109-598: Waitara is a town in the northern part of the Taranaki region of the North Island of New Zealand. Waitara is located just off State Highway 3 , 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northeast of New Plymouth . Waitara was the site of the outbreak of the Taranaki Wars in 1860 following the attempted purchase of land for British settlers from its Māori owners. Disputes over land that was subsequently confiscated by
218-474: A Waitangi Tribunal report on the situation in 1996 led to some debate on the matter. In a speech to a group of psychologists, Associate Minister of Māori Affairs Tariana Turia compared the suppression of Taranaki Māori to the Holocaust , provoking a vigorous reaction around New Zealand, with Prime Minister Helen Clark among those voicing criticism. The subnational gross domestic product (GDP) of Taranaki
327-500: A French priest named Le Loutre attacked Annapolis , the only British garrison in Nova Scotia. Only eighty men of Phillips' Regiment were available to meet this threat, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Paul Mascarene . Mascarene refused to surrender to Le Loutre. Le Loutre's party eventually burned a number of houses and withdrew. Following this, George II authorized the reorganization of the regiment which increased to six regiments
436-511: A campaign of passive resistance against government land confiscation, which culminated in a raid by colonial troops on 5 November 1881. The confiscations, subsequently acknowledged by the New Zealand Government as unjust and illegal, began in 1865 and soon included the entire Taranaki district. Towns including Normanby , Hāwera and Carlyle ( Patea ) were established on land confiscated as military settlements. The release of
545-585: A ceasefire was negotiated. Later campaigns during the war included the major British defeat in the Battle of Puketakauere, close to Te Kohia pā, on 27 June 1860 which cost the lives of 32 Imperial troops and of five Māori. A major British sapping operation at the strongly defended Te Arei pā up the Waitara River began in February 1861, but was abandoned when a ceasefire was effected the following month. As
654-612: A committee consisting of Messrs. Bayly, Tutty and Smith. Annual subscriptions for members were set at 10s. The club colours were chosen to be the same as the Waitara Boating Club, "scarlet and white". The Waitara Soccer Club was first formed in 1905, and was originally based at the Pukekohe Domain (Camp Reserve), Browne Street, Waitara. The first match the club played was against the New Plymouth A.F.C. on
763-518: A critical care paramedic) and two operational managers during the day. At night, four ambulances are on duty and one rapid response vehicle. Volunteer-crewed first response units are based in Opunake and Urenui. There are 13 police stations in the region, including three in New Plymouth and others are based in the main towns. The Taranaki Rescue Helicopter Trust provides search, rescue and patient transfer missions when required. The MBB/Kawasaki BK 117
872-808: A detachment was sent to Georgia to gather rice for the army in June 1776. It saw action at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776, the Battle of Fort Washington in November 1776 and the Battle of Princeton in January 1777. It was in combat again at the Battle of Brandywine in September 1777 and the Battle of Germantown in October 1777. In November 1778 the regiment embarked for Barbados and took part in
981-577: A few hundred and to 1,500. Total losses among the imperial, volunteer, and militia troops are estimated to have been 238, while Māori casualties totalled about 200. An uneasy truce was negotiated a year later, only to be broken in April 1863 as tensions over land occupation boiled over again. A total of 5,000 troops fought in the Second Taranaki War against about 1,500 men, women and children. The style of warfare differed markedly from that of
1090-601: A house but leases the (once confiscated) land on which it stands, want to own the land freehold . In September 1990 the Waitangi Tribunal began hearing 21 Treaty of Waitangi claims concerning the Taranaki district. Much of the tribunal's investigation focused on events around Waitara from 1840 to 1859. The tribunal presented its report to the Government in June 1996, noting: "The Taranaki claims could be
1199-503: A lack of proof that the company's initial purchase of the land had been legitimate. The company claimed that Te Āti Awa had either abandoned the land or lost possession of it, owing to conquest by Waikato Māori. (The Land Claims Commission later upheld this view, but subsequently Governor Robert FitzRoy (in office 1843–1845) rejected it, as did the Waitangi Tribunal in 1996.) Tensions between settlers and local Māori began as early as July 1842, when settlers who had taken up land north of
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#17327829121621308-575: A million acres (4,000 km ) of land. The present main highway on the inland side of Mount Taranaki follows the path taken by the colonial forces under Major General Trevor Chute as they marched, with great difficulty, from Patea to New Plymouth in 1866. Armed Māori resistance continued in South Taranaki until early 1869, led by the warrior Tītokowaru , who reclaimed land almost as far south as Wanganui . A decade later, spiritual leader Te Whiti o Rongomai , based at Parihaka , launched
1417-643: A plant to manufacture smallgoods such as salami, sausages and hamburger patties on the site of the freezing works. However, AFFCO went to court to enforce a 20-year encumbrance which restricts meat processing and associated activities on the site. It succeeded in both the High Court and the Court of Appeal in preventing the new plant from opening, although an ANZCO subsidiary was allowed to continue using freezer and coolstore facilities there. The two companies are said to have reached an agreement. ANZCO now operates from
1526-585: A result of this operation, Colour Sergeant John Lucas was awarded the Victoria Cross . In May 1863 war resumed in Taranaki. The government immediately renounced the earlier Waitara purchase, abandoning all claims to it, and instead created a plan for the confiscation of greater tracts of land under new laws, supposedly as a reprisal for the Oakura killings. In 1865 the Pekapeka block that had been at
