35-439: Kahnweiler is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1884–1979), German-born art dealer and collector Jessie Kahnweiler , American actress Louis S. Kahnweiler (1919–2017), American real estate investor [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Kahnweiler . If an internal link intending to refer to
70-594: A contemporary artist would illustrate a work of a contemporary writer. He expanded his presentations by bringing together artists, writers and poets to produce their works as a joint project in more than 40 books. Picasso, for example, illustrated the works of Max Jacob . As a publisher of art with literary works, he had no equal, and was the first to sponsor publications by Max Jacob, Guillaume Apollinaire , André Masson , Gertrude Stein , Pablo Picasso , and many others. In doing so, he launched many literary careers. Kahnweiler's entrepreneurial abilities were so acute that by
105-700: A proper understanding of Cubism and focus on small and sensational elements of his complex relationship with Picasso has led to a flawed understanding of the ideas he put forward in these writings. Although revered by artists for his business and aesthetic sense and respected by art dealers and art historians, the true impact of his life and work has yet to be recognized, despite a 1988 biography by Pierre Assouline . He died in 1979 in Paris, aged 94. Juan Gris José Victoriano González-Pérez (23 March 1887 – 11 May 1927), better known as Juan Gris ( Spanish: [ˈxwaŋ ˈɡɾis] ; French: [gʀi] ),
140-418: A record), held exhibitions of their work and promoted their work internationally. Since he considered himself friends with many of them, he co-owned little sailing boats with his artists. As part of his activities in promoting the work of emerging artists, Kahnweiler sponsored the first exhibition of the work of Georges Braque . He encouraged the practice of publishing Beaux Livres (beautiful books), in which
175-692: A small village in the Palatinate . Kahnweiler grew up in Stuttgart and was trained to study finance and philosophy. His upbringing and education at a German Gymnasium prepared him for his life as an art connoisseur and pragmatic businessman. Early employment in the family business of stock brokerage in Germany and Paris gave way to an interest in art collecting while Kahnweiler was still in his twenties. He opened his first small art gallery (4 by 4 meters) in Paris in 1907 at 28 rue Vignon, at age 23. There
210-499: A specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kahnweiler&oldid=1119392065 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description with empty Wikidata description All set index articles Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (25 June 1884 – 11 January 1979)
245-496: Is broken. Their presence is suggested by the heavy, often triangular, shading of the angles between them... Both styles are distinguished from the work of Picasso and Braque by their clear, rational and measurable quality." Although Gris regarded Picasso as a teacher, Gertrude Stein wrote in The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas that "Juan Gris was the only person whom Picasso wished away". In 1912, Gris exhibited at
280-726: The Exposició d'art cubista , Galeries Dalmau in Barcelona, the first declared group exhibition of Cubism worldwide; the gallery Der Sturm in Berlin; the Salon de la Société Normande de Peinture Moderne in Rouen ; and the Salon de la Section d'Or in Paris. Gris, in that same year, signed a contract that gave Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler exclusive rights to his work. At first Gris painted in
315-479: The history of art and aesthetics . He also spent his time visiting the city's museums and art galleries. Besides the museums in Paris, he took trips around the European continent to see what was being shown in museums and art galleries outside France. He gave his first interview on Cubism in 1912, and it was actual historical events that led to his career as a historian. There is a view that Kahnweiler's sensibility
350-632: The 'Salon Cubists', such as Jean Metzinger , Albert Gleizes , Fernand Léger , Robert Delaunay , Henri Le Fauconnier , Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia . The outbreak of World War I in 1914 not only ruptured the Cubist experiments in art, but also forced Kahnweiler to live in exile in Switzerland; due to his German citizenship, he was considered an alien under French law. Many German nationals living in France had their possessions sequestered by
385-399: The 1950s his art gallery was among the top 100 French companies in terms of export figures. Although the financial support for artists was an important contribution to art history, he was also a significant figure for his work as an art historian and eyewitness to the emergence of Cubism during the period 1907–1914. When working in Paris, his spare time was devoted to reading and understanding
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#1732787468871420-596: The Bateau-Lavoir until 1922. Josette Gris was Juan Gris' second companion and unofficial wife. In 1906, after he sold all his possessions, he moved to Paris and became friends with the poets Guillaume Apollinaire , Max Jacob , and artists Henri Matisse , Georges Braque , Fernand Léger and Jean Metzinger . He submitted darkly humorous illustrations to journals such as the anarchist satirical magazine L'Assiette au Beurre , and also Le Rire , Le Charivari , and Le Cri de Paris . In Paris, Gris followed
