Naryshkin Baroque , also referred to as Moscow Baroque or Muscovite Baroque , is a particular style of Baroque architecture and decoration that was fashionable in Moscow from the late 17th century into the early 18th century. In the late 17th century, the Western European Baroque style of architecture combined with traditional Russian architecture to form this unique style. It is called Muscovite Baroque as it was originally only found within Moscow and the surrounding areas. It is more commonly referred to as Naryshkin Baroque, as the first church designed in this style was built on one of the Naryshkin family 's estates.
21-723: 55°44′35″N 37°37′20″E / 55.74306°N 37.62222°E / 55.74306; 37.62222 The Resurrection Church in Kadashi Sloboda (Храм Воскресения Христова в Кадашах) is a major Naryshkin Baroque church in Moscow ( Yakimanka District ), formerly the tallest building in Zamoskvorechye . It may still be seen from Red Square . A wooden church on this site was documented as early as 1493. The elongated five-domed church with an elegantly "laced" belfry
42-533: A high drum created feeling of loftiness and impression of a variety of forms. The design for octagon on quadrangle churches was originally believed to have been taken from Ukrainian Baroque architecture, but further research proved that that wasn't true, as the first church built in this style was in Russia. The style spread continually, even to architecture that wasn't religious architecture . Many monasteries remodeled their walls and buildings in this style, as it
63-499: Is an architectural style that was widespread in Ukraine in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was the result of a combination of local architectural traditions and European Baroque . Thanks to influences from Western Europe , from the late 16th century the lands of modern Ukraine came under the influence of the secularized Baroque form of art and architecture, which was still unknown in the neighbouring Tsardom of Russia . According to
84-560: Is an original synthesis of Western European Baroque architectural forms and Ukrainian national Baroque architectural traditions. Ukrainian Baroque is distinct from the Western European Baroque in having more moderate ornamentation and simpler forms, and as such was considered more constructivist . Many Ukrainian Baroque buildings have been preserved, including several buildings in Kyiv Pechersk Lavra and
105-663: Is most related with this style of architecture is Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin, the uncle of Peter the Great . Lev Naryshkin erected this first church with the help of an architect, who is presumed to be Yakov Bukhvostov . This church became the staple of the Naryshkin Baroque style and inspired the building of other churches in this style within Moscow. Naryshkin Baroque was contrasted with the Petrine Baroque , which
126-598: The Rastrelliesque , or the Elizabethan Baroque style. The most important architects that worked in the Naryshkin Baroque style were Yakov Bukhvostov and Pyotr Potapov. Yakov Grigorievich Buhvostov was born in the mid 17th-century, as a serf to Mikhail Tatishchev. The Tatishchev family were influential Boyars in Nikolskoe . Little is known about the early life of Bukhvostov, only that he
147-877: The Vydubychi Monastery in Kyiv . The historian Andrew Wilson has identified All Saints' Church, the Cathedral of the Assumption and the Trinity Gate within the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra as good examples of the style, along with St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv and St. Catherine 's in Chernihiv . The exterior of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv also underwent significant alterations in
168-1238: The Assumption Church, which reads "The summer of 7204 (1699) October 25 is the work of human hands, the work of Pyotr Potapov" ( Russian : лета 7204 [1699] октября 25 дня дело рук человеческих, делом именем Петрушка Потапов ). From this inscription it is unclear whether he was the architect or the stone carver, but it is believed that he was the architect. ( Russian : Церковь Покрова Пресвятой Богородицы в Филях ) ( Russian : Церковь Спаса Нерукотворного Образа в Уборах ) ( Russian : Свято-Троицкий собор в Саратове ) ( Russian : Церковь Знамения Пресвятой Богородицы на Шереметевом дворе ) ( Russian : Церковь Святых Апостолов Петра и Павла в Петровско-Разумовском ) ( Russian : Церковь Иконы Божией Матери Владимирская у Владимирских ворот ) ( Russian : Церковь Троицы Живоначальной в Троицком-Лыково ) ( Russian : Богоявленский Собор (Крещения Господня) ) ( Russian : Церковь Успения Пресвятой Богородицы на Покровке ) ( Russian : Сухарева башня ) Ukrainian Baroque Ukrainian Baroque ( Ukrainian : Українське бароко ), also known as Cossack Baroque ( Ukrainian : Козацьке бароко ) or Mazepa Baroque ,
189-645: The Baroque style. Another example of the style is the Church of St. Elias in Subotiv , where Bohdan Khmelnytsky buried his son Tymish in 1653 after his death in battle. The church is also depicted on the ₴ 5 note. The best examples of Baroque painting in Ukraine are the church paintings in the Holy Trinity Church of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. Rapid development in engraving techniques occurred during
