Misplaced Pages

#331668

87-590: Kakinada ( listen ; formerly known as Cocanada ) is a port city and municipal corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . Situated along the Bay of Bengal , it serves as the headquarters of Kakinada district and is a significant economic and cultural centre in the region. It is the sixth most populous city in the state and is recognised as one of the most liveable and cleanest cities in India among those with

174-473: A consortium of GAIL and Hindustan Petroleum . Kakinada Beach Festival (also Sagara Sambaralu) is a music festival held in Kakinada. It was declared as an annual festival by the government of Andhra Pradesh in 2012. It is a three-day event where many artists perform. Kakinada has made notable contributions to Telugu cinema (Tollywood) with several prominent actors, actresses, and filmmakers hailing from

261-503: A lighthouse to support maritime activities. These improvements bolstered trade and communication in the region. Kakinada was established as a municipality in 1866, reflecting its growing importance. The European Chamber of Commerce, founded in 1868, represented European firms, while the native Chamber of Commerce worked alongside it to promote trade. The local economy thrived on exports of cotton, gingelly oil seeds, sugar, and rice, while imports included iron and copper. The town also became

348-632: A 350-MW expansion have been requested. A 220-MW power station (being expanded to 2400 MW at a cost of Rs 100 billion) owned by Reliance Energy and a 464-MW combined-cycle power plant by GVK Group are in operation at Samalkota (Kakinada Rural). These plants supply electricity to the state's transmission utility, AP Transco, under a power purchase agreement . Kakinada is the base for Oil and Natural Gas Corporation 's Eastern Offshore Asset. Several oil companies use Kakinada for oil and gasoline shipments. Baker Hughes and Schlumberger are field-development companies working on offshore natural-gas fields near

435-479: A Dutch settlement. Another theory links the name to Kakulavada , meaning "abode of crows," referencing the birds that were often seen catching fish along the shore. A third theory associates it with Kakasura, a mythological figure from the Ramayana . Additionally, some believe the name was derived from Kakichika, an ancient ruler of Vengi region. During British rule, the city was known as "Cocanada." Some believe

522-445: A base for a thriving oil and gas industry for the state of Andhra Pradesh are established at Kakinada. Coconuts are exported by several companies in and around Kakinada. The Murugappa Group-owned EID Parry (India) and Cargill International joint venture, Silk Road Sugars, has a port-based stand-alone sugar refinery in Kakinada with a capacity of 600,000 tonnes., In 2002, several edible-oil refineries were established in Kakinada, with

609-539: A branch of the Godavari River, flows into the Bay of Bengal near the city. Kakinada experiences a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen : Aw) , characterized by hot and humid conditions throughout most of the year. The hottest period occurs in late May and early June, with maximum temperatures ranging from 38°C to 42°C (100°F to 108°F). January is the coolest month, with minimum temperatures of 18°C to 20°C (64°F to 68°F). The city receives most of its rainfall during

696-485: A centre for publications, including the Cocanada Advertiser , a mercantile newspaper, and Suddhiranjani , a Telugu weekly . The Pithapuram zamindar established a middle school in 1852, which was elevated to a second-grade college in 1884, becoming Pithapur Rajah's College . It soon emerged as a prominent educational institution. By 1871, Kakinada's population reached 17,839, with Hindus making up 94% of

783-461: A centre for the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations. A smart port uses technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) to be more efficient at handling goods. Smart ports usually deploy cloud-based software as part of the process of greater automation to help generate the operating flow that helps the port work smoothly. At present, most of

870-610: A crucial role in the Battle of Salamis against the Persians in 480 BCE. In ancient India from 3700 BCE, Lothal was a prominent city of the Indus valley civilisation, located in the Bhal region of the modern state of Gujarāt . Ostia Antica was the port of ancient Rome with Portus established by Claudius and enlarged by Trajan to supplement the nearby port of Ostia. In Japan, during

957-632: A deep-water port, playing a crucial role in exporting seafood and agricultural products. Kakinada is also an educational hub, hosting institutions such as Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Rangaraya Medical College , and the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) campus. Nearby attractions include Hope Island , which protects the city from cyclones and tsunamis, and the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary , home to vast mangrove forests . Kakinada also serves as