455-564: The French state, and as a result, Kahnweiler's collection was confiscated in 1914 and sold by the government in a series of auctions at the Hôtel Drouot between 1921 and 1923. Among these was Pablo Picasso 's "Buffalo Bill," which Kahnweiler acquired from Picasso in 1912 and was auctioned at Hôtel Drouot in the "Fourth Sale of Sequestered Art," May 7-8, 1923, and bought in auction at Christie's for $ 12,412,500 on Nov. 17, 2022. During
490-534: The academic artist José Moreno Carbonero . It was in 1905 that José Victoriano González adopted the more distinctive name Juan Gris. In 1909, Lucie Belin (1891–1942)—Gris' wife—gave birth to Georges Gonzalez-Gris (1909–2003), the artist's only child. The three lived at the Bateau-Lavoir , 13 Rue Ravignan, Paris, from 1909 to 1911. In 1912 Gris met Charlotte Augusta Fernande Herpin (1894–1983), also known as Josette. Late 1913 or early 1914 they lived together at
525-471: The age of 40, leaving a wife, Josette, and a son, Georges. The top auction price for a Gris work is $ 57.1 million (£34.8 million), achieved for his 1915 painting Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux (Still Life with Checked Tablecloth) . This surpassed previous records of $ 20.8 million for his 1915 still life Livre, pipe et verres , $ 28.6 million for the 1913 artwork Violon et guitare and $ 31.8 million for The musician's table , now in
560-409: The artists. Concurrently, the primary means for avant-garde painters and sculptors to show their works to a wider audience remained the Salon des Indépendants and the Salon d'Automne . Kahnweiler forbade his 'gallery Cubists' from exhibiting at these major Salons, and by so doing, actually removed them from public view. From the viewpoint of the general public, Cubism came to be more associated with
595-409: The clouds from the gas chambers ," as he put it in his seminal work on Juan Gris . Kahnweiler was very prolific as an author, but never produced a full autobiography. There was, however, a series of interviews first aired on French television, then published and translated as a book under the title Mes galleries et mes peintres ("My galleries and my painters"). For his 80th birthday, a Festschrift
630-403: The composition serves as a foundation to flatten the individual elements onto a unifying surface, foretelling the shape of things to come. In 1919 and particularly 1920, artists and critics began to write conspicuously about this 'synthetic' approach, and to assert its importance in the overall scheme of advanced Cubism. In 1924, he designed ballet sets and costumes for Sergei Diaghilev and
665-904: The famous Ballets Russes . Gris articulated most of his aesthetic theories during 1924 and 1925. He delivered his definitive lecture, Des possibilités de la peinture , at the Sorbonne in 1924. Major Gris exhibitions took place at the Galerie Simon in Paris and the Galerie Flechtheim in Berlin in 1923 and at the Galerie Flechtheim in Düsseldorf in 1925. After October 1925, Gris was frequently ill with bouts of uremia and cardiac problems. He died of kidney failure in Boulogne-sur-Seine (Paris) on 11 May 1927, at
700-555: The finer elements of the compositions; the constituent components, including the small planes of the faces, become part of the unified whole. Though Gris certainly had planned the representation of his chosen subject matter, the abstract armature serves as the starting point. The geometric structure of Juan Gris's Crystal period is already palpable in Still Life before an Open Window, Place Ravignan (June 1915; Philadelphia Museum of Art ). The overlapping elemental planar structure of
735-455: The first time at the 1912 Salon des Indépendants (a painting entitled Hommage à Pablo Picasso ). "He appears with two styles", writes art historian Peter Brooke, "In one of them a grid structure appears that is clearly reminiscent of the Goûter and of Metzinger's later work in 1912." In the other, Brooke continues, "the grid is still present but the lines are not stated and their continuity
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#1732787468871770-454: The great artists of his time who found themselves without adequate recognition and little or no interest among collectors. Initial purchases included works by Kees van Dongen , André Derain , André Masson , Fernand Léger , Georges Braque , Juan Gris , Maurice de Vlaminck and several other artists of the same generation. To use his own word, Kahnweiler wanted to "defend" great artists, but only those who had no dealers and of whose talents he
805-479: The importance and beauty of Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon and immediately wanted to buy it along with all of Picasso's works. Picasso wrote of Kahnweiler, "What would have become of us if Kahnweiler hadn't had a business sense?" Kahnweiler's appreciation of Picasso's talents was especially gratifying to the artist, since he was largely unknown and destitute at the time when many of his most famous works were created. In his gallery, Kahnweiler supported many of
840-417: The lead of Metzinger and another friend and fellow countryman, Pablo Picasso . Gris began to paint seriously in 1911 (when he gave up working as a satirical cartoonist), developing at this time a personal Cubist style. In A Life of Picasso , John Richardson writes that Jean Metzinger's 1911 work, Le goûter (Tea Time) , persuaded Juan Gris of the importance of mathematics in painting. Gris exhibited for
