106-526: Kakinada Municipal Corporation, also known as KMC is the civic body of Kakinada in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . The corporation has recently concluded its election term and is currently headed by the Special Officer, Krithika Shukla who happens to be the collector of Kakinada District . The jurisdiction of the corporation is spread over an area of 30.51 km (11.78 sq mi) and
212-478: A consortium of GAIL and Hindustan Petroleum . Kakinada Beach Festival (also Sagara Sambaralu) is a music festival held in Kakinada. It was declared as an annual festival by the government of Andhra Pradesh in 2012. It is a three-day event where many artists perform. Kakinada has made notable contributions to Telugu cinema (Tollywood) with several prominent actors, actresses, and filmmakers hailing from
318-635: A 350-MW expansion have been requested. A 220-MW power station (being expanded to 2400 MW at a cost of Rs 100 billion) owned by Reliance Energy and a 464-MW combined-cycle power plant by GVK Group are in operation at Samalkota (Kakinada Rural). These plants supply electricity to the state's transmission utility, AP Transco, under a power purchase agreement . Kakinada is the base for Oil and Natural Gas Corporation 's Eastern Offshore Asset. Several oil companies use Kakinada for oil and gasoline shipments. Baker Hughes and Schlumberger are field-development companies working on offshore natural-gas fields near
424-481: A Dutch settlement. Another theory links the name to Kakulavada , meaning "abode of crows," referencing the birds that were often seen catching fish along the shore. A third theory associates it with Kakasura, a mythological figure from the Ramayana . Additionally, some believe the name was derived from Kakichika, an ancient ruler of Vengi region. During British rule, the city was known as "Cocanada." Some believe
530-448: A base for a thriving oil and gas industry for the state of Andhra Pradesh are established at Kakinada. Coconuts are exported by several companies in and around Kakinada. The Murugappa Group-owned EID Parry (India) and Cargill International joint venture, Silk Road Sugars, has a port-based stand-alone sugar refinery in Kakinada with a capacity of 600,000 tonnes., In 2002, several edible-oil refineries were established in Kakinada, with
636-479: A calamity and in a forest ". The same sentiment is more generically expressed in later Sanskrit literature. Śūdraka , the author of Mṛcchakatika set in fifth century BCE says that the Avagaunthaha was not used by women everyday and at every time. He says that a married lady was expected to put on a veil while moving in the public. This may indicate that it was not necessary for unmarried females to put on
742-481: A change of dress. Maharani Indira Devi of Cooch Behar popularised the chiffon sari. She was widowed early in life and followed the convention of abandoning her richly woven Baroda shalus in favour of the unadorned mourning white as per tradition. Characteristically, she transformed her " mourning " clothes into high fashion. She had saris woven in France to her personal specifications, in white chiffon, and introduced
848-512: A crucial role in trade within the Godavari district and its hinterlands, and even with parts of the Nizam's Dominions . Local industries, such as rice mills, cheroot factories, and salt works, supported by companies like Simson & Co. and Innes & Co., contributed to the town's economic growth. But, its economy remained primarily focused on shipping. The port’s exports included cotton (to
954-633: A deep-water port, playing a crucial role in exporting seafood and agricultural products. Kakinada is also an educational hub, hosting institutions such as Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Rangaraya Medical College , and the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) campus. Nearby attractions include Hope Island , which protects the city from cyclones and tsunamis, and the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary , home to vast mangrove forests . Kakinada also serves as
1060-588: A gateway to the picturesque Konaseema region. Designated as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission , Kakinada continues to develop as a modern urban centre. The name "Kakinada" has multiple theories regarding its origin. One theory suggests that it is derived from the Telugu word Koka or Coca , which refers to saree products that were stored and exported by the Dutch when the city served as
1166-658: A hijab with her sari while in Parliament. Sari is the national attire for women in Bangladesh , Although Dhakai Jamdani (hand made sari) is worldwide known and most famous to all women who wear sari but there are also many variety of saris in Bangladesh. There are many regional variations of them in both silk and cotton. There are many regional variations of saris in both silk and cotton. e.g., Dhakai Banarasi sari , Rajshahi silk , Tangail sari , Tant sari , Tassar silk sari, Manipuri sari and Katan sari. The sari
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#17327827772351272-508: A major shipping hub for cotton pressed in Guntur. In 1865, infrastructure developments included an iron-girder bridge linking Kakinada with Jagannadhapuram and a lighthouse to support maritime activities. These improvements bolstered trade and communication in the region. Kakinada was established as a municipality in 1866, reflecting its growing importance. The European Chamber of Commerce, founded in 1868, represented European firms, while
1378-464: A popular garment among the middle and upper class for many formal functions. Saris can be seen worn commonly in metropolitan cities such as Karachi and Islamabad and are worn regularly for weddings and other business types of functions. Saris are also worn by many Muslim women in Sindh to show their status or to enhance their beauty. Phulkari , Kota doria , banarasi , Ajrak are the most worn. The sari
