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35-443: Kazaure is an Emirate and a Local Government Area of Jigawa State , Nigeria . Its headquarters is in the ancient city of Kazaure. Kazaure was said to have been first settled by a group of Hausa (also known as Habe) hunter clan under the leadership of a warrior called Kutumbi. It was around the year 1300 CE. According to Oral Tradition passed down through the centuries by Griots, Kutumbi and his people were said to have migrated from

70-511: A Fulani régime in Daura, but thereafter he had not played a particularly active part in the jihad and had made little contribution to the victory of the reformers in Kano. By the end of the war his position in northern Kano was strong but ill-defined. As a flag-bearer he had the right of doing homage direct to Shehu, and subsequently to Bello, but in spite of this it seems to have been recognized that he

105-603: A local government council consisting of a chairman, who is the chief executive, and other elected members, who are referred to as councillors. Each LGA is further subdivided into a minimum of ten and a maximum of twenty wards. A ward is administered by a councillor, who reports directly to the LGA chairman. The councillors fall under the legislative arm of the Local Government , the third tier of government in Nigeria, below

140-527: A poet and teacher, and Abu Bakr Atiku , who would become his successor as Sultan. Following the jihad of Usman dan Fodio, the Sokoto Caliphate was one of the largest states in Africa and included large populations of both Fulani and Hausa . Usman dan Fodio tried to largely suppress Hausa systems, including traditional leadership, education, and language. Usman retired from administration of

175-543: A surprise counter-attack and drove the Kano forces out again. As the fighting had ended in stalemate both sides agreed that the dispute should be referred to the arbitration of the Sultan . When the case was brought to him, Bello judged in favour of Dan Tunku and reaffirmed Dan Tunku's independence of the Emir of Kano. Kazaure was thereby recognized to be a separate Emirate and its boundaries were demarcated. This decision brought

210-733: The Torodbe family of Usman dan Fodio descended. Caliph Muhammed Bello in his book Infaq al-Mansur claimed descent from Muhammad through his paternal grandmother Hawwa (mother of Usman dan Fodio), Alhaji Muhammadu Junaidu , Wazirin Sokoto, a scholar of Fulani history, restated the claims of Shaykh Abdullahi bin Fodio in respect of the Danfodio family been part Arabs and part Fulani, while Ahmadu Bello in his autobiography written after independence replicated Caliph's Muhammadu Bello claim of descent from

245-556: The Toucouleur empire, settled in Sokoto on his return from Mecca in 1822. Umar Tall was greatly influenced by Sultan Muhammad Bello as evidenced by the praise Tall lavished upon the Sultan in his own writings. To affirm a permanent alliance, Sultan Bello married one of his daughters to Hajj Umar who remained in Sokoto as a judge (qadi), and as a commanding officer in the Sultan's infantry until Bello's death. Hugh Clapperton visited

280-606: The Arabs through Usman Danfodio's mother, the historical account indicates that the family of Shehu dan Fodio are partly Arabs and partly Fulani who culturally assimilated with the Hausas and can be described as Hausa-Fulani Arabs. Prior to the beginning of the 1804 Jihad the category Fulani was not important for the Torankawa (Torodbe), their literature reveals the ambivalence they had defining Torodbe-Fulani relationships. They adopted

315-624: The Berlin conference of 1884, Africa was shared between the major colonial powers. Modern day Southern and Northern Nigeria fell under the authority of the British. By 1906, most of northern Nigeria was annexed and placed under a protectorate, but it was only in 1912 that the British arrived in Kazaure. Both Sokoto and Kano had already been sacked and the Empire had collapsed, it has been divided between

350-617: The French and British. Therefore, The emir of Kazaure Muhammad Mayaki wisely surrendered to the British and Kazaure became part of the new Nigeria without any bloodshed. Mayaki was the last of the warrior kings. His life was immortalized by his great grandson (a writer) in a grandiose play about the Damagaram invasion (Mayaki: The Warrior King, Anwar Hussaini Adamu, UCP Press Nigeria). Local Government Areas of Nigeria Nigeria has 774 local government areas (LGAs), each administered by

385-497: The Sultan focused on consolidating his administration throughout the empire with significant construction, settlement, and uniform systems of justice. One significant aspect that he expanded from his father was greatly expanded education of both men and women. His sister, Nana Asma’u , became a crucial part of expanding education to women becoming an important teacher and liaison to rural women to encourage education. During Muhammad Bello's rule, El Hadj Umar Tall , future founder of

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420-424: The caliphate. For Fulani populations, who had been largely pastoral prior to this point, Bello encourages permanent settlement around designed ribats with schools, mosques, fortifications, and other buildings. Although these moves ended much opposition, some dissident leaders such as ' Abd al-Salam and Dan Tunku continued to cause early resistance to his rule. Dan Tunku remained a significant dissident leader as

