Misplaced Pages

#758241

72-549: Originally built in 1637–41, it was first remodelled in 1660 for King John II Casimir ( Polish : Jan II Kazimierz Waza , from whom it takes its name) and again in 1765–68, by Domenico Merlini , for the Corps of Cadets established by King Stanisław II Augustus . Since 1816, the Casimir Palace has served intermittently as the seat of Warsaw University . The Casimir Palace was erected in 1637-41 for King Władysław IV in

144-610: A Hercules Fighting the Centaur Nessus and a Horse Bitten by a Snake . Another feature of the gardens was a large arbor where initially the Fleming royal painter Christian Melich had his studio, but which was later selected by Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga as the venue for her literary salon . The palace had rich furnishings, with Venetian -style gilded ceilings (surviving examples of such ceilings in Poland may be seen at

216-559: A rebellion under Hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski . As a result, John Casimir abdicated at the Sejm of Warsaw on 16 September 1668. The following year, he retired to France where he was hospitably treated by Louis XIV . John Casimir's reign was one of the most disastrous in the history of Poland. He was the third and last monarch on the Polish throne from the House of Vasa . John Casimir

288-404: A rebellion under Hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski . As a result, John Casimir abdicated at the Sejm of Warsaw on 16 September 1668. The following year, he retired to France where he was hospitably treated by Louis XIV . John Casimir's reign was one of the most disastrous in the history of Poland. He was the third and last monarch on the Polish throne from the House of Vasa . John Casimir

360-697: A Man in the Hat Decorated with Pearls (1667), today displayed in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden , Germany. John Casimir was a character in Henryk Sienkiewicz 's novels With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i Mieczem) and The Deluge (Potop). John II Casimir John II Casimir Vasa ( Polish : Jan II Kazimierz Waza ; Lithuanian : Jonas Kazimieras Vaza ; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672)

432-464: A design by Aleksander Bojemski. During World War II, the Casimir Palace was destroyed, along with other Warsaw University buildings. It suffered during both the 1939 defense of Warsaw and the 1944 Warsaw Uprising . The destruction of the building was estimated at 50%. After the war, in 1945–54, the palace was rebuilt to a design by Piotr Biegański. The reconstruction of the whole campus was finally completed in 1960. The Casimir Palace currently houses

504-588: A patron of Daniel Schultz (who painted a famous portrait of a son of Crimean Aga Dedesh, and was made Royal falconer in reward for his father's contribution during the war with Russia in 1663 ). A major part of the king's painting collection was acquired in 1660s, by way of Hendrick van Uylenburgh , an agent in Amsterdam , and later his son Gerrit van Uylenburgh . These were mainly Dutch paintings and works by Rembrandt . The collection also included works by Rubens , Jordaens , Reni , Guercino , Jan Brueghel

576-532: A patron of Daniel Schultz (who painted a famous portrait of a son of Crimean Aga Dedesh, and was made Royal falconer in reward for his father's contribution during the war with Russia in 1663 ). A major part of the king's painting collection was acquired in 1660s, by way of Hendrick van Uylenburgh , an agent in Amsterdam , and later his son Gerrit van Uylenburgh . These were mainly Dutch paintings and works by Rembrandt . The collection also included works by Rubens , Jordaens , Reni , Guercino , Jan Brueghel

648-658: A result of anti-French Polish-Spanish negotiations . In 1641 John Casimir decided to become a Jesuit . In 1642 he again left the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, accompanying his sister to Germany. In 1643 he joined the Jesuits, against vocal opposition from King Władysław, causing a diplomatic rift between the Commonwealth and the Pope. John Casimir went to Rome when the Jesuits invited him in order to bolster

720-418: A result of anti-French Polish-Spanish negotiations . In 1641 John Casimir decided to become a Jesuit . In 1642 he again left the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, accompanying his sister to Germany. In 1643 he joined the Jesuits, against vocal opposition from King Władysław, causing a diplomatic rift between the Commonwealth and the Pope. John Casimir went to Rome when the Jesuits invited him in order to bolster