1484-566: A population of 443,028, comprising 217,459 males and 225,569 females, including the city's outgrowths. Kakinada ranks as the 115th largest city in India by population and is one of the fastest-growing cities in Andhra Pradesh. Kakinada Municipal Corporation covers an area of 16.63 km (6.42 sq mi), while the urban agglomeration extends over an area of 40.36 km (15.58 sq mi). The urban agglomeration includes
1590-551: A prominent port, replacing Coringa . Its strategic location and growing exports established it as a significant trade centre in the 19th century. Regular steamer services, initiated in 1858-59, connected the town to Madras , Rangoon , and Calcutta , facilitating trade. By the 1860s, the British India Steam Navigation Company began regular maritime operations in the region. The American Civil War (1861–1865) boosted Kakinada's prominence as
1696-619: A refining capacity of 3,000 tons per day; they include Acalmar Oils and Fats (taken over by Adani Wilmar), Ruchi Infrastructure and Nikhil Refineries. The port facilitates the importation of crude palm and soybean oil. Vakalapudi Industrial Park has attracted over $ 10 million in investment from biodiesel companies such as Reliance Industries, Natural Bioenergy and Universal Bio Fuel. Andhra Pradesh has entered into an agreement with Reliance Industries for jatropha planting . The company selected 200 acres (81 ha) of land in Kakinada to grow jatropha for quality biodiesel fuel. Kakinada
1802-450: A sea rise caused vessels to drift as far inland as Rajahmundry . Coringa also suffered significant damage from various storms, including a devastating storm in 1789 that claimed 20,000 lives, and another in May 1832 that further damaged the area. The most catastrophic of these was the cyclone of 25 November 1839, which had a storm surge estimated at 40 feet. This cyclone completely destroyed
1908-731: A shirt/blouse and resemble a sarong , as seen in the Burmese longyi ( Burmese : လုံချည် ; MLCTS : lum hkyany ; IPA: [lòʊɰ̃dʑì] ), Filipino malong and tapis , Laotian xout lao ( Lao : ຊຸດລາວ ; IPA: [sut.láːw] ), Laotian and Thai suea pat ( Lao : ເສື້ອປັດ ; pronounced [sɯ̏a.pát] ) and sinh ( Lao : ສິ້ນ , IPA: [sȉn] ; Thai : ซิ่น , RTGS : sin , IPA: [sîn] ), Cambodian sbai ( Khmer : ស្បៃ ) and sampot ( Khmer : សំពត់ , saṃbát , IPA: [sɑmpʊət] ) and Timorese tais . Saris, worn predominantly in
2014-531: A single piece of clothing served as both lower garment and head covering, leaving the midriff completely uncovered. Similar styles of the sari are recorded paintings by Raja Ravi Varma in Kerala. Numerous sources say that everyday costume in ancient India until recent times in Kerala consisted of a pleated dhoti or ( sarong ) wrap, combined with a breast band called kūrpāsaka or stanapaṭṭa and occasionally
2120-435: A special blouse for the campaign trail which is longer than usual and is tucked in to prevent any midriff showing while waving to the crowds. Stylist Prasad Bidapa has to say, "I think Sonia Gandhi is the country's most stylish politician. But that's because she's inherited the best collection of saris from her mother-in-law. I'm also happy that she supports the Indian handloom industry with her selection." Most female MPs in
2226-476: A veil. This form of veiling by married women is still prevalent in Hindi-speaking areas, and is known as ghoonghat where the loose end of a sari is pulled over the head to act as a facial veil. Based on sculptures and paintings, tight bodices or cholis are believed to have evolved between the 2nd century BCE to 6th century CE in various regional styles. Early cholis were front covering tied at
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#17327827772352332-495: A wide vocabulary of terms for the veiling used by women, such as Avagunthana (oguntheti/oguṇthikā), meaning cloak-veil, Uttariya meaning shoulder-veil, Mukha-pata meaning face-veil and Sirovas-tra meaning head-veil. In the Pratimānātaka , a play by Bhāsa describes in context of Avagunthana veil that " ladies may be seen without any blame (for the parties concerned) in a religious session, in marriage festivities, during
2438-495: A wrap called uttarīya that could at times be used to cover the upper body or head. The two-piece Kerala mundum neryathum (mundu, a dhoti or sarong, neryath, a shawl, in Malayalam ) is a survival of ancient clothing styles. The one-piece sari in Kerala is derived from neighbouring Tamil Nadu or Deccan during medieval period based on its appearance on various temple murals in medieval Kerala. Early Sanskrit literature has
2544-523: A writer. Bolloju Baba , a contemporary poet and historian residing in Kakinada, has further enriched the region's literary heritage. He has authored 11 books, six of which focus on literature and the remaining on history. His works include Ancient Cities of East Godavari and Yanam under French Colonial Rule , which highlight the historical and cultural significance of the region. The city has various modes of transport in terms of road, rail and sea. Previously private city buses and rickshaws used to dominate
2650-464: Is a significant economic and cultural centre in the region. It is the sixth most populous city in the state and is recognised as one of the most liveable and cleanest cities in India among those with a population under one million. Nicknamed the "Pensioners' Paradise," Kakinada is known for its well-planned layout and modern infrastructure. Historically, Kakinada was the most populous city in Andhra by
2756-466: Is a tier-II city. Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) established a facility here in 2007. Since then, several IT companies have come up in the city, mainly due to its educated workforce available in the city. Nearly, 35 Software and IT companies are operating from Kakinada, including Krify, Avineon, Cyient . An IT Association by the name "Godavari IT Association of East and West Godavari districts" (GITA) which an association of IT companies in