SECTION 10

#1732776250332

1044-904: A fishing port to be uneconomical. A marina is a port for recreational boating. A warm-water port (also known as an ice-free port) is one where the water does not freeze in winter. This is mainly used in the context of countries with mostly cold winters where parts of the coastline freezes over every winter. Because they are available year-round, warm-water ports can be of great geopolitical or economic interest . Such settlements as Narvik in Norway , Dalian in China , Murmansk , Novorossiysk , Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Vostochny Port in Russia , Odesa in Ukraine , Kushiro in Japan and Valdez at

1131-586: A gateway to the picturesque Konaseema region. Designated as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission , Kakinada continues to develop as a modern urban centre. The name "Kakinada" has multiple theories regarding its origin. One theory suggests that it is derived from the Telugu word Koka or Coca , which refers to saree products that were stored and exported by the Dutch when the city served as

1218-587: A name derived from the nearby port of Coringa , which was a key migration point in Andhra. Kakinada's economy is driven by industries such as fertilizer production, natural gas extraction, edible oil refineries, and food processing. It is also a growing hub for information technology and power generation. Kakinada plays a vital role in the Krishna-Godavari Basin as a key centre for petrochemical companies. The city features both an anchorage port and

1305-495: A population of 443,028, with 222,461 males and 220,567 females. The Kakinada Urban Agglomeration also had a population of 443,028, comprising 217,459 males and 225,569 females, including the city's outgrowths. Kakinada ranks as the 115th largest city in India by population and is one of the fastest-growing cities in Andhra Pradesh. Kakinada Municipal Corporation covers an area of 16.63 km (6.42 sq mi), while

1392-647: A population under one million. Nicknamed the "Pensioners' Paradise," Kakinada is known for its well-planned layout and modern infrastructure. Historically, Kakinada was the most populous city in Andhra by the 1891 Indian census, a distinction it largely held until 1931. During British rule , it was the starting point of the Buckingham Canal . The city is culturally famous for its Kakinada Kaja sweet, and has produced several notable Telugu film personalities. Historically, all Telugu people in countries like Burma and Malaysia were referred to as "Coranghees,"

1479-711: A port or nearby. Modern ports will have specialised cargo -handling equipment, such as gantry cranes , reach stackers and forklift trucks . Ports usually have specialised functions: some tend to cater mainly for passenger ferries and cruise ships ; some specialise in container traffic or general cargo; and some ports play an important military role for their nation's navy. Some third world countries and small islands such as Ascension and St Helena still have limited port facilities, so that ships must anchor off while their cargo and passengers are taken ashore by barge or launch (respectively). In modern times, ports survive or decline, depending on current economic trends. In

1566-615: A refining capacity of 3,000 tons per day; they include Acalmar Oils and Fats (taken over by Adani Wilmar), Ruchi Infrastructure and Nikhil Refineries. The port facilitates the importation of crude palm and soybean oil. Vakalapudi Industrial Park has attracted over $ 10 million in investment from biodiesel companies such as Reliance Industries, Natural Bioenergy and Universal Bio Fuel. Andhra Pradesh has entered into an agreement with Reliance Industries for jatropha planting . The company selected 200 acres (81 ha) of land in Kakinada to grow jatropha for quality biodiesel fuel. Kakinada

1653-517: A sea rise caused vessels to drift as far inland as Rajahmundry . Coringa also suffered significant damage from various storms, including a devastating storm in 1789 that claimed 20,000 lives, and another in May 1832 that further damaged the area. The most catastrophic of these was the cyclone of 25 November 1839, which had a storm surge estimated at 40 feet. This cyclone completely destroyed the port and around 20,000 vessels killing over 300,000 people across

1740-471: A sea rise caused vessels to drift inland as far as Rajahmundry . The town suffered significant damage from several cyclones, including the Great Coringa Cyclone of 1789, which claimed 20,000 lives, and a further storm in May 1832. The most devastating was the cyclone of 25 November 1839, with a 40-foot storm surge that obliterated Coringa’s port and destroyed over 20,000 ships. The event

1827-424: A ship on its sailing itinerary. At these ports, cargo ships may take on supplies or fuel, as well as unloading and loading cargo while cruise liners have passengers get on or off ship. A fishing port is a port or harbor for landing and distributing fish. It may be a recreational facility, but it is usually commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and depletion of fish may cause