792-414: A stove factory and a brewery were established here, and in 1737-39 he rebuilt the palace, probably to a rococo design by Johann Sigmund Deybel and Joachim Daniel von Jauch . The palace was enlarged and covered with mansard roofs . The central portion of the building was adorned with a bulbous top bearing a clock and an eagle. In 1765, ownership was transferred to King Stanisław II August , who located

SECTION 10

#1732779466759

864-617: A wonderful view of the Vistula River and its opposite, Praga bank. It had four alcoves and two gardens — a flower garden at the front, and a botanical garden at the rear. Both gardens were adorned with sculptures that had been procured by royal architect Agostino Locci. Some had been purchased in Florence for 7,000 guldens , others had been produced in Prague by Adrien de Vries . According to Adam Jarzębski , they had included

936-633: The Baltic and the Dnieper on the part of Poland, which also lost its sway over the Cossacks , who placed themselves under the protection of Russian Tsars. During the long battles, John Casimir, though feeble and of a peaceful disposition, frequently proved his patriotism and courage. The intrigues of his wife for the Duke of Enghien as successor to the Polish throne triggered a series of revolts, including

1008-422: The Baltic and the Dnieper on the part of Poland, which also lost its sway over the Cossacks , who placed themselves under the protection of Russian Tsars. During the long battles, John Casimir, though feeble and of a peaceful disposition, frequently proved his patriotism and courage. The intrigues of his wife for the Duke of Enghien as successor to the Polish throne triggered a series of revolts, including

1080-686: The Bishop's Palace in Kielce ) and brown Chęciny and black Dębnik marble portals . In the 1650s, sculptor Giovanni Francesco Rossi created profuse Roman-Baroque -style marble decorations, with busts of Roman emperors and of King John II Casimir and Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga (today displayed at Gripsholm Castle in Sweden). These decorations were so precious that during the Swedish Deluge Sweden's King Charles X Gustav ordered

1152-568: The Corps of Cadets here following interior redesigns by Domenico Merlini . From 1769, the famous newspaper sponsored by the King, the Monitor , was printed in an establishment housed in an outbuilding of the palace. On April 5, 1769, the patriotic play Junak was presented on a Cadet Corps stage in the palace. In 1794, after the suppression of the Kościuszko Uprising , the Corps of Cadets

1224-599: The Smolensk War against Muscovy (1633). Between 1632 and 1635, Władysław IV sought to enhance his brother's influence by negotiating a marriage for John Casimir to Christina of Sweden , then to an Italian princess, but to no avail. In 1637 John Casimir undertook a diplomatic mission to Vienna , which he abandoned to join the army of the Holy Roman Empire and fight against the French. After his regiment

1296-419: The Smolensk War against Muscovy (1633). Between 1632 and 1635, Władysław IV sought to enhance his brother's influence by negotiating a marriage for John Casimir to Christina of Sweden , then to an Italian princess, but to no avail. In 1637 John Casimir undertook a diplomatic mission to Vienna , which he abandoned to join the army of the Holy Roman Empire and fight against the French. After his regiment

1368-558: The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), although in that conflict Poland for the most part avoided joining any major military actions and campaigns, instead supporting the Austrian Habsburg and Catholic fraction. His mother, Queen Constance , was the daughter of Charles II of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria and also the younger sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor . John Casimir for most of his life remained in

1440-430: The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), although in that conflict Poland for the most part avoided joining any major military actions and campaigns, instead supporting the Austrian Habsburg and Catholic fraction. His mother, Queen Constance , was the daughter of Charles II of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria and also the younger sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor . John Casimir for most of his life remained in

1512-870: The Wawel Cathedral in Kraków . His heart was interred in the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés . On 1 April 1656, during a Mass in the Latin Cathedral in Lwów, conducted by the papal legate Pietro Vidoni , John II Casimir in a grandiose and elaborate ceremony entrusted the Commonwealth under the protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whom he announced as The Queen of the Polish Crown and other of his countries . He also swore to protect