1635-449: A roll of 241. It celebrated its 25th jubilee in 1999. Waitara Central School and Waitara East School are contributing primary (years 1–6) schools with rolls of 131 and 235, respectively. Waitara Central celebrated its 125th jubilee in 2000. St Joseph's School is a full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of 67. It is a state integrated Catholic school. All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of August 2024. In 2020, Waitara
1744-515: A service centre for the farming sector, particularly to the north and northeast. Farming in the Waitara catchment includes dairying , beef cattle for meat, sheep for both meat and wool , fruit—mainly kiwifruit —other horticulture including tree and shrub nurseries , and poultry for meat and eggs. The original Waitara Cricket Club was formed in October 1878, with Mr. J. Elliot elected club captain. Mr L. Issit as secretary and treasurer and
1853-564: A skeleton complement, had its establishment raised to seventy men for each company. Men were quickly impressed in England for service in the regiment. Between 1746 and 1748 the regiment contented itself with garrison duty at Annapolis and St. John's. With a continuing problem of finding recruits in Britain for the Philipp's regiment George II took the unusual step of allowing recruitment from
1962-539: A soap and candle factory, an iron foundry, a boat-building yard, two breweries, a wool-scouring plant and a tannery. From 1887 the economy of Waitara became dependent on the frozen meat trade – first to Great Britain and since the creation of the European Common Market, to Asian countries. Except for some very early shipments from Waitara, frozen meat was transported to the port of New Plymouth by rail. In 1902 Thomas Borthwick and Sons (Australasia) Ltd,
2071-474: A subsidiary of a UK company, bought the Waitara Freezing and Cold Storage Company plant at Waitara. Until 1998, the freezing works employed between 1000 and 1500 workers, by far the largest employer in a town with a population of between 3000 and 5000. In 1990, Borthwicks sold the Waitara works to AFFCO Holdings . In 1995 AFFCO closed the Waitara works with the consequent severe loss of employment in
2180-633: A synthetic-petrol plant called the Gas-To-Gasoline plant) at Motunui . Fuel and fertiliser is also produced at a well complex at Kapuni and a number of smaller land-based oilfields. With the Maui field nearing depletion, new offshore resources have been developed: the Kupe field , 30 km south of Hāwera and the Pohokura gas field , 4.5 km north of Waitara. The way the land mass projects into
2289-442: Is Methanex, also based in Taranaki, who use it as a feedstock to produce methanol for export. Taranaki's natural gas is also used to make urea for use on farms. The head offices of many energy companies are based in the region along with specialist service and supply companies, including freight, logistics, fabrication, technical, professional services and consultancies as well as environmental and health and safety expertise. The region
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#17327829121622398-542: Is a meeting ground for the Pukerangiora hapū of Te Āti Awa . In October 2020, the Government committed $ 300,080 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade the marae, creating 15 jobs. Ōwae or Manukorihi Marae features Te Ikaroa a Māui meeting house and is a marae of Te Āti Awa hapū of Manukorihi , Ngāti Rāhiri and Ngāti Te Whiti . In October 2020, the Government committed $ 360,002 to upgrade
2507-528: Is a smaller hospital but offers 24-hour emergency department, inpatient beds, maternity services, outpatients and community services. There are health centres in Waitara , Opunake , Patea , Mokau , Stratford and Urenui . St John Ambulance supplies all ambulance services to Taranaki, with their main station based Waiwhakaiho on the outskirts of New Plymouth. Throughout the region, they have six emergency ambulances, two rapid response vehicles (one crewed by
2616-584: Is based at its hangar at Taranaki Base Hospital. It serves as a critical service for missions relating to the region's mountain and steep inland hill country and marine areas. Notable sports teams from Taranaki include: Commonwealth gold Bowls, Brian Symes 7s,World, Commonwealth,Olympic gold medalists..Gayle Broughton & Mikalya Blyde. Silver Ferns, Ardean Harper, 39°18′S 174°8′E / 39.300°S 174.133°E / -39.300; 174.133 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot The 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot
2725-490: Is exceptionally fertile thanks to generous rainfall and rich volcanic soil. Dairy farming predominates, with Fonterra 's Whareroa milk factory just outside of Hāwera producing the largest volume of dairy ingredients from a single factory anywhere in the world. There are also oil and gas deposits in the region, both on- and off-shore. The Maui gas field off the south-west coast has provided most of New Zealand's gas supply and once supported two methanol plants, (one formerly
2834-783: Is home to the world’s largest milk production facility by annual volume, Fonterra’s Whareroa Plant near Hawera, which produces milk powder, butter, casein whey and cheese. The region also boasts the largest secondary cheese operation in Asia-Pacific as well as a high-tech lactose plant producing pharmaceutical lactose for the global medical industry and a speciality artisan cheese facility. Natural gas from Taranaki’s fields accounts for around 20% of New Zealand’s primary energy supply. It provides heat, energy and hot water supply for over 245,000 New Zealand households as well as more than 10,000 commercial users such as restaurants, hotels, greenhouses and hospitals. The single biggest user of natural gas
