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61-584: The airport was mentioned in the 2006 State of the Nation Address of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , although the project is not receiving any funding from the Philippine government. The project is financed completely by the city government of Kabankalan, with the airport costing the city government around two hundred million pesos . Construction on the new airport commenced on March 9, 2007, with completion slated supposedly by 2010. As of 2022,

122-496: A control tower and loading and navigation systems. It will also have an initial 1,800-meter runway , although some sources indicate that the runway can have a length of up to 3,000 meters. It is said that some of the equipment of Mandurriao Airport in Iloilo City, when closed, will be transferred and used at this airport. However, equipment and personnel instead from the old Bacolod City Domestic Airport will run and man

183-626: A dictatorial government , rekindling the Philippine Revolution (formally established by decree on June 18 ). On June 12, he issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain at his ancestral home in Cavite. He established a revolutionary government on June 23, under which the partly-elected and partly-appointed Malolos Congress convened on September 15 to write a constitution. On December 10, 1898,

244-590: A rear guard action to delay the American advance and ensure his escape. At the time of the battle, Aguinaldo and his party were encamped in Cervantes , about 10 km south of the pass. After being notified by a rider of the outcome of the battle and the death of del Pilar, Aguinaldo ordered that camp be broken, and departed with his party for Cayan settlement. Aguinaldo's party, traveling with del Pilar's force, reached Manaoag, Pangasinan on November 15. There,

305-680: A brief ceasefire in April–May 1899 failed, and San Isidro fell to American forces on May 16. The Philippine Republic core government had moved by then to Bamban, Tarlac , and subsequently moved to Tarlac town . Aguinaldo's party had already left Tarlac, the last capital of the Philippine Republic, by the time American troops occupied it on November   13. American forces captured Calumpit, Bulacan on April 27 and, moving north, captured Apalit, Pampanga with little opposition on May 4 and San Fernando, Pampanga on May 5. This forced

366-509: A local radio network at 10:00 Philippine Time (GMT+8), in time for the opening of the regular session of the 2nd Congress . The tradition of delivering the SONA on the fourth Monday of January ended in 1972, when from 1973 to 1977, President Ferdinand E. Marcos delivered the Address every September 21—the official anniversary of his imposition of Martial Law upon the country. Since Congress

427-525: A new headquarters in Tierra Virgen. On August 27, 1900, after American forces landed at Aparri, Cagayan , Aguinaldo concluded that Tierra Virgan had become untenable as a headquarters and decided to march to Palanan, Isabela . On December 6, 1900, the party reached Dumasari, and arrived in Palanan the following morning. Aguinaldo remained in Palanan until his capture there by American forces with

488-478: A party departed Bayambang by rail for Calasiao , from where they immediately proceeded eastwards to Santa Barbara in order to evade pursuing American forces. There, they joined a force of some 1200 armed men led by General Gregorio del Pilar . Aguinaldo had decided in aa November 13 conference in Bayambang to disperse his army and begin guerrilla war . From that point on, distance and the localistic nature of

549-507: A pass at the summit of Mount Polis , and arrived at Ambayuan the next morning. The party pushed on to Banane, pursued closely by American forces. At this point, Aguinaldo's party consisted of one field officer, 11 line officers, and 107 men. The remainder of December 1899 was spent in continuous trek. The party was at the border of Abra and Cagayan provinces on Aguinaldo's 31st birthday on March 23, 1900. The trek from place to place continued until about May 22, 1900, when Aguinaldo established

610-609: A proclamation ordering and commanding that "peace and friendly relations with the Americans be broken and that the latter be treated as enemies, within the limits prescribed by the laws of war". The fighting quickly escalated into the Second Battle of Manila , with Philippine Republic forces being driven out of the city. American forces pushing north from Manila after the outbreak of fighting captured Caloocan on February 10. On March 29, as American forces threatened Malolos,

671-551: Is usually delivered at around 16:00 PST ( UTC+8 ). Before the appointed time, legislators enter the Plenary Session Hall, with members of Congress and their consorts in recent years sporting traditionally-inspired bespoke couture that, in some cases, expresses their legislative agenda or ideological leanings. The President meanwhile arrives at the Batasang Pambansa Complex some minutes before

