10°53′00″N 9°35′00″E / 10.8833°N 9.5833°E / 10.8833; 9.5833
41-736: The Kafin Zaki Dam is a controversial project to build a reservoir on the Jama'are River (also called the Bunga River in its upper reaches) in Bauchi State in the Northeast of Nigeria . The proposed dam would be of zoned earthfill construction and would be 11 kilometres-long. It would be designed with the potential to install a 15 MW hydroelectric plant. The reservoir would have a storage capacity of 2,700 million cubic meters, and would be
82-596: A contract to the Dangote Group to restart the abandoned dam project, a move that was supported by Abdul Ahmed Ningi , a Bauchi state representative who was House Leader in the National Assembly when the project was cancelled in 2002. Former Vice President Mohammed Namadi Sambo visited the dam site in November 2013 and gave stakeholders assurances that the federal government would build it. Speaking at
123-571: A contract was awarded to Julius Berger Nigeria to build the dam. In 1984, the contract was terminated, but it was reinstated in 1992 by the Ibrahim Babangida regime. In 1994, the Sani Abacha regime terminated the contract again, and set up a judicial committee of inquiry into all aspects of the project. In 2002, funding was allocated for the project, but then abruptly withdrawn. In 2008, Governor Isa Yuguda of Bauchi State awarded
164-616: A massive herd of migratory elephants returned to Borno. Borno State has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, including the Dghwede , Glavda , Guduf , Laamang , Mafa , and Mandara in the central region; the Afade , Yedina (Buduma) , and Kanembu in the extreme northeast; the Waja in the extreme south; and the Kyibaku , Kamwe , Kilba , and Margi groups in the south while
205-627: A part of their uprising , which were later rebuilt. Federal Highways are: Two border crossings to Niger across the Komadougou Yobe : Three roads to Cameroon : Other major roads include: Railways: Maiduguri lies at the terminus of the 1067 mm (3ˈ6") Cape Gauge Eastern Line east from Bauchi in Gombe State . Airports: Served by the Maiduguri International Airport . Borno State
246-472: A threat statewide with frequent attacks on both civilian and military targets. As a partially agriculturally-based state, the rural Borno State economy relied heavily on livestock and crops prior to the Boko Haram insurgency while the state capital Maiduguri is a major regional trade and service center. However, after years of the insurgency affecting development and forcing farmers from rural areas in
287-545: Is 0.91% higher than the national average for Nigeria. The average annual precipitation in Jamaare is 90.02 millimeters (3.54 inches), with 121.31 wet days (33.24% of the time). This Bauchi State , Nigeria location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Nigeria is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Borno State Borno State
328-480: Is August with an average of 118.6 mm while the windiest month is December with an average of 11 km/h. Borno has many higher institutions, these include: Borno State consists of twenty-seven (27) Local Government Areas , grouped into three Senatorial Districts (shown below with their areas and 2006 census population figures): In addition, there are eight Emirate Councils (Borno, Bama, Damboa, Dikwa, Biu, Askira, Gwoza, Shani and Uba Emirates), which advise
369-562: Is a state in the North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria . It is bordered by Yobe to the west for about 421 km, Gombe to the southwest for 93 km, and Adamawa to the south while its eastern border forms part of the national border with Cameroon for about 426 km (265 miles, partly across the Ebedi and Kalia Rivers). Its northern border forms part of the national border with Niger for about 223 km, mostly across
410-457: Is often experienced in the state between the months of December and February. There is a reduction in rainfall from 3,800 mm to below 650 mm in the state, hence it rains in the state between 4 and 5 months annually. The state experiences high relative humidity annually. The hottest period in the state is in the month of May, with an average of 34 C while the month of January is the coldest with an annual average of 23 C. The wettest month
451-642: The British Empire . The British-controlled area was incorporated into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria before becoming independent as Nigeria in 1960. The German-controlled area (territory along the modern-day border with Cameroon ) formed Deutsch-Bornu as a part of German Kamerun until allied forces invaded and occupied Kamerun during the Kamerun campaign of World War I . After
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#1732772868972492-593: The Chad Basin National Park , a large national park that contains populations of black crowned crane , spotted hyena , patas monkey , and roan antelope along with transient herds of some of Nigeria's last remaining African bush elephants . However, a section of the park, the Sambisa Forest , was taken over during the Boko Haram insurgency in the early 2010s forcing many fauna to flee; large animals were not seen until 2019 and 2020 when
533-598: The Hadejia River to form the Yobe River . There has recently been controversy over a plan to build the Kafin Zaki Dam on this river, with concerns over the effect on seasonal flooding and the water table. In Jamaare, which at an elevation of 0 feet (0 meters) above sea level, experiences tropical wet and dry or savanna weather. The district averages a yearly temperature of 30.37oC (86.67oF), which
574-584: The Kanuri and Shuwa Arabs live throughout the state's north and centre. Religiously, the vast majority of the state's population (~85%) are Muslim with smaller Christian and traditionalist minorities (especially in the south) at around 7% each. From the 700s, what is now Borno State was within the territory of the Kanem Empire , an empire spanning from modern-day southern Libya ( Fezzan ) south through most of now- Chad into modern-day Borno State. In