2943-618: Is in North Taranaki along with Inglewood and Waitara . South Taranaki towns include Hāwera , Manaia , Stratford , Eltham , and Ōpunake . Since 2005, Taranaki has used the promotional brand "Like no other". Taranaki is on the west coast of the North Island, surrounding the volcanic peak of Mount Taranaki. The region covers an area of 7258 km . Its large bays north-west and south-west of Cape Egmont are North Taranaki Bight and South Taranaki Bight . Mount Taranaki
3052-557: Is renowned for its world class engineering design and project management skills, which tackles on and off shore fabrication and construction. From 1853 the Taranaki region was governed as the Taranaki Province (initially known as the New Plymouth Province) until the abolition of New Zealand provinces in 1876. The leading office was that of the superintendent. The following is a list of superintendents of
3161-515: Is the second highest mountain in the North Island, and the dominant geographical feature of the region. A Māori legend says that Mount Taranaki previously lived with the Tongariro , Ngāuruhoe and Ruapehu mountains of the central North Island but fled to its current location after a battle with Tongariro. A near-perfect cone, it last erupted in the mid-18th century. The mountain and its immediate surrounds form Egmont National Park . Historically,
3270-554: The 2013 census , and an increase of 627 people (10.0%) since the 2006 census . There were 2,613 households, comprising 3,369 males and 3,543 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female, with 1,512 people (21.9%) aged under 15 years, 1,311 (19.0%) aged 15 to 29, 2,799 (40.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,296 (18.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 72.4% European/ Pākehā , 43.1% Māori , 3.5% Pacific peoples , 1.5% Asian , and 1.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
3379-573: The Battle of St. Lucia in December 1778. The regiment was then based in Antigua until June 1781 when it returned to Staten Island and then took part in the Battle of Groton Heights in September 1781: Major William Montgomery, commanding the regiment was killed in the assault. In August 1782, the regiment took a county title as the 40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot . The regiment embarked for home in November 1783. In January 1794
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3488-601: The Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 40th was linked with the 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) , and assigned to district no. 14 at Peninsula Barracks, Warrington . On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with
3597-709: The King Movement . Tension over land ownership continued to mount, leading to the outbreak of war at Waitara in March 1860. Although the pressure for the sale of the Waitara block resulted from the colonists' hunger for land in Taranaki, the greater issue fuelling the conflict was the Government's desire to impose British administration, law and civilisation on the Māori. The war was fought by more than 3,500 imperial troops brought in from Australia as well as volunteer soldiers and militia against Māori forces that fluctuated from
3706-501: The Local Government Amendment Act (No 3) 1988 . The council's headquarters were established in the central location of Stratford to "provide a good compromise in respect of overcoming traditional south vs north Taranaki community of interest conflicts" (Taranaki Regional Council, 2001 p. 6). Chairs Taranaki's landscape and the mountain's supposed resemblance to Mount Fuji led it to be selected as
3815-513: The Raid on Canso in May 1744. A flotilla containing 900 French regulars and militia. The four poorly supplied companies of Phillips' Regiment were forced to surrender. The town was destroyed and the prisoners sent to Louisbourg. Once the regiment's officers and men were paroled in September 1744, the regiment was evacuated to Boston where they provided valuable information on the defences of Louisbourg for
3924-705: The Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812, the Siege of Badajoz in March 1812 and the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812 as well as the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813. It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813, the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813 and the Battle of Orthez in February 1814 before also taking part Battle of Toulouse in April 1814. The regiment returned home in June 1814. In October 1814
4033-457: The Tasman Sea with northerly, westerly and southerly exposures, results in many excellent surfing and windsurfing locations, some of them considered world-class. Taranaki covers 7,254.50 km (2,800.98 sq mi) and has a population of 130,800 as of Statistics New Zealand's June 2024, 2.5 percent of New Zealand's population. It has a population density of 18 people per km . It is
4142-626: The Waikato . Some Te Āti Awa were taken to Waikato as prisoners and slaves, but most migrated to the Cook Strait area in pursuit of guns and goods from whalers and traders. Pākehā settlers who came to New Plymouth (founded in 1841) in the 1840s and 1850s viewed nearby Waitara as the most valuable of Taranaki's coastal lands because of its fertile soil and superior harbour. The New Zealand Company drew up plans for settlement from New Plymouth to beyond Waitara, and sold blocks to immigrants despite
4251-638: The West Indies in summer 1795 and took part in an attack on the French troops on Saint Vincent in September 1795. It moved to Saint-Domingue in July 1797 before returning home in December 1798. The regiment also took part in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland in August 1799 and fought at the Battle of Bergen in September 1799 and the Battle of Alkmaar in October 1799 before returning home in November 1799. The regiment also took part in
4360-500: The 1820s and 1830s, whalers targeted Southern right whales in the South Taranaki Bight . In March 1828 Richard "Dicky" Barrett (1807–47) set up a trading post at Ngamotu (present-day New Plymouth ). Barrett and his companions, who were armed with muskets and cannon, were welcomed by the Āti Awa tribe for assisting in their continuing wars with Waikato Māori. Following a bloody encounter at Ngamotu in 1832, most of