SECTION 20

#1732779466759

1584-456: The Wawel Cathedral in Kraków . His heart was interred in the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés . On 1 April 1656, during a Mass in the Latin Cathedral in Lwów, conducted by the papal legate Pietro Vidoni , John II Casimir in a grandiose and elaborate ceremony entrusted the Commonwealth under the protection of the Blessed Virgin Mary, whom he announced as The Queen of the Polish Crown and other of his countries . He also swore to protect

1656-610: The mannerist -early Baroque style as a villa suburbana ( suburban villa ) christened the Villa Regia ( Latin for "Royal Villa"), to the design of Italian architect Giovanni Trevano . It was constructed as a rectangular building with corner towers, a type of residence known as Poggio–Reale - Serlio after the Villa Poggio Reale in Naples. The Villa Regia had a magnificent loggia at its garden facade, with

1728-505: The 1650s, during the Deluge . Most of them were sold off to wealthy nobles, displayed in other parts of Europe, or would eventually belong to private collectors, though some of the famous works survived hidden in Opole like The Rape of Europa by Guido Reni . The most important additions to the royal collection were made by John II Casimir, a passionate collector of Dutch paintings , and

1800-402: The 1650s, during the Deluge . Most of them were sold off to wealthy nobles, displayed in other parts of Europe, or would eventually belong to private collectors, though some of the famous works survived hidden in Opole like The Rape of Europa by Guido Reni . The most important additions to the royal collection were made by John II Casimir, a passionate collector of Dutch paintings , and

1872-606: The Catholic faction. From this, he was appointed cardinal, but he would soon resign and return to the Commonwealth when the only son of Władysław died. He attempted to gain the support of the Habsburgs and marry an Austrian princess to create an alliance between the nations in case of an unexpected attack, possibly from the east. In 1648 John Casimir was elected by the Polish Parliament to succeed his half-brother on

1944-426: The Catholic faction. From this, he was appointed cardinal, but he would soon resign and return to the Commonwealth when the only son of Władysław died. He attempted to gain the support of the Habsburgs and marry an Austrian princess to create an alliance between the nations in case of an unexpected attack, possibly from the east. In 1648 John Casimir was elected by the Polish Parliament to succeed his half-brother on

2016-512: The Kingdom's folk from any impositions and unjust bondage . This is referred to as the Lwów Oath . As almost the whole country was occupied by Swedish or Russian armies, the vow was intended to incite the whole nation, including the peasantry, to rise up against the invaders. Two main issues raised by the king in the vows were the necessity to protect the Catholic faith, seen as endangered by

2088-401: The Kingdom's folk from any impositions and unjust bondage . This is referred to as the Lwów Oath . As almost the whole country was occupied by Swedish or Russian armies, the vow was intended to incite the whole nation, including the peasantry, to rise up against the invaders. Two main issues raised by the king in the vows were the necessity to protect the Catholic faith, seen as endangered by

2160-693: The Lutheran (and to some extent Orthodox) aggressors, and to manifest the will to improve the condition of the peasantry. After the King, a similar vow was taken by the Deputy Chancellor of the Crown and the bishop of Kraków , Andrzej Trzebicki , in the name of the szlachta noblemen of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth forces finally drove back the Swedes in 1657 and the Russians in 1661. After

2232-409: The Lutheran (and to some extent Orthodox) aggressors, and to manifest the will to improve the condition of the peasantry. After the King, a similar vow was taken by the Deputy Chancellor of the Crown and the bishop of Kraków , Andrzej Trzebicki , in the name of the szlachta noblemen of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth forces finally drove back the Swedes in 1657 and the Russians in 1661. After