SECTION 20

#1732776250332

1914-516: A ship to sail from the ocean inland to the port to load or unload its cargo. An example of this is the St. Lawrence Seaway which allows ships to travel from the Atlantic Ocean several thousand kilometers inland to Great Lakes ports like Toronto , Duluth-Superior , and Chicago . The term inland port is also used for dry ports . A seaport is a port located on the shore of a sea or ocean. It

2001-502: A small semi-automated container port (with links to the Port of Felixstowe , the UK's largest container port) thrived for some years, but has been hit hard by competition from the emergent London Gateway port and logistics hub. In mainland Europe, it is normal for ports to be publicly owned, so that, for instance, the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam are owned partly by the state and partly by

2088-665: A third of the world's shipping containers , half of the world's annual supply of crude oil , and is the world's busiest transshipment port . Europe's busiest container port and biggest port by cargo tonnage by far is the Port of Rotterdam , in the Netherlands. It is followed by the Belgian Port of Antwerp or the German Port of Hamburg , depending on which metric is used. In turn, the Spanish Port of Valencia

2175-623: A wide environmental impact on local ecologies and waterways, most importantly water quality, which can be caused by dredging, spills and other pollution . Ports are heavily affected by changing environmental factors caused by climate change as most port infrastructure is extremely vulnerable to sea level rise and coastal flooding . Internationally, global ports are beginning to identify ways to improve coastal management practices and integrate climate change adaptation practices into their construction. Wherever ancient civilisations engaged in maritime trade, they tended to develop sea ports. One of

2262-522: A writer. Bolloju Baba , a contemporary poet and historian residing in Kakinada, has further enriched the region's literary heritage. He has authored 11 books, six of which focus on literature and the remaining on history. His works include Ancient Cities of East Godavari and Yanam under French Colonial Rule , which highlight the historical and cultural significance of the region. The city has various modes of transport in terms of road, rail and sea. Previously private city buses and rickshaws used to dominate

2349-463: Is a tier-II city. Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) established a facility here in 2007. Since then, several IT companies have come up in the city, mainly due to its educated workforce available in the city. Nearly, 35 Software and IT companies are operating from Kakinada, including Krify, Avineon, Cyient . An IT Association by the name "Godavari IT Association of East and West Godavari districts" (GITA) which an association of IT companies in

2436-506: Is connected by road to the rest of the state and other cities of India by means of National Highways . National Highway 216 which stretches from Kathipudi to Ongole passes through Kakinada. The bypass road is under construction which reduces the traffic in the city It is a well planned city with Grid type Road network. The city has a total road length of 719.21 km.state highway 42 connects Kakinada with other cities. ADB Road and Canal Road connects Kakinada with Rajamahendravaram. Government

2523-404: Is further categorized as commercial and non-commercial: Cargo ports are quite different from cruise ports, because each handles very different cargo, which has to be loaded and unloaded by a variety of mechanical means. Bulk cargo ports may handle one particular type of cargo or numerous cargoes, such as grains, liquid fuels, liquid chemicals, wood, automobiles, etc. Such ports are known as

2610-609: Is going to construct a new national highway to Tuni along coast under Sagaramala scheme. Kakinada Town and Kakinada Port are the two railway stations serving the rail needs of the city. Kakinada Town is classified as an A–category station in Vijayawada railway division . It is recognised as one of the Adarsh stations of the division in South Coast Railway zone . SCR operates its carriage and Wagon depot which

2697-688: Is often lower because of both direct and indirect pollution from the shipping, and other challenges caused by the port's community, such as trash washing into the ocean. Sewage from ships, and leaks of oil and chemicals from shipping vessels can contaminate local water, and cause other effects like nutrient pollution in the water. Ports and their infrastructure are very vulnerable to climate change and sea level rise, because many of them are in low-lying areas designed for status quo water levels. Variable weather, coastal erosion, and sea level rise all put pressure on existing infrastructure, resulting in subsidence , coastal flooding and other direct pressures on

Kakinada - Misplaced Pages Continue

2784-411: Is one of the medium-sized depots in Vijayawada division . It's the second station after Vijayawada Junction railway station to have Intermediate Overhauling IOH shed for all types of coaches. Port Ports are extremely important to the global economy; 70% of global merchandise trade by value passes through a port. For this reason, ports are also often densely populated settlements that provide