4469-417: The 1860–61 conflict as the army systematically took possession of Māori land by driving off the inhabitants, adopting a " scorched earth " strategy of laying waste to the villages and cultivations of Māori, whether warlike or otherwise. As the troops advanced, the Government built an expanding line of redoubts, behind which settlers built homes and developed farms. The effect was a creeping confiscation of almost
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4578-574: The 2000 Āti Awa living near Ngamotu, as well as Barrett, migrated south to the Kāpiti region and Marlborough . In late 1839 Barrett returned to Taranaki to act as a purchasing agent for the New Zealand Company , which had already begun on-selling the land to prospective settlers in England with the expectation of securing its title. Barrett claimed to have negotiated the purchase of an area extending from Mokau to Cape Egmont , and inland to
4687-696: The Army of Occupation until returning to England in April 1817. In 1823 the regiment was dispatched in small detachments in convict ships to New South Wales where it served at both Sydney , and Van Diemen's Land , where they participated in the Black War . It was then transferred to Bombay , with the first units of the 40th leaving Australia in 1828. While in India, the regiment was stationed in Belgaum and then Pune before moving to Bombay . In January 1839
4796-708: The Battle of Maharajpore in December 1843 during the Gwalior campaign . It returned to England in September 1845. The regiment returned to Australia in June 1852 and served in Victoria where it suppressed the Eureka Rebellion in December 1854. It also took part in the Taranaki and the Waikato campaigns in the early 1860s during the New Zealand Wars . The regiment arrived home in August 1866 but returned to India in September 1872. As part of
4905-639: The British siege the following year. Governor Shirley was having difficulty raising troops requested by Mascarene and therefore he ordered the ex-Canso garrison to Annapolis Royal. The Newfoundland Campaign started during August 1744. Captain Robert Young, of the 44-gun ship Kinsale , lying in St. John's, Newfoundland, received intelligence that five French ships were in the port of Fishotte and resolved on despatching an armed prize to attack them. The prize
5014-438: The British . The only other action seen by Phillips' Regiment occurred while serving as marines and seamen. A detachment from the garrison at St. John's, Newfoundland volunteered to serve on a captured twenty-gun ship for an expedition with three privateers to Fishotte Bay. The prize entered Fishotte Bay alone and engaged a number of anchored French ships. After five hours of fighting and the loss of ten killed and thirty wounded,
5123-412: The Government continue to this day. There are several different stories regarding the origin of the name Waitara . One is that it was originally Whai-tara – "path of the dart" – so named because Whare Matangi followed the path of a dart to find his father Ngarue. Another is that Turi named it from his wide stride when crossing the water of the river. Another is that Turi named it Waitarangia because
5232-483: The Missaguash River in August 1750 where he routed in the Battle at Chignecto a superior number of Indians under Le Loutre. That fall he built Fort Lawrence across the river where the following spring the French would build Fort Beausejour. In 1752 Peregrine Hopson succeeded Cornwallis as Nova Scotia's governor and colonel of the 40th Regiment. In poor health, Hopson returned to England in 1753 leaving
5341-406: The Pekapeka block, became the focal point of a dispute between the colonial government (chiefly representing settlers) and Māori over the right of individuals to sell land that Māori custom regarded as owned by the community. The dispute ultimately led to the outbreak of war in Waitara on 17 March 1860, when 500 troops began a bombardment of Kingi's Te Kohia pā, which had been built two days' prior. By
5450-696: The Province of Taranaki during this time: The Taranaki Regional Council was formed as part of major nationwide local government reforms in November 1989, for the purpose of integrated catchment management . The regional council was the successor to the Taranaki Catchment Board, the Taranaki United Council, the Taranaki Harbours Board, and 16 small special-purpose local bodies that were abolished under
5559-757: The Waitara Borough Council and Taranaki Harbours Board. In 1989 the land was transferred to the New Plymouth District Council , which in turn voted in March 2004 to sell it to the Government with the intention of it being passed to Te Āti Awa as part of the Waitangi Treaty settlement. That process was blocked by the High Court in November 2005 after a challenge by the Waitara Leaseholders Association. Association members, each of whom owns
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#17327829121625668-472: The Waitara River were driven from their farms. A year later 100 men, women and children sat in a surveyors' path to disrupt the surveying of land for sale. Between March and November 1848 Wiremu Kīngi , a Te Āti Awa chief who staunchly opposed the sale of land in the Waitara area, returned to the district from Waikanae with almost 600 men, women and children and some livestock to retake possession of
5777-399: The Waitara area, prompting spates of violence between those supporting and opposing land sales. In 1857 the issue came to a head with the offer for sale of land at Waitara and at Turangi, further to the north, by two individuals, Īhāia Te Kirikūmara and a minor chief, Pokikake Te Teira. Teira's 600-acre (240 hectare) Waitara block, located on the west side of the Waitara River and known as
5886-582: The West Indies. Prior to Father Rale's War , the Mi'kmaq responded to the establishment of a British fort at Canso, Nova Scotia by raiding the settlement's fishing station in 1720. Phillips sent a company of the 40th, under the command of Major Lawrence Armstrong , to take up garrison of a small fort in Canso built by a group of New England fishermen. The Mi'kmaq continued preying on nearby shipping, forcing