Casimir Palace - Misplaced Pages Continue

2304-512: The Polish territory, and the Sejm was continuously dissolved because of the abuse of the liberum veto law. Charles X Gustav of Sweden triumphantly marched through the country and occupied Kraków in 1655, which forced John Casimir to flee to Silesia . The Swedes were eventually stopped by Stefan Czarniecki under Częstochowa . The wars against the Swedes and the Russians were terminated by treaties involving considerable cessions of provinces on

2376-462: The Polish territory, and the Sejm was continuously dissolved because of the abuse of the liberum veto law. Charles X Gustav of Sweden triumphantly marched through the country and occupied Kraków in 1655, which forced John Casimir to flee to Silesia . The Swedes were eventually stopped by Stefan Czarniecki under Częstochowa . The wars against the Swedes and the Russians were terminated by treaties involving considerable cessions of provinces on

2448-629: The Polish throne. The reign of the last of the Vasas in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth would be dominated by the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) , followed by the war with Sweden (" The Deluge "), the scene for which had been set by the Commonwealth's two previous Vasa kings. Most of Poland was invaded by the Swedish army during The Deluge without much of a fight, due to the conspiratorial complicity of Polish and Lithuanian governors and nobility. In

2520-456: The Polish throne. The reign of the last of the Vasas in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth would be dominated by the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) , followed by the war with Sweden (" The Deluge "), the scene for which had been set by the Commonwealth's two previous Vasa kings. Most of Poland was invaded by the Swedish army during The Deluge without much of a fight, due to the conspiratorial complicity of Polish and Lithuanian governors and nobility. In

2592-706: The Warsaw University rectorate , as well as the Museum of the History of Warsaw University. Since the building's revitalization in 2006 (partly with European Union funds), the building is one of the most attractive on Warsaw's Royal Route . 52°14′26″N 21°01′13″E  /  52.24056°N 21.02028°E  / 52.24056; 21.02028 John II Casimir John II Casimir Vasa ( Polish : Jan II Kazimierz Waza ; Lithuanian : Jonas Kazimieras Vaza ; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672)

2664-717: The Younger , and Bassano , among others. When John Casimir abdicated the Polish–Lithuanian throne, he brought many of his paintings and portraits with him to France. The collection remaining at Royal Castle in Warsaw was looted during the Great Northern War or appropriated in 1720 by Augustus II the Strong , Elector of Saxony , like two paintings by Rembrandt  – Portrait of a Rabbi (1657) and Portrait of

2736-429: The Younger , and Bassano , among others. When John Casimir abdicated the Polish–Lithuanian throne, he brought many of his paintings and portraits with him to France. The collection remaining at Royal Castle in Warsaw was looted during the Great Northern War or appropriated in 1720 by Augustus II the Strong , Elector of Saxony , like two paintings by Rembrandt  – Portrait of a Rabbi (1657) and Portrait of

2808-543: The confusion and disasters caused by the great revolt of the Cossacks under Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Ukraine, who had advanced into the very heart of Poland. The power of the king had been stripped of almost all its prerogatives by the growing influence of the nobles . The Tsardom of Russia and Sweden , which had long been active enemies of Poland, renewed their attacks. George II Rakoczy of Transylvania also invaded

2880-432: The confusion and disasters caused by the great revolt of the Cossacks under Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Ukraine, who had advanced into the very heart of Poland. The power of the king had been stripped of almost all its prerogatives by the growing influence of the nobles . The Tsardom of Russia and Sweden , which had long been active enemies of Poland, renewed their attacks. George II Rakoczy of Transylvania also invaded

2952-417: The course of a few years, the Commonwealth rose to force the Swedes out of Poland, ending the short-lived intrusions and campaigns, however, at a high cost. Most of the cities and towns in the Commonwealth were sacked, plundered and some were burnt to the ground, mostly by the retreating enemy units. Although the reign of John Casimir is remembered to be one of the most disastrous and perhaps most unsuccessful in

Casimir Palace - Misplaced Pages Continue

3024-417: The course of a few years, the Commonwealth rose to force the Swedes out of Poland, ending the short-lived intrusions and campaigns, however, at a high cost. Most of the cities and towns in the Commonwealth were sacked, plundered and some were burnt to the ground, mostly by the retreating enemy units. Although the reign of John Casimir is remembered to be one of the most disastrous and perhaps most unsuccessful in