875-525: The painters of the Puteaux Group in the Salon de la Section d'Or in 1912. His preference for clarity and order influenced the Purist style of Amédée Ozenfant and Charles Edouard Jeanneret ( Le Corbusier ), and made Gris an important exemplar of the post-war " return to order " movement. In 1915 he was painted by his friend, Amedeo Modigliani . In November 1917 he made one of his few sculptures,
910-602: The polychrome plaster Harlequin . Gris's works from late 1916 through 1917 exhibit a greater simplification of geometric structure, a blurring of the distinction between objects and setting, between subject matter and background. The oblique overlapping planar constructions, tending away from equilibrium, can best be seen in Woman with Mandolin, after Corot (September 1916) and in its epilogue, Portrait of Josette Gris (October 1916; Museo Reina Sofia ). The clear-cut underlying geometric framework of these works seemingly controls
945-436: The style of Analytical Cubism , a term he himself later coined, but after 1913 he began his conversion to Synthetic Cubism , of which he became a steadfast interpreter, with extensive use of papier collé or, collage . Unlike Picasso and Braque, whose Cubist works were practically monochromatic , Gris painted with bright harmonious colors in daring, novel combinations in the manner of his friend Matisse. Gris exhibited with
980-556: The years of exile (until 1920), Kahnweiler studied and wrote works such as the Der Weg zum Kubismus and Confessions esthétiques . Writing becoming a passion he continued over his lifetime, and he authored hundreds of books and major articles. The second period of enforced writing came during a period of internal exile caused by the events of World War II. As a Jew, the Nazis forced him to flee Paris. He remained in France, in hiding. "Under
1015-524: Was a German-born art collector, and one of the most notable French art dealers of the 20th century. He became prominent as an art gallery owner in Paris beginning in 1907 and was among the first champions of Pablo Picasso , Georges Braque and the Cubist movement in art. Kahnweiler was born in 1884 in Mannheim , Baden to a prosperous Jewish family. His family had previously moved from Rockenhausen ,
1050-546: Was a Spanish painter born in Madrid who lived and worked in France for most of his active period. Closely connected to the innovative artistic genre Cubism , his works are among the movement's most distinctive. Gris was born in Madrid and later studied engineering at the Madrid School of Arts and Sciences. There, from 1902 to 1904, he contributed drawings to local periodicals. From 1904 to 1905, he studied painting with
1085-452: Was a family precedent for such an enterprise, since his uncle, who ran a famous stock brokerage house in London , was a major art collector of traditional English art works and furniture. Kahnweiler is considered to have been one of the greatest supporters of the Cubist art movement through his activities as an art dealer and spokesman for artists. He was among the first people to recognize
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1120-615: Was convinced. Rather than exhibiting appealing works by established artists from the past and present, Kahnweiler championed burgeoning artists who had come from all over the globe to live and work in Montparnasse and Montmartre at the time. Thus Paul Cézanne , although a great artist, was considered too old to be represented, and his work was already represented by the dealer Ambroise Vollard in any case. Along with such men as Alfred Flechtheim , Paul Cassirer , Daniel Wildenstein , Léonce Rosenberg and Paul Rosenberg , Kahnweiler
1155-556: Was one of the influential art connoisseurs of the 20th century. As a businessman, Kahnweiler pioneered many new methods of working with artists and art dealing; these are now established practices in the industry. In 1907, when there were only half a dozen viable galleries in Paris, he made contracts with artists to buy all of their work in order to free them from financial worries and permit them to concentrate on their creative work. He met with them daily to discuss their work, photographed each work they produced (he felt it imperative to have
1190-515: Was published with contributions by the world's leading philosophers, art historians, and artists, all of whom emphasized the vital importance of his unique contribution to art history – an importance still not yet fully appreciated, probably due to the fact that he has been viewed mostly as an art dealer and not as an art historian . This situation has been aggravated because some of his major works on aesthetics were either never translated into English or badly translated. The omission of key elements of
1225-401: Was such that his gallery, and the way he styled and developed it, was as much a Cubist gallery as were the paintings by Picasso and the other Cubist painters. The gallery had a clear aesthetic position, uncompromising integrity, financial stability and creative development. During the years 1907-1914 his gallery was a central cradle for Cubism, not only to display the works, but where one also met
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