5995-553: The afternoon of 18 May 1905. Waitara took the lead early in the match, then New Plymouth scored three answered goals for a 3–1 victory. In its first season in the Taranaki Championship, the club won the Julian Cup. Waitara High School is the only secondary (years 9–13) school in Waitara with a roll of 415. The school celebrated 60 years in 2007. Manukorihi Intermediate is an intermediate (years 7–8) school with
6104-509: The area consisted of a narrow coastal plain covered by bracken , tutu , rewarewa and karaka trees, with anywhere not close to the coast covered in dense forest. Māori had called the mountain Taranaki for many centuries, and Captain James Cook gave it the English name of Egmont after the Earl of Egmont , the recently retired First Lord of the Admiralty who had encouraged his expedition. The mountain has two alternative official names, "Mount Taranaki" and "Mount Egmont". The region
6213-411: The assistance of the privateers (who did not get into the harbour in time), compelled the whole to surrender. The St. Philip had ten killed, and thirty wounded. The loss on board the French ships was more severe. The five vessels, which had on board 18,000 quintals of fish and eighty tons of oil, mounted together sixty-six guns, and carried 342 men. In July 1744, three hundred Indians under command of
6322-423: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 12,777 (12.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 56,931 (56.6%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 26,370 (26.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 38,400, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 9,930 people (9.9%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
6431-424: The coldness of the water affected his skin. Yet another is that it means "mountain stream". In 1867 the settlement was named Raleigh, after Sir Walter Raleigh . It reverted to its former name with the establishment of the borough of Waitara in 1904. Prior to European colonisation, Waitara lay on the main overland route between the Waikato and Taranaki districts. Vestiges of numerous pā on all strategic heights in
6540-461: The colonelcy of the regiment. By the Royal Warrant of 1 July 1751, Cornwallis' Regiment was given the numerical distinction of the 40th Regiment of Foot . Neglected for so many years by its former colonel, Cornwallis set about enhancing the condition of his new regiment. The companies in Newfoundland were rotated and discipline was improved. Desertion was poorly tolerated by Cornwallis. Of six deserters stationed at Fort Vieux Logis , two were shot and
6649-406: The colonies for the British regiment. The 40th was also actively engaged in Father Le Loutre's War . In July 1749, the grenadier company under Captain Handfield were sent to garrison the new settlement of Halifax founded the month earlier by the new Governor of Nova Scotia, Edward Cornwallis . A surprise attack by local Mi'kmaq in the Siege of Grand Pré resulted in the capture of a detachment of
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#17327829121626758-490: The command of John Handfield , the 40th were engaged in the Expulsion of the Acadians from Annapolis Royal. After such a long stay in the colony, a number of the officers had married into the local Acadian population. Therefore, the deportation order forced officers to exile their own relations. Even the commander of the garrison, Major Handfield, had to deport his wife's "sister-in-law, nephews and nieces, uncles, aunts, and cousins." Handfield wrote to another officer performing
6867-408: The company including Lieutenant Hamilton and Handfield's son. The captives were later returned to Halifax. Further engagements occurred with the Indians that year as the troops preserved the line of communication between Halifax and Annapolis Royal. Additional members of the regiment formed the garrison of Fort Sackville and established themselves at Fort Edward . By 1750 Cornwallis had taken over
6976-453: The district indicate close settlement and closely contested possession, just before and in early European times, by various tribes. Whalers and sealers , who had come from the northern hemisphere, gained help from and formed relationships with local Māori in the early 19th-century, but the area was largely vacated in the 1820s and 1830s following warfare between the resident Te Āti Awa iwi (tribe) and those of iwi from north Auckland down to
7085-472: The end of March, of the four kāinga in the Pekapeka block (Te Whanga, Kuikui, Hurirapa and Wherohia), only Hurirapa, the community led by Ihaia and Teira, remained. Imperial troops established Camp Waitara to the south of the Pekapeka block, at the former location of Pukekohe pā, which became the base of the 40th Regiment , and was one of the largest redoubts in the country. The war, in which 2,300 Imperial troops fought about 1,400 Māori, ran for 12 months before
7194-453: The enemy, this time three hundred regulars and militia with Indian support, reappeared outside the dilapidated earthworks of Annapolis Royal. After a four-week siege and lacking a train of artillery, the French withdrew from the defiant garrison. A force of six hundred French and Indians again attempted to take Annapolis in May 1745 . This demonstration ended quickly with the French and Mi'kmaq being ordered back to help defend Louisbourg from
7303-399: The expedition to the Mediterranean and fought at the Battle of Abukir and Battle of Alexandria in March 1801 and then returned to England in October 1801. The regiment was part of the force assembled for the invasions of the River Plate in September 1806 and took part in the attack on Battle of Montevideo in February 1807 before returning to England in December 1807. In July 1808
7412-445: The garrison at Annapolis, with an authorized complement of 450. Initially only seventy additional men were received. Recruitment efforts continued and Governor Shirley sent 206 recruits in February 1746. Despite the additional manpower the regiment remained under strength. It was at this time that Captain John Winslow first took command of a Philipp's regiment at Annapolis Royal, after being transferred from Newfoundland. In September