2871-722: Is the busiest port in the Mediterranean basin, while the Portuguese Port of Sines is the busiest atlantic port. The Port of Trieste , Italy , is the main port of the northern Adriatic and starting point of the Transalpine Pipeline . The largest ports include the Port of South Louisiana , a vast sprawling port centered in the New Orleans area, Houston , Port of New York/New Jersey , Los Angeles in

2958-512: Is the largest port in the world in both cargo tonnage and activity. It regained its position as the world's busiest port by cargo tonnage and the world's busiest container port in 2009 and 2010, respectively. It is followed by the ports of Singapore , Hong Kong and Kaohsiung , Taiwan , all of which are in East and Southeast Asia . The port of Singapore is the world's second-busiest port in terms of total shipping tonnage, it also transships

3045-401: Is the port where cruise ship passengers board (or embark ) to start their cruise and disembark the cruise ship at the end of their cruise. It is also where the cruise ship's supplies are loaded for the cruise, which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to fruits, vegetables, champagne, and any other supplies needed for the cruise. "Cruise home ports" are very busy places during the day

3132-464: Is when a native species with no natural predator is all of a sudden prey of an invasive specie. Indirect interaction can be diseases or other health conditions brought by invasive species. Ports are also a source of increased air pollution as a result of ships and land transportation at the port. Transportation corridors around ports have higher exhaust emissions and this can have related health effects on local communities. Water quality around ports

3219-534: The All India Congress Committee (AICC) meeting from December 28 to January 1, 1924. The event became notable for a controversy over the rendition of Vande Mataram , which highlighted religious sensitivities of the time. During World War II , on April 6, 1942, Kakinada was targeted by a Japanese air raid. A single aircraft attacked the port, damaging two ships and causing casualties, including one death and five injuries. This marked one of

3306-439: The Bay of Bengal in the 18th and 19th century. It hosted thousands of ships annually, with a large population. However, two devastating cyclones, one in 1789 and another in 1839, caused significant damage, leading to its decline. Historically, Coringa was a key migration point, with people from various parts of Andhra travelling through its seaport to countries like Burma and Malaysia , where they were called "Coranghees," after

3393-675: The Edo period , the island of Dejima was the only port open for trade with Europe and received only a single Dutch ship per year, whereas Osaka was the largest domestic port and the main trade hub for rice. Post-classical Swahili kingdoms are known to have had trade port islands and trade routes with the Islamic world and Asia. They were described by Greek historians as "metropolises". Famous African trade ports such as Mombasa , Zanzibar , Mogadishu and Kilwa were known to Chinese sailors such as Zheng He and medieval Islamic historians such as

3480-640: The London Gateway . Ideally, a port will grant easy navigation to ships, and will give shelter from wind and waves. Ports are often on estuaries, where the water may be shallow and may need regular dredging . Deep water ports such as Milford Haven are less common, but can handle larger ships with a greater draft, such as super tankers , Post-Panamax vessels and large container ships . Other businesses such as regional distribution centres , warehouses and freight-forwarders, canneries and other processing facilities find it advantageous to be located within

3567-680: The Nizam's Dominions . Local industries, such as rice mills, cheroot factories, and salt works, supported by companies like Simson & Co. and Innes & Co., contributed to the town's economic growth. But, its economy remained primarily focused on shipping. The port’s exports included cotton (to the UK , France , and Belgium ), oilseeds (to France and the UK), rice (to Sri Lanka and Mauritius ), and tobacco (to Rangoon), while imports included cotton goods, gunny bags, rice, and kerosene. In 1923, Kakinada hosted

Kakinada - Misplaced Pages Continue

3654-522: The Port of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Coringa, Kakinada district Coringa , also known as Korangi , is a coastal village in Kakinada district , Andhra Pradesh , India. It consists of the village and the adjacent Hope Island , which was named by British officials in the hope that it would be protected from environmental disasters. Once a thriving port city, Coringa was a trade hub on

3741-436: The estuary rendered the port inaccessible to large ships, and by 1905, shipbuilding activities ceased, leading to the eventual closure of the port. With the silting of Coringa Bay, Kakinada, then known as Cocanada, emerged as a prominent port, replacing Coringa . Its strategic location and growing exports established it as a significant trade centre in the 19th century. Regular steamer services, initiated in 1858-59, connected