2862-697: Is called sāyā ( साया ) in Hindi , parkar ( परकर ) in Marathi , ulpavadai ( உள்பாவாடை ) in Tamil ( pavada in other parts of South India: Malayalam : പാവാട , romanized : pāvāḍa , Telugu : పావడ , romanized : pāvaḍa , Kannada : ಪಾವುಡೆ , romanized: pāvuḍe ), sāẏā ( সায়া ) in Bengali and eastern India, and sāya ( සාය ) in Sinhalese . Apart from
2968-500: Is called the pallu ; it is the part thrown over the shoulder in the nivi style of draping. In past times, saris were woven of silk or cotton. The rich could afford finely woven, diaphanous silk saris that, according to folklore , could be passed through a finger ring . The poor wore coarsely woven cotton saris. All saris were handwoven and represented a considerable investment of time or money. Simple hand-woven villagers' saris are often decorated with checks or stripes woven into
3074-508: Is connected by road to the rest of the state and other cities of India by means of National Highways . National Highway 216 which stretches from Kathipudi to Ongole passes through Kakinada. The bypass road is under construction which reduces the traffic in the city It is a well planned city with Grid type Road network. The city has a total road length of 719.21 km.state highway 42 connects Kakinada with other cities. ADB Road and Canal Road connects Kakinada with Rajamahendravaram. Government
3180-541: Is embroidery done with coloured silk thread. Zardozi embroidery uses gold and silver thread, and sometimes pearls and precious stones . Cheap modern versions of zardozi use synthetic metallic thread and imitation stones, such as fake pearls and Swarovski crystals. In modern times, saris are increasingly woven on mechanical looms and made of artificial fibres, such as polyester , nylon, or rayon , which do not require starching or ironing . They are printed by machine, or woven in simple patterns made with floats across
3286-439: Is for the sari to be wrapped around the waist, with the loose end of the drape to be worn over the shoulder, baring the midriff. However, the sari can be draped in several different styles, though some styles do require a sari of a particular length or form. Ṛta Kapur Chishti , a sari historian and recognised textile scholar, has documented 108 ways of wearing a sari in her book, 'Saris: Tradition and Beyond'. The book documents
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3392-489: Is frequently affected by cyclones originating in the Bay of Bengal. Prevailing winds are from the southwest for most of the year, except from October to January when they shift to the northeast. The city's average annual rainfall is between 110 and 115 centimetres (43 to 45 inches). As of 2011 Census of India , Kakinada had a population of 443,028, with 222,461 males and 220,567 females. The Kakinada Urban Agglomeration also had
3498-613: Is going to construct a new national highway to Tuni along coast under Sagaramala scheme. Kakinada Town and Kakinada Port are the two railway stations serving the rail needs of the city. Kakinada Town is classified as an A–category station in Vijayawada railway division . It is recognised as one of the Adarsh stations of the division in South Coast Railway zone . SCR operates its carriage and Wagon depot which
3604-570: Is known today known as dupatta and ghoonghat . Likewise, the stanapaṭṭa evolved into the choli by the 1st century CE. The ancient Sanskrit work Kadambari by Banabhatta and ancient Tamil poetry, such as the Silappadhikaram , describes women in exquisite drapery or sari. In ancient India, although women wore saris that bared the midriff, the Dharmasastra writers stated that women should be dressed such that
3710-586: Is mentioned as describing women's dharmic attire in Sanskrit literature and Buddhist literature called Jatakas . This could be equivalent to the modern day sari. The term for female bodice , the choli evolved from ancient stanapaṭṭa . Rajatarangini , a tenth-century literary work by Kalhana , states that the choli from the Deccan was introduced under the royal order in Kashmir. The petticoat
3816-485: Is one of the medium-sized depots in Vijayawada division . It's the second station after Vijayawada Junction railway station to have Intermediate Overhauling IOH shed for all types of coaches. Sari A sari (sometimes also saree or sadi ) is a women's garment from the Indian subcontinent . It consists of an un-stitched stretch of woven fabric arranged over the body as a robe , with one end attached to
3922-422: Is popular form of traditional embroidery used on saris for formal occasions, various other types of traditional folk embroidery such mochi, pakko, kharak, suf, kathi, phulkari and gamthi are also commonly used for both informal and formal occasion. Today, modern fabrics like polyester, georgette and charmeuse are also commonly used. There are more than 80 recorded ways to wear a sari. The most common style
4028-426: Is reserved as the dress of choice for important occasions and events. In 2013, the traditional art of weaving jamdani was declared a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity . In 2016, Bangladesh received geographical indication (GI) status for Jamdani sari. Sri Lankan women wear saris in many styles. Two ways of draping the sari are popular and tend to dominate: the Indian style (classic nivi drape) and
4134-483: Is the most commonly worn women's clothing in Nepal where a special style of sari draping is called haku patasihh . The sari is draped around the waist and a shawl is worn covering the upper half of the sari, which is used in place of a pallu . In Pakistan, the saris are still popular and worn on special occasions. The Shalwar kameez , however, is worn throughout the country on a daily basis. The sari nevertheless remains