7521-438: The garrison to take action in February 1723. Serving as marines, the troops and local fishermen were able to disperse the attacking indigenous people. The next engagement came in July 1724 when a party of sixty Mi'kmaq attacked Annapolis Royal . The garrison responded with a poorly calculated sortie from the town's dilapidated fort, resulting in the death of a sergeant and private, the wounding of an officer and three privates, and
7630-429: The governing of the colony to Lawrence. In 1755 Hopson officially resigned as governor and Lawrence was appointed. However Hopson remained the colonel of the 40th Regiment until his death in 1759. (Afterward, for the first time since its formation, the regiment's colonel was not the governor of Nova Scotia. Hopson was succeeded as colonel in 1759 by John Barrington, followed by Robert Armiger in December 1760.) By 1755 it
7739-399: The heart of the initial dispute with Kingi was confiscated – therefore finding its way back into government control – on the basis that Kingi was at war, though the Waitangi Tribunal concluded there was no evidence he had engaged in hostilities after 1861. In 1884 the Government returned as "Native reserves" 103,000 hectares of the 526,000 hectares of Taranaki land it had confiscated, although
7848-557: The land remained in government control. By 1990 half of the "reserves" had been sold to Pākehā settlers by the Native Trustee without reference to Maori. The remainder was leased to settlers with Maori receiving only a "peppercorn" rental return. The Pekapeka Block – which had been the catalyst of the Taranaki Wars and, by extension, the policy of land confiscation – was divided up and given as endowments, or gifts, to
7957-429: The land. They established substantial cultivations of wheat, oats, maize and potatoes, selling it to settlers and also for export; his followers also laboured on settler farms. The Waitangi Tribunal noted that the group allegedly eventually owned 150 horses and up to 300 head of cattle. Despite Kingi's opposition however, payments were made by government agents secretly to Maori individuals for prospective sales of land in
8066-593: The largest in the country. There may be no others where as many Treaty breaches had equivalent force and effect over a comparable time. For the Taranaki hapu, conflict and struggle have been present since the first European settlement in 1841 ... Taranaki Maori were dispossessed of their land, leadership, means of livelihood, personal freedom, and social structure and values. As Maori, they were denied their rights of autonomy, and as British subjects, their civil rights were removed. For decades, they were subjected to sustained attacks on their property and persons." In its report,
8175-617: The location for The Last Samurai , a motion picture set in 19th-century Japan. The movie starred Tom Cruise . Taranaki has 20 fire stations scattered throughout the region. It includes one career (full time) brigade based at New Plymouth Central Fire Station and is staffed by two crews (8 firefighters) 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and responds, not only to the city, but to surrounding volunteer brigades in satellite towns if needed. New Plymouth has four fire appliances, including an aerial appliance and pump rescue truck, and three specialist vehicles. There are 17 volunteer and two rural brigades in
8284-440: The marae and another marae, creating 15 jobs. Waitara covers 6.09 km (2.35 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 7,680 as of June 2024, with a population density of 1,261 people per km. Before the 2023 census, the town had a smaller boundary, covering 5.66 km (2.19 sq mi). Using that boundary, Waitara had a population of 6,918 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 435 people (6.7%) since
8393-477: The prerequisites for peace, are similarly memorialised on the land and embedded in public consciousness that those names will cease to stand for conquest and the Waitara war will end." In November 1999 the New Zealand Government signed a Heads of Agreement with Te Āti Awa to settle its claims, a process that would provide financial compensation and an apology for the confiscation of land. Waitara has two marae. Kairau Marae features Te Hungaririki meeting house, and
8502-530: The process uneconomical at the time. Motunui has the two largest wooden structures in the southern hemisphere and they are only exceeded in size, anywhere in the world, by the Buddhist temple Tōdai-ji in Nara , Japan . The Motunui plant was closed in December 2004, and restarted in 2008. An onshore production facility for the Pohokura oilfield has been built immediately adjacent to it. The town continues to be
8611-435: The reef". Two large petrochemical plants are now the most important industrial activity in Waitara. The Waitara Valley plant is dedicated to production of methanol from natural gas (about 1500 tonnes per day). The Motunui plant, originally designed to produce synthetic petrol from methanol was modified to produce chemical grade methanol for export. The high cost of synthetic petrol production and low market prices made
8720-556: The regiment embarked for Barbados for service in the French Revolutionary Wars and took part in the capture of Martinique in March 1794 and the attack on Guadeloupe in April 1794: some members of the regiment became prisoners of war and were held on the island for over a year. The rest of the regiment returned home and in June 1794 embarked for Ostend : the regiment was not significantly engaged and returned home again in April 1795. The regiment returned to
8829-543: The regiment embarked for Portugal , as part of Sir Arthur Wellesley 's army, for service in the Peninsular War . It fought at the Battle of Roliça in August 1808, the Battle of Vimeiro later that month and the Battle of Talavera in July 1809. The regiment also took part in the Battle of Bussaco in September 1810 and then fell back to the Lines of Torres Vedras in October 1810. The regiment later took part in