615-809: The Sokoto Caliphate . About 80 years later, Rabih az-Zubayr , a Sudanese warlord , conquered the Empire and ruled until he was killed by French forces in the 1900 Battle of Kousséri . The Adamawa Emirate was also defeated by colonial powers, losing the Adamawa Wars to Germany and the British Empire . Both Rabih's lands (later reconstituted as the Borno Emirate ) and the Adamawa Emirate were then divided among colonial powers with modern-day Borno State being split between Germany and
656-452: The Emir of Ningi, Yunusa Mohammed Danyaya, by his sides, Sambo declared that the federal government was unwaveringly committed to the project's realization as part of the transformation objective of the previous president, Goodluck Jonathan. He stated that in order to ensure that all facets of the community along the river benefited from the program, the federal government was thoroughly assessing
697-669: The Kafin Zaki dam project would have negative value of around US$ 15 million. In April 2009, Dr. Hassan Bidliya, Administrative Secretary of the Hadejia-Jama'are-Komadugu-Yobe Basin Trust Fund, advised that any decision should be deferred until the Environmental Impact Assessment on the project had been completed. In September 2009, three farmers’ associations in downstream Borno State called for
738-476: The Komadougou-Yobe River, and its northeastern border forms all of the national border with Chad for 85 km (53 miles). It is the only Nigerian state to border up to three countries. It takes its name from the historic emirate of Borno , with the emirate's old capital of Maiduguri serving as the capital city of Borno State. The state was formed in 1976 when the former North-Eastern State
779-611: The economic value of water in the downstream Hadejia-Jama'are floodplain was US$ 32.00 per 1,000 m, while the value of water in the Kano River Project, irrigated by the Tiga Dam and the Challawa Gorge Dam was US$ 1.73 per 1,000 m, or US$ 0.04 per 1,000 m after accounting for operational costs. The study estimated that if implemented, even with a regulated flooding regime to reduce downstream impact,
820-579: The federal government and Bauchi State government to shelve the project, concerned about the impact on their livelihood. In August 2009, Senator Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan of Yobe North, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Public Accounts, spoke against the proposed dam. He stated that the Tiga and Challawa dams on the Hadejia River had already reduced downstream water flow drastically, and the Jama'are River
861-421: The insurgency, and many people have experienced acute food insecurity . The climate of Borno state is characteristic of rainfall variability, with a strong latitudinal zone, which is drier in this northeastern state. The commencement of the rainy season in this northeast state is around June/July of every year, which is far behind the southeastern states. The trade wind , also regarded as the harmattan season
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#1732772868972902-592: The late 1300s, the Kanem Empire was forced to move after unsuccessful wars, becoming the Bornu Empire before regaining strength and ruling the wider area for the next 500 years. It was not until the early 1800s when the Fulani jihad significantly weakened the Empire, that Bornu began to decline. Much of modern-day southern Borno State was seized in the wars and incorporated into the Adamawa Emirate under
943-617: The local governments on cultural and traditional matters. A wide variety of Biu–Mandara languages are spoken in Borno State, particularly in the Mandara Mountains . Languages of Borno State listed by Local Government Area: Other languages of Borno State are Lala-Roba, Tarjumo, Yedina, and Tedaga. Islam continues to be the dominant faith practised in Borno State, with much smaller numbers of adherents of Christianity and other faiths spread throughout and living within
984-574: The north and the West Sudanian savanna in the centre and south with a part of the montane Mandara Plateau in the southeast. In the far northeast of the state is the Nigerian portion of Lake Chad and the Lake Chad flooded savanna ecoregion ; the lake is fed by the Yobe River which forms the state's border with Niger until it reaches the lakebed. In the centre of the state is part of
1025-629: The power of the emirs of the former dynasty, and by the time of Nigeria's return to civilian rule in 1979, the emirs' jurisdiction has been restricted solely to cultural and traditional affairs. Mala Kachallah was elected governor of Borno State in 1999 under the flagship of the then APP (All Peoples Party), later renamed the All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP). Ali Modu Sheriff was elected governor of Borno State in Nigeria in April 2003. Boko Haram's insurgency began in 2009, with Borno being
1066-575: The project designs for additional cascade dams in addition to Kafin Zaki, such as those in Yobe and other states. Arguments in favor of the dam from supporters in Bauchi State include the benefits of irrigation for agriculture in the area, such as sugar cane crops, while controlled releases would avoid downstream impact. Opponents in downstream Yobe State and Borno State argue that the dam will prevent
1107-477: The project site in Bauchi, Sambo claimed that the action would end a curse that successive state administrations had attempted to break for more than three decades. "In line with Mr. President's transformation agenda, he has directed me to proceed with ensuring that this project is implemented for the benefit of the people of the northeastern region of this country," Sambo had said to the villagers who welcomed him at
1148-581: The region. Sharia operates as the primary foundation for the development, interpretation, and enforcement of most civic codes and laws. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Maiduguri has its seat in the State. The Anglican Diocese of Maiduguri (1990) within the Province of Jos , is led by Bishop Emmanuel Morris (2017). Ekklesiar Yan'Uwa A Nigeria (EYN) buildings in Maiduguri were destroyed by Boko Haram as