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732-771: The 1898 Treaty of Paris was signed, ending the Spanish–American War and transferring the Philippines from Spain to the United States. The constitution written by the Malolos Congress was proclaimed on January 22, 1899, creating what is known today as the First Philippine Republic, with Aguinaldo as its president. The constitution was approved by delegates to the Malolos Congress on January 20, 1899, and sanctioned by Aguinaldo

793-665: The 1898 Treaty of Paris , ending the Spanish–American war. As part of the treaty, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. The treaty was not formally proclaimed until April 11, 1899, when mutual ratifications were exchanged. In the meantime, on January 23, 1899, the Malolos Constitution establishing the First Philippine Republic had been proclaimed and, on February 4, 1899, fighting had erupted in Manila between American and Filipino forces in what developed into

854-609: The Bagong Alyansang Makabayan usually burn an effigy of the sitting president as a highlight of the protest. Local chief executives also give their own addresses modeled after the State of the Nation Address. These speeches are not mandated by law, but are given usually as a matter of practice or tradition. Recent addresses have been the subject of criticism by various sectors for being too ostentatious and flashy, with politicians and media personalities treating

915-745: The Commonwealth Era . The Jones Act enacted in 1916 was the first instance where a report about the Philippine Islands was required to be submitted. However, the law only mandated a report by the Governor-General to an executive office assigned by the President of the United States . This was in the form of a written document that discussed the transactions and movements of the Insular Government . When

976-593: The Mahajanapadas of ancient India, the Lanfang Republic , the Republic of Formosa , or the Republic of Ezo . Aguinaldo himself had led a number of governments prior to Malolos, like those established at Tejeros and Biak-na-Bato which both styled themselves República de Filipinas ("Republic of the Philippines"). Unlike the founding documents of those governments, however, the Malolos Constitution

1037-817: The Malolos Republic , was established in Malolos , Bulacan during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire (1896–1898) and the Spanish–American War between Spain and the United States (1898) through the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution on January 23, 1899, succeeding the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines . It was formally established with Emilio Aguinaldo as president. It

1098-578: The Philippine–American War . Aguinaldo was captured by the American forces on March 23, 1901, in Palanan , Isabela , he declared allegiance to the U.S. on April 19, 1901, effectively ending the Philippine Republic. The First Philippine Republic is sometimes characterized as the first proper constitutional republic in Asia, although there were several Asian republics predating it – for example,

1159-495: The barong tagalog for men and "short" Filipiniana for women, in preparation for President Rodrigo Duterte 's first address in 2016. First Philippine Republic Events/Artifacts (north to south) Events/Artifacts Artifacts The Philippine Republic ( Spanish : República Filipina ), now officially remembered as the First Philippine Republic and also referred to by historians as

1220-491: The 1 and 5-peso banknotes had been printed and circulated to some areas by the end of the short-lived republic. General Emilio Aguinaldo also issued currency backed by the country's natural resources. Two types of two-centavo copper coins were struck at the Malolos arsenal. These were withdrawn from circulation and declared illegal currency after the surrender of General Aguinaldo to the Americans. When Philippine independence

1281-501: The Address was in place during the First Philippine Republic , which was established in 1899 in Malolos , Bulacan . The revolutionary government took ideas from European parliaments , where the magisterial role of the head of state in the legislature was to mark the legislature's official opening. The Malolos Constitution of 1899 provided for the President to preside over the opening of Congress, as well as convey his messages to

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1342-457: The Americans long enough for Aguinaldo's party to escape. Aguinaldo, encamped with his party about 10 km south of the pass in Cervantes, Ilocos Sur , was apprised of the result of the battle by a rider, and moved on. The party reached Banane settlement on December 7, where Aguinaldo paused to consider plans for the future. On December 16, the party departed for Abra to join forces with General Manuel Tinio . The party traveled on foot through

1403-644: The Batasang Pambansa. All her successors in the office have since delivered their respective Addresses in the same venue. The political opposition has had a response to the address, known as "kontra-SONA" ( transl.  counter SONA ). Usually, the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives delivers the response in a session of Congress, a few days after the actual SONA. In the Senate ,

1464-578: The Commonwealth of the Philippines was created and the 1935 Constitution enacted, it provided for an annual report of the President of the Philippines to Congress: "The President shall from time to time give to the Congress information on the state of the Nation, and recommend to its consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." The first formal State of the Nation Address