3828-529: The urban agglomeration extends over an area of 40.36 km (15.58 sq mi). The urban agglomeration includes the Kakinada Municipal Corporation, census towns such as Chidiga, Ramanayyapeta , and Suryaraopeta , as well as the outgrowths of Ganganapalle, Sarpavaram, Vakalapudi, and Turangi. Kakinada's economy primarily relies on industry, agriculture, and fishing. Key agricultural products include paddy and coconut, while

3915-468: The "bulk" or "break bulk ports". Ports that handle containerized cargo are known as container ports . Most cargo ports handle all sorts of cargo, but some ports are very specific as to what cargo they handle. Additionally, individual cargo ports may be divided into different operating terminals which handle the different types of cargoes, and may be operated by different companies, also known as terminal operators, or stevedores . A cruise home port

4002-814: The Berber Islamic voyager Abu Abdullah ibn Battuta . Many of these ancient sites no longer exist or function as modern ports. Even in more recent times, ports sometimes fall out of use. Rye, East Sussex , was an important English port in the Middle Ages, but the coastline changed and it is now 2 miles (3.2 km) from the sea, while the ports of Ravenspurn and Dunwich have been lost to coastal erosion . Whereas early ports tended to be just simple harbours, modern ports tend to be multimodal distribution hubs , with transport links using sea, river, canal, road, rail and air routes. Successful ports are located to optimize access to an active hinterland , such as

4089-415: The Netherlands. Ports with international traffic have customs facilities. The terms "port" and "seaport" are used for different types of facilities handling ocean-going vessels, and river port is used for river traffic, such as barges and other shallow-draft vessels. An inland port is a port on a navigable lake, river ( fluvial port), or canal with access to a sea or ocean, which therefore allows

4176-1149: The U.S., Manzanillo in Mexico and Vancouver in Canada. Panama also has the Panama Canal that connects the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, and is a key conduit for international trade. The largest port in Oceania is the Port of Melbourne . According to ECLAC 's "Maritime and Logistics Profile of Latin America and the Caribbean", the largest ports in South America are the Port of Santos in Brazil, Cartagena in Colombia, Callao in Peru, Guayaquil in Ecuador, and

4263-488: The UK, both the ports of Liverpool and Southampton were once significant in the transatlantic passenger liner business. Once airliner traffic decimated that trade, both ports diversified to container cargo and cruise ships. Up until the 1950s the Port of London was a major international port on the River Thames , but changes in shipping and the use of containers and larger ships have led to its decline. Thamesport ,

4350-745: The VOC for the construction of a trading lodge. It was ceded to the British in 1825. In 1759, the British established a shipbuilding and repair facility in the area, which came to be known as Coringa Town, located on the Coringa River , a branch of the Godavari River . The town soon became a significant seaport and shipbuilding hub on the Coromandel Coast . In 1802, a dock was constructed to repair Royal Navy and other vessels, becoming

4437-533: The cities themselves. Even though modern ships tend to have bow-thrusters and stern-thrusters, many port authorities still require vessels to use pilots and tugboats for manoeuvering large ships in tight quarters. For instance, ships approaching the Belgian port of Antwerp , an inland port on the River Scheldt , are obliged to use Dutch pilots when navigating on that part of the estuary that belongs to

SECTION 50

#1732776250332

4524-603: The city was officially renamed Kakinada. During the Dutch colonization of the east coast of India, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) established a trading post in the area known as Jaggernaickpuram (variously spelled), in present-day Kakinada. On 25 September 1734, Haji Muhammad Hussain, the Nawab of Rajamundry, granted a parwana and kaul to the Dutch, officially transferring the hamlet of "Jagernaykpalam" to

4611-417: The city's pivotal role in advancing Telugu linguistic studies. Kasibhatta Brahmaiah Sastry (1863–1940), a notable Sanskrit and Telugu scholar, was among the eminent figures in Kakinada's literary landscape. Another celebrated personality, Garikapati Narasimha Rao , earned the title Maha Sahasravadhani for performing one thousand Avadhanam feats, a challenging Telugu poetry competition. He also authored

4698-406: The city. Among the notable figures are Anjali Devi , Suryakantham , Relangi , Rao Gopal Rao , Chitti Babu , P. Adinarayana Rao , C. Pullayya , P. B. Sreenivas , C. S. Rao , Krishna Bhagawan , Gunnam Gangaraju , Goutham Raju , Ohmkar , Anchor Syamala, and singer Anjana Sowmya. In addition to its contributions to cinema, Kakinada is also the hometown of Indian cricketer Hanuma Vihari and