8938-508: The regiment participated in the second siege of Louisbourg. Some companies of the regiment participated in the Louisbourg Grenadiers on its formation in 1759. The following year, the regiment took part in the successful three pronged attack against Montréal in September which concluded the war there. The regiment moved to Barbados in December 1761 and then took part in the Battle of Havana in June 1762. In June 1763
9047-531: The regiment rotated out of Havana to Annapolis Royal where it served until 1767 when it was transferred to Ireland . This would be the first time in its 48-year history that the British regiment would serve on British soil. The regiment landed in Boston for service in the American Revolutionary War in June 1775. It was evacuated from Boston in March 1776 and went to Halifax from where
9156-651: The regiment was sent to New Orleans for service in the War of 1812 but recalled upon the ending of that conflict in March 1815. In May 1815 the regiment was rushed to join with Wellington's army just before the Battle of Waterloo commenced. Initially placed in reserve, they were later in the day moved to the centre of his line to a position near La Haye Sainte . They held firm all day and helped drive off Napoleon 's final massed infantry attack, ultimately losing 170 killed or wounded, including their commanding officer Major Arthur Rowley Heyland. The regiment then formed part of
9265-712: The regiment was sent to the Sindh and took part in the capture of Karachi . The regiment camped at Quetta on their way to Afghanistan where they experienced one of the worst out breaks of disease of any regiment of the British Army. It arrived in Kandahar in October 1841 and then fought under General William Nott at the Battle of Kabul in August 1842 during the First Anglo-Afghan War . The regiment returned to India in December 1842 and fought at
9374-461: The region. Taranaki Base Hospital in New Plymouth is the region's largest hospital. It has a 24-hour emergency department, wards for older people's health, rehabilitation, children and young people/pediatrics, general surgery and urology, orthopedics and surgical specialties, general medicine and maternity and provides community services. It's currently undergoing a multi-million dollar development to expand its services. Hawera Hospital, one hour south,
9483-476: The region’s GDP in 2019. Taranaki has had the highest GDP per capita from 2007 onward except in 2017 when Wellington was higher. In the 2019–20 season, there were 468,000 milking cows in Taranaki, 9.5% of the country's total herd. The cows produced 185,320 tonnes of milk solids, worth $ 1,334 million at the national average farmgate price ($ 7.20 per kg). The Dairy Farming industry is the largest employer in Taranaki, comprising 5 per cent of all employees. The region
9592-503: The repulse of the troops. After some pillaging, the Mi'kmaq departed with a number of civilian prisoners. From 1717 to 1743, Phillips' Regiment, garrisoning Annapolis, Placentia, and Canso, was successful in protecting settlers from Indian attacks, checking French influence in the area, and preserving the British foothold in Atlantic Canada. At the outbreak of King George's War , the French at Louisbourg immediately engaged in
9701-399: The rest reprieved. Three other deserters were hanged and their bodies suspended in chains as a warning to others. Further changes happened in the 40th with Cornwallis' appointment of Major Charles Lawrence of the 45th to the regiment's lieutenant colonelcy. Lawrence proved to be an energetic and effective military and administrative leader. After his appointment, Lawrence lead an expedition to
9810-405: The river has a bar at its entrance which can only be crossed at high tide. With the development of a breakwater at the port in New Plymouth, and the railway to New Plymouth the Waitara port quickly became unimportant. Construction of a railway line between Waitara and New Plymouth began in August 1873. By the time the line opened on 14 October 1875, the town had a harbour board, two printing houses,
9919-588: The same task: "I heartily join with you in wishing that we were both of us got over this most disagreeable and troublesome part of the Service." In 1757, after forty years in Annapolis Royal, the town where the regiment had been raised, 43rd relieved the 40th where it then went to Halifax to prepare for service in the Seven Years' War. In 1758, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel John Handfield,
10028-403: The ship had captured three fourteen-gun and two twelve-gun enemy ships; forty six of their crews were killed and three hundred and thirty two made prisoner. The lagging privateers entered the harbour and assisted in the destruction of French fishing stages and the removal of enemy ships and prisoners. By the end of the war Phillips' Regiment, after defending Britain's foothold in Nova Scotia with
10137-414: The site, and has become one of the major employers in the township. Although the freezing works had been the economic backbone of Waitara, for over 75 years the plants had discharged blood, waste and effluent from the slaughter houses, chains and tanneries directly into the Waitara River, less than 3 km from the sea, well within the tidal zone. Even after an ocean outfall was built in collaboration with
10246-406: The tenth most populous region of New Zealand . Taranaki Region had a population of 126,015 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 8,454 people (7.2%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 16,407 people (15.0%) since the 2013 census . There were 62,184 males, 63,405 females and 429 people of other genders in 48,606 dwellings. 2.6% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age
10355-401: The town council's sewerage system, at Waitangi Tribunal hearings in Waitara, local Maori gave evidence that they had "…historic associations with the coastline in this area and depend upon the sea resources to provide them with the diet to which they have been accustomed for many centuries…..thus the contamination of one reef would deprive hapu which customarily was entitled to the sea food from