1525-572: The Congress by representatives appointed by President Emilio Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo sent a letter to the Sultan of Sulu requesting that the islands be part of the First Philippine Republic, but the letter was ignored. Provisional Law on the Judiciary was issued on March 7, 1899, in accordance to the provisions of the 1899 Malolos Constitution providing that the Chief Justice shall be chosen by

1586-598: The First Congress on January 27, 1947. Beginning in 1949, the SONA was delivered at the rebuilt Legislative Building. Only once did a President not appear personally before Congress: on January 23, 1950, President Elpidio Quirino , who was recuperating at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore , Maryland , delivered his SONA to a joint session of Congress via RCA. The Address was picked up by

1647-796: The National Assembly with the concurrence of the president and secretaries of the government. Aguinaldo appointed Apolinario Mabini to be the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines on August 23, 1899; however, the appointment did not materialize because of the Philippine–American War. The Supreme Court included Gracio Gonzaga serving as president; Juan Arceo and Felix Ferrer as Chamber Presidents; and Deogracias Reyes, Juan Tongco, Pablo Tecson, and Ygnacio Villamor serving as Associate Justices One of

1708-698: The National Assembly, led by Speaker Benigno S. Aquino, Sr. , on 18 October at the Legislative Building—;four days after the Second Republic's establishment. This is, however, not considered a SONA as the 1943 Constitution did not—as President Laurel himself pointed out—provide for such an address. With the 1945 defeat of the Japanese Empire and the re-establishment of the Commonwealth Government,

1769-565: The Philippines to engage the Spanish naval forces. On May 1, 1898, the U.S. Navy decisively defeated the Spanish Naval force and blockaded Manila Bay. The American naval commander, lacking forces to conduct land operations following his unexpectedly complete victory, returned Aguinaldo and a number of other revolutionary exiles to the Philippines from Hong Kong. Aguinaldo arrived in the Philippines on May 24 and on that date, proclaimed

1830-571: The Plenary Session Hall of the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Batasan Hills , Quezon City . The SONA, which is often broadcast, serves as a means to inform the nation about its present economic, political, and social condition. It is also a vehicle for the president to summarize the accomplishments and plans of their program of government both for a particular year and until the end of their term of office . The Address

1891-594: The President, who approaches the rostrum and is seated. The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House then convene the joint session, and the House of Representatives Choir leads the now standing assembly in singing Lupang Hinirang . Representatives of various religious groups then lead the assembly in an ecumenical prayer. The Speaker then introduces the President in English or Filipino with words similar to

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1952-518: The Republic had quickly reorganized upon Aguinaldo's decrees of June 18 and 20, 1898. Article 82 of the Malolos Constitution covered the organization and attributes of provincial and popular assemblies, and specified the principles governing local laws. The government claimed jurisdiction over the overseas territory of Palaos (Modern day Palau ) and the Sulu archipelago . Both areas are represented in

2013-567: The aid of the native scouts on March 23, 1901. Following his capture, Aguinaldo announced allegiance to the United States on April 19, 1901 and manifesting to the Philippine people to lay down their weapons, formally ending the First Republic and recognizing the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippines . Fighting between the Americans and the remnants of the Philippine Republican Army continued until

2074-596: The beginning of the joint session, and enters the main building through a back entrance. The President is then welcomed with military honors, and greeted by the Speaker of the House, the President of the Senate, and the welcoming committee, before proceeding to the Presidential Legislate Liaison Office. The President then enters the Plenary Session Hall as the Presidential Anthem is played. The Secretary General introduces

2135-588: The conditions prevailing in the Philippines during the Japanese Occupation and an acknowledgement of the invaluable assistance rendered by recognized guerrillas to combined Filipino and American forces in the liberation of the Philippines. The last Address of the Commonwealth was delivered by President Manuel Roxas on June 3, 1946. President Roxas would later deliver the first SONA of the Third Philippine Republic in front of

2196-537: The event as a red carpet fashion show, thus others dubbing it as the country's version of the Met Gala . Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago blasted the organizers and called the event a "thoughtless extravagance" where "peacocks spread their tails and turn around and around, as coached by media in a feeding frenzy." Presumptive House Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez for the 17th Congress urged representatives to dress in simple business attire for future addresses, preferably

2257-454: The facility. State of the Nation Address (Philippines) The State of the Nation Address ( SONA [ˈsɔna] ; Filipino : Talumpati sa Kalagayan ng Bansa ) is an annual address by the president of the Philippines to a joint session of the Congress of the Philippines . Mandated by the 1987 Constitution , the speech is delivered on the fourth Monday of July at