210-538: The Ukrainian Baroque period. Advances utilized a complex system of symbolism , allegories, heraldic signs, and sumptuous ornamentation. From the 17th century onwards, there was also a flowering of baroque literature in Ukraine, which in turn helped lay the foundations for Russian secular literature. The Ukrainian Baroque sculptor Johann Georg Pinsel , who was active during the mid-18th century in Galicia ,
231-541: The Ukrainian Baroque style, designing St. Andrew's Church and Mariinskyi Palace in Kyiv . The palace is now used as the official residence of the President of Ukraine . The Galician-Italian architect Bernard Merettini designed the ornate St. George's Cathedral , Lviv, used as a mother church by the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church . Certain features of the Ukrainian Baroque influenced
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#1732780854633252-500: The building as was common in the 17th century. The bell towers were often built in the shape of an octagon, with the main volume of the building being a quadrangle. This octagon on quadrangle shape was a classic Baroque composition for churches. The window trimmings were decorated, as on all Baroque style temples. Cupolas replaced the tented roof , which was previously widespread in Russian church architecture . These placed upon
273-678: The historian Serhii Plokhy , Petro Mohyla , the Metropolitan of Kyiv from 1633 to 1647, was crucial in developing the style as part of his drive to reform the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and adapt the Church to the challenges of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation . Ukrainian Baroque reached its apogee in the time of the Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa , from 1687 to 1708. Mazepa Baroque
294-749: The interests of building companies and sparked a resistance campaign labelled the " battle of Kadashi " by the Russian media. Naryshkin Baroque The first church built in the Naryshkin Baroque style was the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin in the village of Fili , that was built on the estate of the Naryshkin family , who were Moscow boyars . The member of this family that
315-400: The time. They were also thoroughly decorated with details in white limestone . The structure of the building was also different from anything else being built in Russia at the time. This architectural style was classified as "under the bell" or "under the ring" (Ru. под звоном). Churches that are "under the bell" mean that the bell tower is placed on top of the main volume, instead of next to
336-461: Was constructed between 1687 and 1695. The interior was frescoed in the late 17th century. Napoleon 's soldiers desecrated the church, turning it into a stables . In the 19th century, the icon screen was restored, the galleries and apses were expanded, and several outsize domed porches were added. The church was closed by the Soviets in 1934 and was adapted for accommodation of a KGB archive. It
357-665: Was favored by Peter the Great and used widely in St. Petersburg . The contrast of these two styles are exemplified by the color, form, scale, and the materials used. The St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg, and the Menshikov Tower in Moscow, are notable examples of the Petrine Baroque style. The churches designed in the Naryshkin Baroque style were often built in red brick, which differed them from other buildings of
378-514: Was granted his freedom in the 1690s, when he was recognized as a great architect. The most notable example of his work as an architect is the Church of the Savior in Ubory. Pyotr Potapov is the hypothetical architect of the Church of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin on Pokrovka. Nothing is known about his life, or if he was even a real person. His name is known exclusively by the inscription on
399-556: Was not returned to the Russian Orthodox Church until December 2006. There was much media focus on the Kadashi Church in 2010 when Moscow mayor , Yuri Luzhkov , ordered the demolition of several old buildings near the church, including a deacon's house from 1813, in order to replace them with an elite apartment complex. The decision was viewed as Luzhkov's latest attack on Moscow's architectural heritage in
420-634: Was the latest fashion. The most notable examples of these monasteries were the Novodevichy Convent and the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow. There are some examples outside of Moscow as well; Krutitsy , Metochion and Solotcha Cloister are near Riazan . Non-religious architecture adopted this style as well, as could be seen in the Sukharev Tower in Moscow. In the 1730s, the Naryshkin Baroque style ended and it evolved into
441-825: Was the subject of a special exhibition at the Louvre in Paris in 2012–2013. Pinsel, who demonstrated a unique, masterful expressiveness of form and a highly personal characterization of drapery is now recognized as a leading figure in European Baroque sculpture. The Russian Baroque architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli , who is best known for designing the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg and Catherine Palace in Tsarskoe Selo , also made contributions to
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