3096-406: The garden sculptures were taken to Sweden. Then, having been plundered, the palace was burned. Following the devastations wrought by the Deluge , the Villa Regia was rebuilt twice, in 1652 and 1660, to designs by Izydor Affait or Titus Livius Burattini, and came to be called the "Casimir Palace" for King John II Casimir , who favored it as a residence. Abandoned in 1667, the palace later became

3168-486: The head of the genealogical line of St. Bridget of Sweden , descending in primogeniture from Bridget's sister. After his death, the headship was offered to his second cousin, the already-abdicated Christina I of Sweden . The vast collection of paintings, portraits, porcelain and other valuables belonging to the Polish Vasas was mostly looted by the Swedes and Germans of Brandenburg who brutally sacked Warsaw in

3240-425: The head of the genealogical line of St. Bridget of Sweden , descending in primogeniture from Bridget's sister. After his death, the headship was offered to his second cousin, the already-abdicated Christina I of Sweden . The vast collection of paintings, portraits, porcelain and other valuables belonging to the Polish Vasas was mostly looted by the Swedes and Germans of Brandenburg who brutally sacked Warsaw in

3312-532: The history of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he is often referred to as the "warrior king" that fought bravely to save his nation and his people. In 1660 John II Casimir was forced to renounce his claim to the Swedish throne and acknowledge Swedish sovereignty over Livonia and the city of Riga in modern-day Latvia . John Casimir had married his brother's widow, Marie Louise Gonzaga ( Polish : Maria Ludwika ), who

3384-447: The history of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he is often referred to as the "warrior king" that fought bravely to save his nation and his people. In 1660 John II Casimir was forced to renounce his claim to the Swedish throne and acknowledge Swedish sovereignty over Livonia and the city of Riga in modern-day Latvia . John Casimir had married his brother's widow, Marie Louise Gonzaga ( Polish : Maria Ludwika ), who

3456-488: The palace was thoroughly rebuilt in the classicist style to the design probably of Hilary Szpilowski and Wacław Ritschel. In about 1820, two further pavilions, a northern and a southern one, arose at the palace building itself. In 1840–41, the next pavilion was built, designed by Antonio Corazzi , originally to be a secondary school and later serving as the seat of the "Main School" (i.e., Warsaw University ). In about 1863,

3528-544: The pavilions were rebuilt to designs by Antoni Sulimowski. In 1891–94, in the yard between the palace and the Krakowskie Przedmieście gate, a library building was erected to a design by Antoni Jabłoński-Jasieńczyk and Stefan Szyller, and in 1910 a new Krakowskie Przedmieście gate was built. In 1929–31, the library building was rebuilt, and in 1930, the Auditorium Maximum building was erected to

3600-415: The property of King John III Sobieski . In 1695, the building was totally destroyed by fire. In about 1724, the property's ownership was transferred to King Augustus II . In this period were constructed an entrance gate at Krakowskie Przedmieście and eight barracks set perpendicularly to the palace façade. In 1735, the palace became the property of Count Aleksander Józef Sułkowski . A brickworks ,

3672-425: The shadow of his older half-brother, Władysław IV Vasa . He had few friends among the Polish nobility. Unfriendly, secretive, dividing his time between lavish partying and religious contemplation, and disliking politics, he did not have a strong power base nor influence at the Polish court, instead supporting unfavorable Habsburg policies. He did, however, display talent as a military commander, showing his abilities in

SECTION 50

#1732779466759

3744-425: The shadow of his older half-brother, Władysław IV Vasa . He had few friends among the Polish nobility. Unfriendly, secretive, dividing his time between lavish partying and religious contemplation, and disliking politics, he did not have a strong power base nor influence at the Polish court, instead supporting unfavorable Habsburg policies. He did, however, display talent as a military commander, showing his abilities in