4240-505: Is the uniform of Biman Bangladesh Airlines and Air India uniform for air hostesses . An air hostess-style sari is draped in similar manner to a traditional sari, but most of the pleats are pinned to keep them in place. Bangladeshi female newsreaders and anchors also drape their sari in this particular style. Saris are worn as uniforms by the female hotel staff of many five-star luxury hotels in India , Sri Lanka , and Bangladesh as
4346-492: Is the uniform of the air hostesses of SriLankan Airlines . During the 1960s, the mini sari known as 'hipster' sari created a wrinkle in Sri Lankan fashion, since it was worn below the navel and barely above the line of prosecution for indecent exposure. The conservative people described the 'hipster' as " an absolute travesty of a beautiful costume almost a desecration " and " a hideous and purposeless garment ". The sari
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4452-1257: Is traditional form of embroidery used for cholis in this region. In Nepal, choli is known as cholo or chaubandi cholo and is traditionally tied at the front. Red is the most favoured colour for wedding saris , which are the traditional garment choice for brides in Hindu wedding . Women traditionally wore various types of regional handloom saris made of silk, cotton, ikkat, block-print, embroidery and tie-dye textiles. Most sought after brocade silk saris are Banasari, Kanchipuram (Sometimes also Kanchipuram or Kanjivaram ), Gadwal, Paithani, Mysore, Uppada, Bagalpuri, Balchuri, Maheshwari, Chanderi, Mekhela, Ghicha, Narayan pet and Eri etc. are traditionally worn for festive and formal occasions. Silk Ikat and cotton saris known as Patola, Pochampally, Bomkai, Khandua, Sambalpuri, Gadwal, Berhampuri, Bargarh, Jamdani, Tant, Mangalagiri, Guntur, Narayan pet, Chanderi, Maheshwari, Nuapatn, Tussar, Ilkal, Kotpad and Manipuri were worn for both festive and everyday attire. Tie-dyed and block-print saris known as Bandhani, Leheria/Leheriya, Bagru, Ajrakh, Sungudi, Kota Dabu/Dabu print, Bagh and Kalamkari were traditionally worn during monsoon season. Gota Patti
4558-424: Is worn across the right hip to over the left shoulder, partly baring the midriff. The navel can be revealed or concealed by the wearer by adjusting the pallu , depending on the social setting. The long end of the pallu hanging from the back of the shoulder is often intricately decorated. The pallu may be hanging freely, tucked in at the waist, used to cover the head, or used to cover the neck, by draping it across
4664-478: Is worn as daily wear by Pakistani Hindus , by elderly Muslim women who were used to wearing it in pre-partition India and by some of the new generation who have reintroduced the interest in saris. Black Sari Day, is a celebration of Iqbal Bano a woman who fought in a Black sari in Lahore against Zia. She sang Hum Dekhenge . Although this event is to bring family closer and to enjoy the day of Iqbal Bano. While
4770-544: The 82-degrees east longitude passing through the city. The city has an average elevation of 2 meters (6.6 feet), and several areas lie below sea level. The city is divided into two regions, connected by bridges. The southern part, Jagannadhapuram, is separated from the main city by the Buckingham Canal . The canal and its branches form Medaline Island, which borders the city to the southwest. Kakinada features an industrial belt that runs north–south, separating
4876-760: The Nivi style. The sari is worn with a fitted bodice also called a choli ( ravike or kuppasa in southern India, and cholo in Nepal) and a petticoat called ghagra , parkar , or ul-pavadai . It remains fashionable in the Indian subcontinent today. The Hindi word sāṛī ( साड़ी ), described in Sanskrit śāṭī which means 'strip of cloth' and शाडी śāḍī or साडी sāḍī in Pali , ಸೀರೆ or sīre in Kannada and which evolved to sāṛī in modern Indian languages. The word śāṭika
4982-549: The Pussycat Dolls – dressed in saris. in 2014, American singer Selena Gomez was seen in a sari for an UNICEF charity event at Nepal. In the United States , the sari has recently become politicised with the digital-movement, "Sari, Not Sorry". Tanya Rawal-Jindia , a gender studies professor at UC Riverside , initiated this anti- xenophobia fashion-campaign on Instagram. While an international image of
5088-623: The UK , France , and Belgium ), oilseeds (to France and the UK), rice (to Sri Lanka and Mauritius ), and tobacco (to Rangoon), while imports included cotton goods, gunny bags, rice, and kerosene. In 1923, Kakinada hosted the All India Congress Committee (AICC) meeting from December 28 to January 1, 1924. The event became notable for a controversy over the rendition of Vande Mataram , which highlighted religious sensitivities of
5194-518: The out growths of Ganganapalle, Sarpavaram, Vakalapudi and Turangi. The corporation is administered by an elected body, headed by the mayor. The present commissioner of the corporation is Sri Mahesh Kumar Ravirala IAS, took charge as Commissioner on 10/04/2023 Kakinada Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions: The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from
5300-431: The 1891 Indian census, a distinction it largely held until 1931. During British rule , it was the starting point of the Buckingham Canal . The city is culturally famous for its Kakinada Kaja sweet, and has produced several notable Telugu film personalities. Historically, all Telugu people in countries like Burma and Malaysia were referred to as "Coranghees," a name derived from the nearby port of Coringa , which
5406-408: The 6th century BCE. Ancient antariya closely resembled the dhoti wrap in the "fishtail" version which was passed through the legs, covered the legs loosely and then flowed into long, decorative pleats at front of the legs. It further evolved into Bhairnivasani skirt, today known as ghagri and lehenga . Uttariya was a shawl-like veil worn over the shoulder or head. It evolved into what