2318-532: The fighting prevented him from exercising a strong influence on revolutionary or military operations. Recognizing that American troops blocked his escape east, he turned north and west on November 15, crossing the mountains into La Union province. Aguinaldo's party eluded pursuing American forces, passing through Tirad Pass near Sagada, Mountain Province where the Battle of Tirad Pass was fought on December 2 as

2379-468: The following duties to the presidency: The constitution established a Council of Government (Cabinet), composed of a President and seven Secretaries. The following individuals were appointed to Cabinet positions: The following are the executive departments: Legislative power was exercised by an Assembly of Representatives initially composed by members of the Revolutionary Government and subsequently elected to four year terms and organized in

2440-488: The following: "[Ladies and gentlemen], [honorable] members of [the] Congress [of the Philippines], [His/Her Excellency] , [ Name ], [the] President [of (the Republic of) the Philippines]." The Address, which can last anywhere from one to several hours, is broadcast on television, radio, and online streaming by state agencies such as Radio Television Malacañang, as well as private media organizations. An early form of

2501-577: The force was split into vanguard and rear guard elements, with Aguinaldo and del Pilar in the vanguard. The vanguard force overnighted in Tubao, La Union , departed there on November 16, and was in Naguilian, La Union by November 19, where word was received that American forces had taken Santo Tomas and had proceeded to Aringay . Aguinaldo's force arrived in Balaoan, La Union on November 19, pushed on

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2562-646: The form and manner determined by law and referred to at various points in the constitution as the National Assembly . It specified that assembly members would be chosen by election, but left the manner of the election to be later specified by law. The assembly was initially composed of the former members of the Malolos Congress and had powers and responsibilities detailed in Title IV of the constitution. Municipal and provincial governments under

2623-534: The important laws passed by the Malolos Congress was the law providing for a national loan to buoy up the national budget in which the Republic was trying to balance. The loan, worth 20 million pesos, was to be paid in 40 years with an annual interest of six percent. The law was decreed by Aguinaldo on November 30, 1898. Emilio Aguinaldo ordered the issuance of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100-peso banknotes which were signed by Messrs. Pedro A. Paterno, Telesforo Chuidan and Mariano Limjap to avoid counterfeiting. However, only

2684-492: The installation of the concrete for the runway had neared completion, but funds for the construction of the terminal had not yet been allocated. However, as of 2022 it has not yet been classified by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines and the construction is still on the works after it was placed on hold. Kabankalan City Domestic Airport will initially contain both cargo and passenger terminals,

2745-471: The kontra-SONA has been delivered more sporadically, but there were instances of it being done. Protests are done on the day of the address itself. Protests usually occur for the second and subsequent addresses of each president, with the first address usually free from such. Protests are done at Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City , the main road leading to the Batasang Pambansa Complex , and Mendiola Street , fronting Malacañang Palace . Leftist groups such as

2806-474: The legislature through a secretary. When Emilio Aguinaldo addressed the Malolos Congress in Spanish on September 15, 1898, he simply congratulated the formation of the first representative body of the Philippines and Asia. This is not considered a State of the Nation Address because the Malolos Constitution did not explicitly provide for one. The State of the Nation Address as an annual practice began during

2867-541: The lifting of Martial Law. Another exception took place in 1986, after the People Power Revolution, where President Corazón C. Aquino did not deliver any SONA. This was due to the dissolution of the Batasang Pambansa and the absence of a ratified new constitution at that time. With the re-establishment of Congress in 1987, President Corazon Aquino delivered her first SONA at the Plenary Hall of

2928-404: The next day, and arrived at the Tirad Pass, a natural choke point , on November 23. General del Pilar decided to place a blocking force in Tirad Pass to delay pursuing American forces while Aguinaldo's party moved on. The Battle of Tirad Pass took place on December 2, 1899. 52 men of del Pilar's 60-man force were killed, including del Pilar himself. However, the Filipinos under del Pilar held off

2989-401: The next day. The convention had earlier elected Aguinaldo president on January 1, 1899, leading to his inauguration on January 23. Parts of the constitution gave Aguinaldo the power to rule by decree . The constitution was titled "Constitución política", and was written in Spanish. When the First Philippine Republic was constituted on January 22, 1899, in Malolos, that municipality became