3816-471: The sovereign of the Duchy of Courland , but this was vetoed by the Commonwealth parliament ( Sejm ). Taking offence at this, John Casimir in 1638 left for the Kingdom of Spain to become Viceroy of Portugal, but was captured by French agents and imprisoned by the order of Cardinal Richelieu until 1640. He was then freed by a diplomatic mission of the appointed Voivode of Smolensk Krzysztof Gosiewski and as

3888-420: The sovereign of the Duchy of Courland , but this was vetoed by the Commonwealth parliament ( Sejm ). Taking offence at this, John Casimir in 1638 left for the Kingdom of Spain to become Viceroy of Portugal, but was captured by French agents and imprisoned by the order of Cardinal Richelieu until 1640. He was then freed by a diplomatic mission of the appointed Voivode of Smolensk Krzysztof Gosiewski and as

3960-515: The very window frames pulled out and transported to Sweden. The Villa Regia had a large concert hall, decorated with an oil-painted plafond depicting St. Cecilia , patron saint of music and of Queen Cecila Renata , where the Royal Cappella Vasa gave frequent concerts, and a large collection of ancient sculptures which would be plundered during the Deluge by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg , and taken to Berlin; while

4032-435: The war, promises made by John Casimir in Lwów, especially those considering the peasants' lot, were not fulfilled, mostly because of objections by the Sejm , which represented the szlachta nobility and was not attracted to the idea of reducing serfdom, which would negatively affect their economic interests. John Casimir left no surviving children. All his brothers and sisters having predeceased him without surviving issue, he

4104-435: The war, promises made by John Casimir in Lwów, especially those considering the peasants' lot, were not fulfilled, mostly because of objections by the Sejm , which represented the szlachta nobility and was not attracted to the idea of reducing serfdom, which would negatively affect their economic interests. John Casimir left no surviving children. All his brothers and sisters having predeceased him without surviving issue, he

4176-440: Was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 to his abdication in 1668 as well as a claimant to the throne of Sweden from 1648 to 1660. He was the first son of Sigismund III Vasa with his second wife Constance of Austria . John Casimir succeeded his older half-brother, Władysław IV Vasa . As a prince, John Casimir embarked at Genoa for Spain in 1638 to negotiate a league with Philip IV against France, but

4248-440: Was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 to his abdication in 1668 as well as a claimant to the throne of Sweden from 1648 to 1660. He was the first son of Sigismund III Vasa with his second wife Constance of Austria . John Casimir succeeded his older half-brother, Władysław IV Vasa . As a prince, John Casimir embarked at Genoa for Spain in 1638 to negotiate a league with Philip IV against France, but

4320-532: Was a major support to the King. Marie Louise suddenly died in 1667 and this may have caused the monarch's early political decline. On 16 September 1668, grief-stricken after the death of his wife in the previous year, John II Casimir abdicated the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and returned to France, where he rejoined the Jesuits and became abbot of Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris. Following his abdication Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (Michael I)

4392-480: Was a major support to the King. Marie Louise suddenly died in 1667 and this may have caused the monarch's early political decline. On 16 September 1668, grief-stricken after the death of his wife in the previous year, John II Casimir abdicated the throne of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and returned to France, where he rejoined the Jesuits and became abbot of Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris. Following his abdication Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki (Michael I)

SECTION 60

#1732779466759

4464-499: Was born in Kraków on 22 March 1609. His father, Sigismund III, the grandson of Gustav I of Sweden , had in 1592 succeeded his own father to the Swedish throne, only to be deposed in 1599 by his uncle, Charles IX of Sweden . This led to a long-standing feud wherein the Polish kings of the House of Vasa claimed the Swedish throne, resulting in the Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629 . Poland and Sweden were also on opposite sides in