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#17327827772355512-625: The Central and State Government. Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation. Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation. Kakinada Kakinada ( listen ; formerly known as Cocanada ) is a port city and municipal corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . Situated along the Bay of Bengal , it serves as the headquarters of Kakinada district and
5618-420: The Indian subcontinent are usually draped with one end of the cloth fastened around the waist, and the other end placed over the shoulder baring the midriff. Saris are woven with one plain end (the end that is concealed inside the wrap), two long decorative borders running the length of the sari, and a one to three-foot section at the other end which continues and elaborates the length-wise decoration. This end
5724-515: The Kakinada Municipal Corporation, census towns such as Chidiga, Ramanayyapeta , and Suryaraopeta , as well as the outgrowths of Ganganapalle, Sarpavaram, Vakalapudi, and Turangi. Kakinada's economy primarily relies on industry, agriculture, and fishing. Key agricultural products include paddy and coconut, while the industrial sector is dominated by edible oil refineries, fertilizers, and natural gas production. In
5830-513: The Kandyan style (or Osariya in Sinhala). The Kandyan style is generally more popular in the hill country region of Kandy from which the style gets its name. Though local preferences play a role, most women decide on style depending on personal preference or what is perceived to be most flattering for their figure. The traditional Kandyan (Osariya) style consists of a full blouse which covers
5936-542: The Sri Lankan Parliament wear a Kandyan osari. This includes prominent women in politics, the first female premier in the world, Sirimavo Bandaranaike and President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga . Contemporary examples include Pavithra Wanniarachchi , the sitting health minister in Cabinet . The adoption of the sari is not exclusive to Sinhalese politicians; Muslim MP Ferial Ashraff combined
6042-532: The United States during the 1970s. Eugene Novack who ran the New York store, Royal Sari House commented that he had initially been selling mainly to Indian women in the New York area. However, many American business women and housewives soon became his customers, favouring styles resembling western attire such as gowns. He also said that men appeared intrigued by the fragility and the femininity it confers on
6148-747: The VOC for the construction of a trading lodge. It was ceded to the British in 1825. In 1759, the British established a shipbuilding and repair facility in the area, which came to be known as Coringa Town, located on the Coringa River , a branch of the Godavari River . The town soon became a significant seaport and shipbuilding hub on the Coromandel Coast . In 1802, a dock was constructed to repair Royal Navy and other vessels, becoming
6254-597: The back of the sari. This can create an elaborate appearance on the front, while looking ugly on the back. The punchra work is imitated with inexpensive machine-made tassel trim. Fashion designer Shaina NC declared, "I can drape a sari in 54 different styles". Hand-woven, hand-decorated saris are naturally much more expensive than the machine imitations. While the overall market for handweaving has plummeted (leading to much distress among Indian handweavers), hand-woven saris are still popular for weddings and other grand social occasions. The traditional sari made an impact in
6360-413: The back; this style was more common in parts of ancient northern India. This ancient form of bodice or choli is still common in the state of Rajasthan today. Varies styles of decorative traditional embroidery like gota patti, mochi, pakko, kharak, suf, kathi, phulkari and gamthi are done on cholis . In Southern parts of India, choli is known as ravikie which is tied at the front instead of back, kasuti
6466-411: The base fabric in patterns; an ornamented border, an elaborate pallu , and often, small repeated accents in the cloth itself. These accents are called butti or bhutti (spellings vary). For fancy saris, these patterns could be woven with gold or silver thread , which is called zari work. Sometimes the saris were further decorated, after weaving, with various sorts of embroidery. Resham work
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#17327827772356572-603: The city was officially renamed Kakinada. During the Dutch colonization of the east coast of India, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) established a trading post in the area known as Jaggernaickpuram (variously spelled), in present-day Kakinada. On 25 September 1734, Haji Muhammad Hussain, the Nawab of Rajamundry, granted a parwana and kaul to the Dutch, officially transferring the hamlet of "Jagernaykpalam" to
6678-418: The city's pivotal role in advancing Telugu linguistic studies. Kasibhatta Brahmaiah Sastry (1863–1940), a notable Sanskrit and Telugu scholar, was among the eminent figures in Kakinada's literary landscape. Another celebrated personality, Garikapati Narasimha Rao , earned the title Maha Sahasravadhani for performing one thousand Avadhanam feats, a challenging Telugu poetry competition. He also authored
6784-416: The city. Among the notable figures are Anjali Devi , Suryakantham , Relangi , Rao Gopal Rao , Chitti Babu , P. Adinarayana Rao , C. Pullayya , P. B. Sreenivas , C. S. Rao , Krishna Bhagawan , Gunnam Gangaraju , Goutham Raju , Ohmkar , Anchor Syamala, and singer Anjana Sowmya. In addition to its contributions to cinema, Kakinada is also the hometown of Indian cricketer Hanuma Vihari and