10464-513: The town. The shutdown followed the closure of a Swanndri clothing factory, a small-scale but locally significant Subaru car assembly plant and a wool scouring plant. The number of registered unemployed in the town rose from 700 to 1000, helping to boost the unemployment rate for the Taranaki region, which includes New Plymouth and Waitara, to 9.8 percent, compared with the national average of 6.7 percent. The loss of jobs affected Maori workers disproportionately because they were heavily represented in
10573-438: The tribunal observed that to the offence of local Maori, many street names in Waitara honoured the architects of the illegal land confiscation, including chief crown purchasing agent Donald McLean , Land Purchase Commissioner Robert Parris, Governor Thomas Gore Browne and military officers Charles Emilius Gold and Peter Cracroft. It said: "It is our view that name changes are needed. It is when leaders like Kingi, who understood
10682-560: The upper reaches of the Whanganui River including Mt Taranaki . A later deed of sale included New Plymouth and all the coastal lands of North Taranaki, including Waitara . European settlement at New Plymouth began with the arrival of the William Bryan in March 1841. European expansion beyond New Plymouth, however, was prevented by Māori opposition to selling their land, a sentiment that deepened as links strengthened with
10791-407: The work's labour force. Maori were 3.4 times more likely than non-Maori to be living in a "deprived" situation. After the closure, the majority of buildings making up the Waitara freezing works were demolished, significantly changing the townscape (the area on the right on the far side of the river in the image of Waitara below, was the site of the freezing works). ANZCO Foods Group subsequently built
10900-566: Was 40.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 25,428 people (20.2%) aged under 15 years, 20,625 (16.4%) aged 15 to 29, 55,932 (44.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 24,033 (19.1%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 83.6% European ( Pākehā ); 21.8% Māori ; 2.6% Pasifika ; 5.7% Asian ; 0.8% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
11009-560: Was 6.3, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.9% had no religion, 30.4% were Christian , 2.0% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.2% were Hindu , 0.1% were Muslim , 0.2% were Buddhist and 1.4% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 342 (6.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,821 (33.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 339 people (6.3%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
11118-867: Was an infantry regiment of the British Army , raised in 1717 in Annapolis Royal , Nova Scotia . Under the Childers Reforms it amalgamated with the 82nd Regiment of Foot (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) to form the Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) in 1881. The regiment was raised at Annapolis Royal in Nova Scotia by General Richard Philipps as the Richard Philipps's Regiment of Foot in August 1717 out of independent companies stationed in North America and
11227-462: Was decided that the recently erected French Fort Beausejour had to be removed as a threat. The English force, including members of the 40th Regiment, was met by a large body of regulars and militia as they crossed the Missaquash river. This enemy force was attacked and dispersed quickly. Beausejour was subsequently laid siege to on 21 June and it surrendered four days later. Also in 1755, under
11336-475: Was estimated at NZ$ 9.51 billion in the year to March 2020, 2.94% of New Zealand's national GDP. The regional GDP per capita was estimated at $ 76,715 in the same period, the highest in New Zealand. Taranaki’s economy is centred around dairy farming , hydrocarbon exploration , and manufacturing (including agricultural and energy based manufacturing) with these industries making up approximately 40 percent of
11445-440: Was featured in a reality documentary-series Taranaki Hard . Howie Tamati Taranaki Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand 's North Island . It is named after its main geographical feature, the stratovolcano Mount Taranaki , also known as Mount Egmont. The main centre is the city of New Plymouth . The New Plymouth District is home to more than 65 per cent of the population of Taranaki. New Plymouth
11554-577: Was named the St. Philip , and was manned by eighty men of the Kinsale ' s crew, and commanded by one of her lieutenants, and accompanied by three 10-gun colonial privateers. The St. Philip succeeded, after grounding several times, in reaching the Moderate , of twelve guns and seventy-five men, which was boarded and carried ; then turning the Moderate ' s guns against the remaining ships, without
11663-773: Was spoken by 97.4%, Māori language by 4.5%, Samoan by 0.4% and other languages by 6.7%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 14.9, compared with 28.8% nationally. The region has had a strong Māori presence for centuries. The local iwi ( tribes ) include Ngāti Mutunga , Ngāti Maru , Ngāti Ruanui , Taranaki , Te Āti Awa , Ngā Rauru , Ngāruahinerangi and Ngāti Tama . Religious affiliations were 30.9% Christian , 0.9% Hindu , 0.5% Islam , 0.9% Māori religious beliefs , 0.4% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 56.3%, and 8.6% of people did not answer
11772-466: Was that 2,298 (42.5%) people were employed full-time, 657 (12.2%) were part-time, and 351 (6.5%) were unemployed. The first port in Taranaki to engage in international trade was Waitara, in 1823, when the barque William Stoveld anchored in the river mouth and traded with Māori. With the establishment of the freezing works in 1872 the river port became even more important to the Province . However
11881-513: Was that 48,906 (48.6%) people were employed full-time, 14,724 (14.6%) were part-time, and 2,634 (2.6%) were unemployed. Just under half the residents live in New Plymouth , with Hāwera being the next most populous town in the region. The area became home to a number of Māori tribes from the 13th century. From about 1823 the Māori began having contact with European whalers as well as traders who arrived by schooner to buy flax . Around
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