455-475: The centuries to Kazaure thus becoming the name of the settlement the Habe hunters founded at the site. Kutumbi's clan lived in the area for hundreds of years, they left archaeological evidence of their Hunter/Gatherer culture. They also practiced small-scale agriculture. The longest surviving traces of their presence was their religion; they worshiped a goddess called Tsumburbura to whom they made animal sacrifices at

490-427: The city. The Caliphate eventually fractured into four Self-governing parts of which only the parts ruled by Bello's uncle; Abdullahi Ibn Fodio were to recognize and pay allegiance to Bello . Sultan Bello faced early challenges from dissident leaders and the aristocracy of both Fulani and Hausa populations. In contrast with his father, his administration was more permissive of many Hausa systems that had existed prior to

525-491: The country in 1824 he found the Emir Ibrahim in his war-camp, preparing for the annual campaign, and in many ruined and deserted villages he saw evidence of Dan Tunku's past ravages. Later in the same year Ibrahim Dabo made a determined attempt to bring Dan Tunku, to heel. He took an army up to the Kazaure hills and occupied the fortified camp where Dan Tunku had made his headquarters. Soon afterwards, however, Dan Tunku made

560-524: The court of Bello in 1824 and wrote a lot about the generosity and intelligence of the Sultan. Clapperton was very impressed at the writing works by Bello and his exhaustive knowledge regarding British exploration in India. In 1826, Clapperton returned for a second visit, but Bello would not let him cross the border because of warfare with the Bornu Empire and Clapperton became ill and died. In 1836,

595-479: The emirate ever had, it was all due to his wise and strong leadership that the emirate was able to stay independent and strong, in a time when invasions were a frequent affair). The warrior king however, was killed in an encounter with the Damagarawa contingent led by their king Tanimu. It was in 1857. Dambo's death was a very traumatic moment for the newly founded emirate. It took nearly 50 years before his death

630-540: The head of the Emirate of Kazaure . Although Dan Tunku had fought on the side of his father in the Fulani War, when Bello named Ibrahim Dado the Emir of Kano in 1819, Dan Tunku organized oppositional forces in revolution. Bello assisted Ibrahim Dado in defeating the forces of Dan Tunku and building significant fortresses throughout the region where Dan Tunku had drawn his power. After ending some early opposition,

665-473: The hostilities to an end and after that Kano and Kazaure lived together as good neighbours. But the fact remained that, even in Sultan Bello's day, Fulani had begun fighting against Fulani. Unfortunately, as the century advanced, this phenomenon was to become more common. In Kazaure, the dry season is partially cloudy and hot all year round, and the wet season is oppressive and generally cloudy. Throughout

700-693: The kingdom of Gobir revolted against Sokoto rule. Sultan Muhammed Bello gathered his forces and crushed the rebellion on 9 March 1836 at the Battle of Gawakuke . While ruling, he continued with significant educational pursuits, mainly history and poetry. His Infaku'l Maisuri ( The Wages of the Fortunate ) is often considered a definitive history of the Fulani Wars and his father's empire. He wrote hundreds of texts on history, Islamic studies, and poetry during his lifetime. He died of natural causes, at

735-521: The language of the Fulbe and much ethos while maintaining a separate identity. The Toronkawa clan at first recruited members from all levels of Sūdānī society, particularly the poorer people. Toronkawa clerics included people whose origin was Fula , Wolof , Mande , Hausa and Berber . However, they spoke the Fula language , married into Fulbe families, and became the Fulbe scholarly caste. Muhammed Bello

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770-526: The nearby town of Dambatta at a stockaded village that he named Kazaure and established an emirate that was carved from the adjoining Kano , Katsina and Daura emirates. Dan Tunku, was the Fulani leader who, early in the jihad, had prevented a coalition between the forces of the Hausa Chiefs of Kano, Katsina, and Daura. For this feat he had received a flag from Shehu. Later he had helped to establish

805-504: The settlement of blacksmiths living on the Dala Hills-believed by historians to be the first inhabitants of the land now known as Kano . The legend of Kazaure's founding tells the story of how Kutumbi on one of his hunting expeditions found a valley surrounded by huge defensive plateaus and rich with rivers and small streams. He stayed in the area for quite some time until his family became worried over his long absence which

840-480: The state governments and the federal government. The functions of local governments are detailed in the Nigerian constitution and include the following: Lagos State Agege, Ajeromi-Ifelodun, Alimosho, Amuwo-Odofin, Apapa, Badagry, Epe, Eti Osa, Ibeju-Lekki, Ifako-Ijaiye, Ikeja, Ikorodu, Kosofe, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Mushin, Ojo,, Oshodi-Isolo, Shomolu, Surulere. Muhammed Bello Muhammad Bello