4536-439: Was born in Kraków on 22 March 1609. His father, Sigismund III, the grandson of Gustav I of Sweden , had in 1592 succeeded his own father to the Swedish throne, only to be deposed in 1599 by his uncle, Charles IX of Sweden . This led to a long-standing feud wherein the Polish kings of the House of Vasa claimed the Swedish throne, resulting in the Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629 . Poland and Sweden were also on opposite sides in

4608-514: Was captured by Cardinal Richelieu and imprisoned at Vincennes where he remained for two years. He was released when his brother, Władysław IV, promised never to wage war against France . John Casimir then travelled extensively throughout western Europe and entered the order of Jesuits in Rome in 1643. He was made cardinal by Innocent X , but after returning to Poland , he became a layman and succeeded his brother in 1648. His reign commenced amid

4680-464: Was captured by Cardinal Richelieu and imprisoned at Vincennes where he remained for two years. He was released when his brother, Władysław IV, promised never to wage war against France . John Casimir then travelled extensively throughout western Europe and entered the order of Jesuits in Rome in 1643. He was made cardinal by Innocent X , but after returning to Poland , he became a layman and succeeded his brother in 1648. His reign commenced amid

4752-608: Was closed down. In 1814, a fire destroyed the barracks before the palace, and in 1816 their place was taken initially by two side pavilions designed by Jakub Kubicki . That same year, the palace became the seat of Warsaw University . Concurrently, in 1817–1831, it also housed the Warsaw Lyceum , a secondary school where Frédéric Chopin 's father taught French and whose alumni included young Chopin himself. The years 1818-22 saw expansion by two pavilions parallel to Krakowskie Przedmieście , designed by Michał Kado. In 1824,

4824-612: Was defeated in battle, he spent a year living lavishly at the Viennese court where his strong anti-Cossack interests and political views were greatly shaped under the direct influence of the Austrian Emperor. In 1636 he returned to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and fell in love with Baroness Guldentern, but his desire to marry her was thwarted by King Władysław. In return, Władysław attempted to make him

4896-417: Was defeated in battle, he spent a year living lavishly at the Viennese court where his strong anti-Cossack interests and political views were greatly shaped under the direct influence of the Austrian Emperor. In 1636 he returned to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and fell in love with Baroness Guldentern, but his desire to marry her was thwarted by King Władysław. In return, Władysław attempted to make him

4968-585: Was elected the new king and was crowned on 29 September 1669. In the autumn of 1672, John Casimir had intended to return to Poland, but fell ill before departing and was prevented from doing so. The seizure of Kamieniec Podolski by the Ottoman Empire distressed him, exacerbating his condition. He requested the assistance of Pope Clement X to defend Poland against the Ottomans. He died on 16 December 1672 from apoplexy , and his burial took place inside

5040-466: Was elected the new king and was crowned on 29 September 1669. In the autumn of 1672, John Casimir had intended to return to Poland, but fell ill before departing and was prevented from doing so. The seizure of Kamieniec Podolski by the Ottoman Empire distressed him, exacerbating his condition. He requested the assistance of Pope Clement X to defend Poland against the Ottomans. He died on 16 December 1672 from apoplexy , and his burial took place inside

5112-598: Was the last of the line of Bona Sforza . With him, all the legitimate issue of Alfonso II of Naples died out. His heir in Ferdinand I of Naples and in the Brienne succession was his distant cousin, Henry de La Tremoille , Prince of Talmond and Taranto , the heir-general of Frederick IV of Naples (second son of Ferdinand I of Naples and Isabella of Clermont ), who also was the heir-general of Federigo's first wife, Anne of Savoy . John Casimir was, after his brother,

5184-486: Was the last of the line of Bona Sforza . With him, all the legitimate issue of Alfonso II of Naples died out. His heir in Ferdinand I of Naples and in the Brienne succession was his distant cousin, Henry de La Tremoille , Prince of Talmond and Taranto , the heir-general of Frederick IV of Naples (second son of Ferdinand I of Naples and Isabella of Clermont ), who also was the heir-general of Federigo's first wife, Anne of Savoy . John Casimir was, after his brother,

#758241