4785-521: The city. The Krishna Godavari Basin is considered the largest natural gas basin in India. Significant discoveries of oil and natural gas were made by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation and Reliance , which has been extracting gas from its KG D6 block off the Kakinada coast. Reliance has an onshore terminal in Gadimoga, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Kakinada, to process and distribute gas to other parts of

4872-485: The coast, makes Kakinada Port a natural harbour. It is home to two ports namely, an Anchorage port and a Deep-water port (and also third port is going to be constructed in KSEZ which will be Greenfield Seaport ). Kakinada's deep-water port is the second-largest in the state (after Visakhapatnam port) and the first in the country to be built in a public-private partnership , in 1996 It is operated by Kakinada Seaports. Before

4959-559: The country. Reliance Gas Transportation Infrastructure (RGTIL) has built a 1,440-kilometre (890 mi) pipeline from Kakinada to Bharuch (Gujarat) to transport 120 million cubic meters per day (mcmd) of natural gas from the Krishna-Godavari fields (owned by Reliance Industries) across India to its west coast. In 2010, the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board awarded Kakinada's gas-distribution project to Bhagyanagar Gas,

5046-413: The cruise ship is in port, because off-going passengers debark their baggage and on-coming passengers board the ship in addition to all the supplies being loaded. Cruise home ports tend to have large passenger terminals to handle the large number of passengers passing through the port. The busiest cruise home port in the world is the Port of Miami , Florida . A port of call is an intermediate stop for

5133-540: The deep-water port was built, the Anchorage port was the largest of India's 40 minor ports. Kakinada's principal exports include seafood ( Prawns , Shrimp , Fish ) and related products, agricultural products (including rice and corn), oilmeals, processed food products, chemicals, iron ore, bauxite powder and biofuel. Imports include chemicals, edible oils and agricultural products (including wheat and sugar). A number of industries and edible oil refineries, and serves as

5220-621: The earliest Japanese air raids on India's eastern coast during the war. In 1823, during British rule, the District of Rajahmundry was created within the Madras Presidency . In 1859, it was reorganized, leading to the creation of the Godavari and Krishna districts. Rajahmundry served as the headquarters of Godavari district until 1925, when the district was bifurcated into East Godavari and West Godavari districts. Kakinada became

5307-494: The epic poem Sagaraghosha , adding to his reputation as a literary luminary. Modern contributions to Telugu literature include Ryali Prasad, a poet, short story writer, and historian. He authored 32 epic poems and historical works, delving into various subjects, including the history of Kakinada. His notable works include Kakinada Charitra , a comprehensive history of the city. Prasad was also skilled in performing Telugu Avadhanam in free verse poetry, exemplifying his versatility as

SECTION 60

#1732776250332

5394-680: The freedom fighter Baru Alivelamma . Kakinada has been a significant hub for Telugu literature, hosting numerous scholars, poets, and historians who have contributed extensively to the language and its history. The Sri Suryaraya Andhra Nighantuvu , considered the most comprehensive monolingual Telugu dictionary, was first published in its initial four volumes by the Andhra Sahitya Parishad in Kakinada between 1936 and 1944. This monumental work, featuring over 1.1 lakh words, provides detailed information about word origins, meanings, synonyms, and historical usage in literature, showcasing

5481-423: The headquarters of East Godavari, while Eluru became the headquarters of West Godavari. On 4 April 2022, East Godavari was further bifurcated, resulting in the creation of Kakinada district, with Kakinada as its headquarters. Today, Kakinada is a prominent port city, known for its industrial and economic significance in the Andhra Pradesh state. It remains a vital centre for trade, maritime activity, and culture in

5568-561: The industrial sector is dominated by edible oil refineries, fertilizers, and natural gas production. In the late 1940s, around the time of Indian independence, the city had minimal industrial activity, with its economy centered on agriculture and fishing. By the early 1980s, before the establishment of fertilizer companies, the local economy expanded to include the textile industry, auto parts manufacturing, steel-related ancillary units, alongside its traditional reliance on agriculture and fishing. Hope Island , about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from