6890-522: The city. The Krishna Godavari Basin is considered the largest natural gas basin in India. Significant discoveries of oil and natural gas were made by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation and Reliance , which has been extracting gas from its KG D6 block off the Kakinada coast. Reliance has an onshore terminal in Gadimoga, about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Kakinada, to process and distribute gas to other parts of
6996-452: The cloth. Inexpensive saris were also decorated with block printing using carved wooden blocks and vegetable dyes, or tie-dyeing , known in India as bhandani work. More expensive saris had elaborate geometric, floral, or figurative ornaments or brocades created on the loom , as part of the fabric. Sometimes warp and weft threads were tie-dyed and then woven, creating ikat patterns. Sometimes threads of different colours were woven into
7102-488: The coast, makes Kakinada Port a natural harbour. It is home to two ports namely, an Anchorage port and a Deep-water port (and also third port is going to be constructed in KSEZ which will be Greenfield Seaport ). Kakinada's deep-water port is the second-largest in the state (after Visakhapatnam port) and the first in the country to be built in a public-private partnership , in 1996 It is operated by Kakinada Seaports. Before
7208-560: The country. Reliance Gas Transportation Infrastructure (RGTIL) has built a 1,440-kilometre (890 mi) pipeline from Kakinada to Bharuch (Gujarat) to transport 120 million cubic meters per day (mcmd) of natural gas from the Krishna-Godavari fields (owned by Reliance Industries) across India to its west coast. In 2010, the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board awarded Kakinada's gas-distribution project to Bhagyanagar Gas,
7314-402: The creation of Kakinada district, with Kakinada as its headquarters. Today, Kakinada is a prominent port city, known for its industrial and economic significance in the Andhra Pradesh state. It remains a vital centre for trade, maritime activity, and culture in the region. Kakinada is located at 16°56′N 82°13′E / 16.93°N 82.22°E / 16.93; 82.22 , with
7420-543: The deep-water port was built, the Anchorage port was the largest of India's 40 minor ports. Kakinada's principal exports include seafood ( Prawns , Shrimp , Fish ) and related products, agricultural products (including rice and corn), oilmeals, processed food products, chemicals, iron ore, bauxite powder and biofuel. Imports include chemicals, edible oils and agricultural products (including wheat and sugar). A number of industries and edible oil refineries, and serves as
7526-493: The eastern part of the city from the coast. To the southeast, Kakinada Bay and surrounding marshlands are home to India's second-largest mangrove forest , which includes the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary . The Gouthami, a branch of the Godavari River, flows into the Bay of Bengal near the city. Kakinada experiences a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen : Aw) , characterized by hot and humid conditions throughout most of
7632-495: The epic poem Sagaraghosha , adding to his reputation as a literary luminary. Modern contributions to Telugu literature include Ryali Prasad, a poet, short story writer, and historian. He authored 32 epic poems and historical works, delving into various subjects, including the history of Kakinada. His notable works include Kakinada Charitra , a comprehensive history of the city. Prasad was also skilled in performing Telugu Avadhanam in free verse poetry, exemplifying his versatility as
7738-464: The following families: The Nivi is the most common style of sari worn today. It originated in the Deccan region. In the Deccan region, the Nivi existed in two styles, a style similar to modern Nivi and the second style worn with front pleats of Nivi tucked in the back. The increased interactions during colonial era saw most women from royal families come out of purdah in the 1900s. This necessitated
7844-682: The freedom fighter Baru Alivelamma . Kakinada has been a significant hub for Telugu literature, hosting numerous scholars, poets, and historians who have contributed extensively to the language and its history. The Sri Suryaraya Andhra Nighantuvu , considered the most comprehensive monolingual Telugu dictionary, was first published in its initial four volumes by the Andhra Sahitya Parishad in Kakinada between 1936 and 1944. This monumental work, featuring over 1.1 lakh words, provides detailed information about word origins, meanings, synonyms, and historical usage in literature, showcasing
7950-458: The late 1940s, around the time of Indian independence, the city had minimal industrial activity, with its economy centered on agriculture and fishing. By the early 1980s, before the establishment of fertilizer companies, the local economy expanded to include the textile industry, auto parts manufacturing, steel-related ancillary units, alongside its traditional reliance on agriculture and fishing. Hope Island , about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from
8056-488: The lower garment was called ' nivi ' or 'nivi bandha', while the upper body was mostly left bare. The works of Kalidasa mention the kūrpāsaka , a form of tight fitting breast band that simply covered the breasts. It was also sometimes referred to as an uttarāsaṅga or stanapaṭṭa . Poetic references from works like Silappadikaram indicate that during the Sangam period in ancient Tamil Nadu in southern India,
8162-465: The midriff completely and is partially tucked in at the front. However, the modern intermingling of styles has led to most wearers baring the midriff. The final tail of the sari is neatly pleated rather than free-flowing. This is rather similar to the pleated rosette used in the Pin Kosuvam style noted earlier in the article. The Kandyan style is considered the national dress of Sinhalese women. It