1189-513: The seasonal floods that their farmers depend upon for farming, and will cause the water table to drop, with much water being lost to evaporation. Environmentalists are also concerned about the impact on downstream wetlands. Floodplain farmers and fishermen use water much more efficiently than farmers who rely on irrigation from dams. A study funded by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) estimated that
1230-658: The second largest in Nigeria after the Kainji Dam . It would irrigate 120,000 hectares of arable land on which cash crops could be grown. Potentially the project would support production of one million tonnes of sugarcane annually and provide over one million jobs in industries related to agriculture. The dam was first considered after the 1972-1974 drought in the Sahel , and during the Shehu Shagari regime in 1979-1982,
1271-726: The site of the proposed dam. According to the Ministry of Water Resources' suggested design evaluation, the dam project will guarantee the development of at least 125,000 hectares of irrigable land. 80,000 hectares of that land would be in Bauchi, 25,000 hectares in Yobe, 15,000 hectares in Borno, and 5,000 hectares in Bauchi. When completed, the dam project under the Jama'are-Yobe basin, according to Sambo, will produce 100,000 tonnes of fish per year in addition to 15 megawatts of hydroelectric power and 45 megawatts of biofuels. With his host, Governor Yuguda, his predecessor, Ahmadu Adamu Mu'azu, and
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1312-545: The state falling under the control of the group, which soon became the world's deadliest terror group in 2015 and forced millions from their homes. Following a 2015 mass multinational offensive along with infighting within the terrorists between the original Boko Haram group and the Islamic State – West Africa Province breakaway, the group was forced from its strongholds into the Sambisa Forest and some islands in Lake Chad by 2017; however, terrorists continue to be
1353-489: The state's governor Kashim Shettima said that "176 teachers had been killed and 900 schools destroyed since 2011." After the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping in April 2014, most schools in Borno State were closed. In November 2014, UNICEF reported it has increased its Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) centres in Borno State "from 5 to 67." In Borno State, the agricultural sector has suffered mostly because of
1394-402: The state, Borno has the thirteenth lowest Human Development Index in the country but as the insurgency has slightly abated since 2016, development has renewed. As of 2022, much of Borno State has been occupied by ISWAP . The state has a predominance of Kanuri people , while other ethnic groups such as Lapang , Babur / Bura , Mafa and Marghi are also found in the southern part of
1435-518: The state. Shuwa Arabs are mainly the descendants of Arab people and are an example of the endurance of traditional political institutions in some areas of Africa . The emirs of the former Kanem–Bornu Empire have played a part in the politics of this area for nearly 1,000 years. The current Kanemi dynasty gained control of the Borno Emirate in the early 19th century after the Fulani jihad of Usman dan Fodio . Conquered by Rabih in 1893, Borno
1476-681: The war, what is now the eastern periphery of Borno State became a part of the Northern Cameroons within the British Cameroons until 1961, when a referendum led to a merger with Nigeria . Originally, modern-day Borno State was a part of the post-independence Northern Region until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the North-Eastern State . After the North-Eastern State
1517-531: The worst-affected area. On 14 May 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in northeastern Nigeria, including Borno State along with the neighboring states of Adamawa and Yobe . This happened after fighting between Boko Haram and the state armed forces killed 200 people in the town of Baga . A spokesman for the armed forces declared that the offensive would continue "as long as it takes to achieve our objective of getting rid of insurgents from every part of Nigeria." In July 2014,
1558-408: Was broken up. It originally included the area that is now Yobe State , which became a distinct state in 1991. Borno is the second largest in area of the 36 states , only behind Niger State . Despite its size, the state is the eleventh most populous with an estimated population of about 5.86 million as of 2016. Geographically, the state is divided between the semi-desert Sahelian savanna in
1599-566: Was invaded by the British, French and Germans at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1902, the British officially incorporated Borno into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate and in 1907 established a new capital at Maiduguri , which remains the capital to this day. After Nigerian independence in 1960, Borno remained fairly autonomous until the number of states in Nigeria expanded to 12 in 1967. Local government reform in 1976 further reduced
1640-492: Was now the main source of water in the Yobe River . He said the dams caused intense poverty, increased desert encroachment, migration and conflicts between arable farmers and herdsmen. Jama%27are River The Jama'are River , also known as the Bunga River in its upper reaches, starts in the highlands near Jos , Plateau State , Nigeria and flows northeast through Bauchi State and Yobe State before joining
1681-458: Was split, Borno State was formed on 3 February 1976 alongside ten other states. Fifteen years after statehood, a group of LGAs in the state's west was broken off to form the new Yobe State . Years later, in the early 2000s, the state became the epicentre of the Islamist group Boko Haram since it began its insurgency in 2009. From 2012 to 2015, the insurgency escalated dramatically with much of