5655-509: The junction of the Godavari River and the Bay of Bengal. The region is low-lying and prone to flooding, particularly during the cyclone season, when heavy rain and high winds can cause major damage to the infrastructure. The surrounding area has mangrove forests, which serve as a buffer to mitigate the effects of storms. Historically, Coringa was known for its shipbuilding industry and its port facilities, which facilitated significant trade. Though

5742-724: The labor for processing and handling goods and related services for the ports. Today by far the greatest growth in port development is in Asia, the continent with some of the world's largest and busiest ports , such as Singapore and the Chinese ports of Shanghai and Ningbo-Zhoushan . As of 2020, the busiest passenger port in Europe is the Port of Helsinki in Finland . Nevertheless, countless smaller ports do exist that may only serve their local tourism or fishing industries. Ports can have

5829-423: The main city by the Buckingham Canal . The canal and its branches form Medaline Island, which borders the city to the southwest. Kakinada features an industrial belt that runs north–south, separating the eastern part of the city from the coast. To the southeast, Kakinada Bay and surrounding marshlands are home to India's second-largest mangrove forest , which includes the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary . The Gouthami,

5916-582: The name "Cocanada" was modified by the British East India Company from "Co-Canada" for convenience, as the original name was considered difficult to pronounce. The city was also referred to as "Coringa," a name derived from its proximity to the Koringa River. The name "Cocanada" gained prominence with the establishment of the first Canadian Baptist Mission in the area under British administration. After India gained independence,

6003-418: The only wet dock between Bombay and Calcutta . Historically, Coringa was the only location between Calcutta and Trincomalee capable of docking and repairing large ships. The area, including Cape Cori (now known as Hope Island ), gained international recognition for its shipbuilding and repair capabilities. The town's coastal location, however, made it vulnerable to frequent storms and inundations. In 1784,

6090-439: The populace. Over the next decades, the population grew significantly, increasing by 61.8% between 1871 and 1881, and 40.5% between 1881 and 1891. By 1891, Kakinada's population reached 40,553, making it the most populous city in Andhra. It retained this position until 1921 when it briefly fell to second place with a population of 53,348, narrowly surpassed by Rajahmundry 's 53,791 residents. However, Kakinada reclaimed its status as

6177-475: The port inaccessible to large ships, and by 1905, shipbuilding activities ceased. The Great Coringa Cyclone struck in December 1789, causing severe damage with a series of three massive storm surges. The first wave drove ships ashore, and subsequent waves washed away everything that survived, killing at least 20,000 people. The effects of the cyclone reached as far as Rajahmundry to the northeast. The event

6264-555: The port of Coringa. In 1759, the British established a shipbuilding and repair facility at Coringa, located on the Coringa River , a branch of the Godavari River . By 1802, Coringa had become a significant seaport with a dry dock for ship repairs, which was the only one between Bombay and Calcutta . Its shipbuilding industry was recognized internationally, and Coringa was a vital maritime location. However, Coringa's coastal position made it vulnerable to frequent storms. In 1784,

6351-466: The port, sinking over 20,000 ships and causing a death toll estimated at around 300,000. This cyclone was notable as one of the first to be recorded in meteorological history and led to the first usage of the term "cyclone" by Henry Piddington . The destruction from the storm led to the decline of Coringa as a port and a significant loss to the Indian Ocean shipping industry. Coringa is located at

6438-651: The port. There are several initiatives to decrease negative environmental impacts of ports. The World Port Sustainability Program points to all of the Sustainable Development Goals as potential ways of addressing port sustainability. These include SIMPYC , the World Ports Climate Initiative , the African Green Port Initiative , EcoPorts and Green Marine . The port of Shanghai

6525-400: The region's largest city by 1931, with its population rising to 65,952. By the early 20th century, Kakinada had become a thriving commercial hub with prominent European and native merchants, including firms like Ralli Brothers , Gordon, Woodroffe & Co., and Volkart Brothers . The port played a crucial role in trade within the Godavari district and its hinterlands, and even with parts of

6612-408: The region. Kakinada is located at 16°56′N 82°13′E  /  16.93°N 82.22°E  / 16.93; 82.22 , with the 82-degrees east longitude passing through the city. The city has an average elevation of 2 meters (6.6 feet), and several areas lie below sea level. The city is divided into two regions, connected by bridges. The southern part, Jagannadhapuram, is separated from