8268-429: The midriff region on top of a sari are waist chains . They are sometimes worn as a part of bridal jewellery. Because of the harsh extremes in temperature on the Indian subcontinent, the sari fills a practical role as well as a decorative one. It is not only warming in winter and cooling in summer, but its loose-fitting tailoring is preferred by women who must be free to move as their duties require. For this reason, it
8374-448: The modern style sari may have been popularised by airline flight attendants , each region in the Indian subcontinent has developed, over the centuries, its own unique sari style. Following are other well-known varieties, distinct on the basis of fabric, weaving style, or motif, in the Indian subcontinent. Handloom sari weaving is one of India's cottage industries . The handloom weaving process requires several stages in order to produce
8480-541: The most populous city in Andhra. It retained this position until 1921 when it briefly fell to second place with a population of 53,348, narrowly surpassed by Rajahmundry 's 53,791 residents. However, Kakinada reclaimed its status as the region's largest city by 1931, with its population rising to 65,952. By the early 20th century, Kakinada had become a thriving commercial hub with prominent European and native merchants, including firms like Ralli Brothers , Gordon, Woodroffe & Co., and Volkart Brothers . The port played
8586-582: The name "Cocanada" was modified by the British East India Company from "Co-Canada" for convenience, as the original name was considered difficult to pronounce. The city was also referred to as "Coringa," a name derived from its proximity to the Koringa River. The name "Cocanada" gained prominence with the establishment of the first Canadian Baptist Mission in the area under British administration. After India gained independence,
8692-496: The national costume. On her first red carpet appearance at the Cannes International Film Festival , she stepped out on the red carpet in a Rohit Bal sari. Many foreign celebrities have worn traditional sari attire designed by Indian fashion designers . American actress Pamela Anderson made a surprise guest appearance on Bigg Boss , the Indian version of Big Brother , dressed in a sari that
8798-484: The native Chamber of Commerce worked alongside it to promote trade. The local economy thrived on exports of cotton, gingelly oil seeds, sugar, and rice, while imports included iron and copper. The town also became a centre for publications, including the Cocanada Advertiser , a mercantile newspaper, and Suddhiranjani , a Telugu weekly . The Pithapuram zamindar established a middle school in 1852, which
8904-407: The navel would never become visible, which may have led to a taboo on navel exposure at some times and places. It is generally accepted that wrapped sari-like garments for lower body and sometimes shawls or scarf like garment called 'uttariya' for upper body, have been worn by Indian women for a long time, and that they have been worn in their current form for hundreds of years. In ancient couture
9010-403: The navel. The pleats are tucked into the waistband of the petticoat. They create a graceful, decorative effect which poets have likened to the petals of a flower. After one more turn around the waist, the loose end is draped over the shoulder. The loose end is called the aanchal , pallu , pallav , seragu , or paita depending on the language. It is draped diagonally in front of the torso. It
9116-420: The only wet dock between Bombay and Calcutta . Historically, Coringa was the only location between Calcutta and Trincomalee capable of docking and repairing large ships. The area, including Cape Cori (now known as Hope Island ), gained international recognition for its shipbuilding and repair capabilities. The town's coastal location, however, made it vulnerable to frequent storms and inundations. In 1784,
9222-450: The population as per the 2011 Census of India was 312,538. It started to expand from 1920, when it was only 20.31 km (7.84 sq mi) and the population was just over 50,000. The urban agglomeration area of Kakinada is spread over an area of 57.36 km (22.15 sq mi). The urban agglomeration constituents includes the areas of Kakinada Municipal Corporation, census towns of Chidiga, Ramanayyapeta , Suryaraopeta and
9328-408: The port and around 20,000 vessels killing over 300,000 people across the region. This event was one of the first to be cited by Henry Piddington , who coined the term " cyclone " to describe such phenomena. After the 1839 disaster, Coringa's port never fully recovered, and homes were relocated further inland. By the 1870s, the river had become too shallow, and the approaches too difficult, limiting
9434-429: The right shoulder as well. Some Nivi styles are worn with the pallu draped from the back towards the front, coming from the back over the right shoulder with one corner tucked by the left hip, covering the torso/waist. The Nivi sari was popularised through the paintings of Raja Ravi Varma . In one of his paintings, the Indian subcontinent was shown as a mother wearing a flowing Nivi sari. The ornaments sometimes worn in
9540-432: The roads but after massive amount of urbanisation the primary mode of intra-city public transport is auto rickshaws and there are about 7,000 of them being operated in the city limits with an additional of 3,000 from the surrounding settlements. Non-transport vehicles cover, Motorcycles , bicycles . For cyclists and motorists, there are planned cycling paths, bicycle sharing stations, and bike hiring outlets. Kakinada
9646-526: The sari drapes across fourteen states of Gujarat , Maharashtra , Goa , Karnataka , Kerala , Tamil Nadu , Andhra Pradesh , Odisha , West Bengal , Jharkhand , Bihar , Chhattisgarh , Madhya Pradesh , and Uttar Pradesh . The Sari Series, a non-profit project created in 2017 is a digital anthology documenting India's regional sari drapes providing over 80 short films on how-to-drape the various styles. The French cultural anthropologist and sari researcher Chantal Boulanger categorised sari drapes into