875-549: The state in 1815 and put Muhammed Bello in charge of some of the western Emirates of the Caliphate. Bello Presided over this Emirates from the city of Wurno close to Sokoto. Upon the Death of Dan-Fodio, the Caliphate was thrown into disarray when the supporters of Bello encircled and sealed the gates of Sokoto, preventing other notable contenders to the office of Caliph ( including Bello's uncle Abdullahi Ibn Fodio ) from entering

910-442: The territories that Dan Tunku and his followers had acquired in the jihad. This move led to open hostilities. The fighting, though intermittent, lasted about five years. At first Dan Tunku. had the best of it and raided right up to the walls of the city. Gradually, however, Kano's weight began to tell and he was pressed back. Nevertheless, he still continued to harry all the northern part of Kano Emirate. When Clapperton passed through

945-578: The top of Kazaure's hills. Their practice lives on today in the spiritual songs and dances of Bori . It was not until the arrival of the Yarimawan Fulani however, that an administrative system was established in the area. The city of Kazaure has been the emirate's headquarters since 1819. It was founded by Dan Tunku , a Fulani warrior who was one of the 14 flag bearers for the Fulani jihad (holy war) leader Usman dan Fodio . Dan Tunku arrived from

980-403: The year, the average temperature ranges from 58 to 102 degrees Fahrenheit, rarely falling below 54 or rising over 106. During the reign (1824–57) of Emir Dambo, Dan Tunku's son and successor, the emirate was enlarged (partially at the expense of his neighbors, most of whom acknowledged his over-lordship and agreed to be under the tutelage of his emirate). Dambo was perhaps the greatest prince that

1015-402: Was avenged. But avenged it was, by his grand son Yarima Gagarau- the notorious prince that went on a rampage from the gates of Kazaure to the border towns of Damagaram Empire in modern-day Niger Republic. Another clash worthy of reporting is the failed invasion by Damagaram's King Yakudima- the infamous king who attacked Kazaure during the reign of Sarki Mayaki, the grandson of king Dambo. A battle

1050-477: Was born on 3 November 1781. His father, Usman dan Fodio , was an Islamic preacher and scholar. His mother, Hauwa, was the daughter of a Fulani Islamic scholar and a friend of his father. He was nicknamed 'Bello', meaning 'assistant' or 'helper' in Fulfulde . This likely due to his attachment to his father, who Bello always accompanied everywhere he went from a very young age later becoming Usman's wazir . He

1085-680: Was born to the fourth wife of Usman dan Fodio , known as Hauwa or Inna Garka, in 1781 Similar to all his siblings, he was involved in studies directed by his father in Degel until the family and some followers were exiled in 1804. In 1809, Bello was responsible for the founding of Sokoto which would become the key capital for his father's conquest of Hausa lands in the Fulani War (1804-1810). Many of his siblings dedicated significant time to scholastic efforts and became well known in this regard. Notable amongst these were his sister Nana Asma’u ,

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1120-453: Was contrary to his usual hunting habit, they followed his tracks for many days. After a long and arduous journey, they found Kutumbi in a beautiful valley. One of the new arrivals looked upon the nature of the land and exclaimed to another "Wannan Wajen Kamar Zaure !" (The translation of the Hausa phrase is "This place is like an inner room"). This expression " Kamar Zaure " was transformed over

1155-403: Was fought for 9 days and at the end, Yakudima was forced to retire in disgrace. Following this encounter, a treaty was signed and its ratification by both emirates led to a time of peace and prosperity for both kingdoms. It was during the time of King Mayaki that another chapter in the history of Kazaure began, it was what leads to the modern peaceful era in which the people of kazaure were in. At

1190-426: Was from a Torodbe family who are partly Arabs and partly Fulani as stated by Abdullahi dan Fodio , brother of Usman dan Fodio who claimed that their family are part Fulani, and part Arabs, they claimed to descent from the Arabs through Uqba , but Bello added that he was not sure if it was Uqba ibn Nafi , Uqba ibn Yasir or Uqba ibn Amir . The Uqba in question married a Fulani woman called Bajjumangbu through which

1225-533: Was to some extent under the tutelage of Kano. So long as the unworldly Sulaimanu was Emir of Kano this loose arrangement apparently worked satisfactorily, but when the much more forceful Ibrahim Dabo succeeded him, it broke down. Ibrahim demanded Dan Tunku's allegiance and was refused. He thereupon conferred on one of his own vassals, Sarkin Bai of the Dambazawa fulani Clan, a fief embracing all of Northern Kano including

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