6699-524: The region. This event was one of the first to be cited by Henry Piddington , who coined the term " cyclone " to describe such phenomena. After the 1839 disaster, Coringa's port never fully recovered, and homes were relocated further inland. By the 1870s, the river had become too shallow, and the approaches too difficult, limiting the town's role to servicing only small craft. Despite this decline, Coringa continued to maintain some trade connections, particularly with Moulmein and Rangoon . By 1901, silting in

6786-428: The roads but after massive amount of urbanisation the primary mode of intra-city public transport is auto rickshaws and there are about 7,000 of them being operated in the city limits with an additional of 3,000 from the surrounding settlements. Non-transport vehicles cover, Motorcycles , bicycles . For cyclists and motorists, there are planned cycling paths, bicycle sharing stations, and bike hiring outlets. Kakinada

6873-469: The southwest monsoon, though it also gets significant rainfall from the northeast monsoon between mid-October and mid-December. Kakinada is frequently affected by cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal. Prevailing winds are from the southwest for most of the year, except from October to January when they shift to the northeast. The city's average annual rainfall is between 110 and 115 centimetres (43 to 45 inches). As of 2011 Census of India , Kakinada had

6960-539: The terminus of the Alaska Pipeline owe their very existence to being ice-free ports. The Baltic Sea and similar areas have ports available year-round beginning in the 20th century thanks to icebreakers , but earlier access problems prompted Russia to expand its territory to the Black Sea . A dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected by road or rail to a seaport and operating as

7047-557: The town to Madras , Rangoon , and Calcutta , facilitating trade. By the 1860s, the British India Steam Navigation Company began regular maritime operations in the region. The American Civil War (1861–1865) boosted Kakinada's prominence as a major shipping hub for cotton pressed in Guntur. In 1865, infrastructure developments included an iron-girder bridge linking Kakinada with Jagannadhapuram and

7134-516: The twin Godavari districts is formed in 2008 which is based in the city. Since 2016, GITA is merged with "IT Association of Andhra Pradesh" (ITAAP) forming a separate chapter called ITAAP Godavari Chapter. There are several power plants in and around Kakinada. Spectrum Power Generation has a 208-MW plant and was one of the first Independent Power Producers in the country. The company is planning to expand its capacity to 1350 MW in phases. Tenders for

7221-414: The water column, and can stir up pollutants captured in the sediments. Invasive species are often spread by the bilge water and species attached to the hulls of ships. It is estimated that there are over 7000 invasive species transported in bilge water around the world on a daily basis Invasive species can have direct or indirect interactions with native sea life. Direct interaction such as predation,

7308-537: The world's oldest known artificial harbors is at Wadi al-Jarf on the Red Sea . Along with the finding of harbor structures, ancient anchors have also been found. Other ancient ports include Guangzhou during Qin dynasty China and Canopus , the principal Egyptian port for Greek trade before the foundation of Alexandria . In ancient Greece, Athens' port of Piraeus was the base for the Athenian fleet which played

7395-766: The world's ports have somewhat embedded technology, if not for full leadership. However, thanks to global government initiatives and exponential growth in maritime trade, the number of intelligent ports has gradually increased. A report by business intelligence provider Visiongain assessed that Smart Ports Market spending would reach $ 1.5 bn in 2019. Ports and their operation are often a cause of environmental issues, such as sediment contamination and spills from ships and are susceptible to larger environmental issues, such as human caused climate change and its effects. Every year 100 million cubic metres of marine sediment are dredged to improve waterways around ports. Dredging, in its practice, disturbs local ecosystems, brings sediments into

7482-461: Was one of the first to be cited by Henry Piddington , who coined the term "cyclone" to describe such phenomena. This cyclone killed around 300,000 people overall and caused the complete destruction of the port. After the 1839 disaster, the port was never fully rebuilt, and by the 1870s, it was only able to service small vessels. Despite the decline, Coringa maintained some trade, particularly with Moulmein and Rangoon . By 1901, silting rendered

7569-456: Was recorded in colonial and maritime records, marking a turning point in Coringa's maritime significance. After the cyclone, Coringa never regained its former prominence as a port. It served as a cautionary tale for future cyclone preparedness, especially in the Bay of Bengal region. On 25 November 1839, a major cyclone with a massive 40-foot storm surge ravaged Coringa. The surge obliterated

#331668