3050-468: The now- bicameral Congress of the Philippines convened on June 9, 1945, the first time since their election in 1941. During this special session, President Sergio Osmeña addressed lawmakers at their provisional quarters (a repurposed schoolhouse) along Lepanto Street in Manila, and gave a comprehensive report on the work carried out by the Commonwealth Government during its three-year as a government-in-exile in Washington, D.C. Furthermore, he described

3111-419: The opening session of the Interim Batasang Pambansa . From 1979 onwards, the SONA was delivered on the fourth Monday of July, following the provisions in the 1973 Constitution and the superseding 1987 Constitution . The only instances deviating from this pattern occurred in 1983, when the SONA was delivered on January 17 to mark the anniversary of the 1973 Constitution's ratification and the second anniversary of

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3172-416: The seat of government moved to San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. On March 31, American forces captured Malolos, the initial seat of the Philippine Republic government, which had been gutted by fires set by withdrawing Philippine Republic forces. Emilio Aguinaldo and the core of the revolutionary government had by then moved to San Isidro, Nueva Ecija . Peace negotiations with the American Schurman Commission during

3233-406: The seat of government of the Philippine Republic, and was serving as such when hostilities erupted between U.S. and Filipino forces in the Second Battle of Manila on February 4. On February 4, 1899, armed conflict erupted in Manila between Philippine Republic forces and American forces occupying the city subsequent to the conclusion of the Spanish–American War . That day President Aguinaldo issued

3294-482: The seat of government to be shifted according to the demands of the military situation. In October 1899, American forces were in San Fernando, Pampanga and the Philippine Republic was headquartered not far north of there, in Angeles City . On October 12, an American offensive to the north forced the Philippine Republic to relocate its headquarters in November to Tarlac, and then to Bayambang, Pangasinan . On November 13, under pressure by American forces, Aguinaldo and

3355-419: The second State of the Nation Address. The opening date of Congress was again changed that year to the fourth Monday of every year. President Manuel L. Quezon delivered his final State of the Nation Address on January 31, 1941, prior to the onset of World War II . José P. Laurel , president of the Japanese -sponsored puppet Second Republic , was able to deliver his only message before the special session of

3416-406: The surrender of General Miguel Malvar on April 16, 1902. Executive power was exercised by the President, through his cabinet secretaries. The incumbent president of the Revolutionary Republic initially assumed the presidency. Presidents were to be elected by the legislature to terms of four years and to be eligible for reelection. In addition to his basic powers, the 1899 Constitution assigned

3477-417: Was abolished with the promulgation of the 1973 Constitution , these addresses were delivered before a legislative assembly either in Malacañang Palace or at Rizal Park , except in 1976 when the Address was given during the opening of the Batasang Bayan at the Philippine International Convention Center . President Marcos began giving the Address at the Batasang Pambansa Complex on June 12, 1978 during

3538-424: Was declared on June 12, 1898, the Philippine Revolutionary Army was renamed the Philippine Republican Army. Aguinaldo then appointed Antonio Luna as Director or Assistant Secretary of War by September 28, 1898, and the Philippines first military school, the Academia Militar was established in Malolos. When the Republic was inaugurated on January 23, Luna had succeeded Artemio Ricarte as the Commanding General of

3599-429: Was delivered by President Manuel L. Quezon on June 16, 1936 at the Legislative Building in Manila . The dates of the SONA were fixed on June 16 of every year at the start of opening sessions of Congress, by virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 17. However, CA 49 changed the date of the opening of Congress to October 16. In 1937, October 16 fell on a Saturday, and the opening of Congress was moved to 18th, when Quezon gave

3660-445: Was duly approved by a partially elected congress and called for a true representative democracy. In 1896, the Philippine Revolution began against Spanish colonial rule. In 1897, Philippine forces led by Aguinaldo signed a ceasefire with the Spanish authorities and Aguinaldo and other leaders went into exile in Hong Kong . In April 1898, the Spanish–American War broke out. The U.S. Navy's Asiatic Squadron, then in Hong Kong, sailed to

3721-407: Was unrecognized outside of the Philippines but remained active until April 19, 1901. Following the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay , Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines, issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, and proclaimed successive revolutionary Philippine governments on June 18 and 23 of that year. In December 1898, Spain and the United States signed

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