9752-531: The sari is typical traditional wear for women in the Indian subcontinent, clothing worn by women in Southeast Asian countries like Myanmar , Malaysia , Indonesia , the Philippines , Cambodia , Thailand and Laos resemble it, where a long rectangular piece of cloth is draped around the body. These are different from the sari as they are wrapped around the lower-half of body as a skirt, worn with
9858-512: The silk chiffon sari to the royal fashion repertoire. Under colonial rule, the petticoat was adopted, along with Victorian styles of puffed-sleeved blouses, which was commonly seen among the elites in Bombay presidency and Bengal presidency . Nivi drape starts with one end of the sari tucked into the waistband of the petticoat , usually a plain skirt . The cloth is wrapped around the lower body once, then hand-gathered into even pleats below
9964-556: The standard "petticoat", it may also be called "inner skirt" or an inskirt. The history of sari-like drapery can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilisation , which flourished during 2800–1800 BCE around the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent . Cotton was first cultivated and woven on the Indian subcontinent around the 5th millennium BCE. Dyes used during this period are still in use, particularly indigo , lac , red madder and turmeric . Silk
10070-499: The symbol of Indian , Sri Lankan , and Bangladeshi culture , respectively. Similarly, the female politicians of all three countries wear the sari in a professional manner. Bangladeshi politicians usually wear saris with long sleeve blouse while covering their midriff. Some politicians pair up saris with hijabs or shawls for more coverage. The women of the Nehru–Gandhi family like Indira Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi have worn
10176-551: The time. During World War II , on April 6, 1942, Kakinada was targeted by a Japanese air raid. A single aircraft attacked the port, damaging two ships and causing casualties, including one death and five injuries. This marked one of the earliest Japanese air raids on India's eastern coast during the war. In 1823, during British rule, the District of Rajahmundry was created within the Madras Presidency . In 1859, it
10282-422: The town's role to servicing only small craft. Despite this decline, Coringa continued to maintain some trade connections, particularly with Moulmein and Rangoon . By 1901, silting in the estuary rendered the port inaccessible to large ships, and by 1905, shipbuilding activities ceased, leading to the eventual closure of the port. With the silting of Coringa Bay, Kakinada, then known as Cocanada, emerged as
10388-518: The twin Godavari districts is formed in 2008 which is based in the city. Since 2016, GITA is merged with "IT Association of Andhra Pradesh" (ITAAP) forming a separate chapter called ITAAP Godavari Chapter. There are several power plants in and around Kakinada. Spectrum Power Generation has a 208-MW plant and was one of the first Independent Power Producers in the country. The company is planning to expand its capacity to 1350 MW in phases. Tenders for
10494-478: The waist, while the other end rests over one shoulder as a stole , sometimes baring a part of the midriff . It may vary from 4.1 to 8.2 metres (4.5 to 9 yards) in length, and 60 to 120 centimetres (24 to 47 inches) in breadth, and is a form of ethnic wear in Bangladesh , India , Sri Lanka , Nepal , and Pakistan . There are various names and styles of sari manufacture and draping, the most common being
10600-529: The wearer. Newcomers to the sari report that it is comfortable to wear, requiring no girdles or stockings and that the flowing garb feels so feminine with unusual grace. The sari has gained its popularity internationally because of the growth of Indian fashion trends globally. Many Bollywood celebrities, like Aishwarya Rai , have worn it at international events representing India's cultural heritage . In 2010, Bollywood actress Deepika Padukone wanted to represent her country at an international event, wearing
10706-405: The year. The hottest period occurs in late May and early June, with maximum temperatures ranging from 38°C to 42°C (100°F to 108°F). January is the coolest month, with minimum temperatures of 18°C to 20°C (64°F to 68°F). The city receives most of its rainfall during the southwest monsoon, though it also gets significant rainfall from the northeast monsoon between mid-October and mid-December. Kakinada
10812-480: Was a key migration point in Andhra. Kakinada's economy is driven by industries such as fertilizer production, natural gas extraction, edible oil refineries, and food processing. It is also a growing hub for information technology and power generation. Kakinada plays a vital role in the Krishna-Godavari Basin as a key centre for petrochemical companies. The city features both an anchorage port and
10918-425: Was elevated to a second-grade college in 1884, becoming Pithapur Rajah's College . It soon emerged as a prominent educational institution. By 1871, Kakinada's population reached 17,839, with Hindus making up 94% of the populace. Over the next decades, the population grew significantly, increasing by 61.8% between 1871 and 1881, and 40.5% between 1881 and 1891. By 1891, Kakinada's population reached 40,553, making it
11024-413: Was reorganized, leading to the creation of the Godavari and Krishna districts. Rajahmundry served as the headquarters of Godavari district until 1925, when the district was bifurcated into East Godavari and West Godavari districts. Kakinada became the headquarters of East Godavari, while Eluru became the headquarters of West Godavari. On 4 April 2022, East Godavari was further bifurcated, resulting in
11130-644: Was specially designed for her by Mumbai-based fashion designer Ashley Rebello. Ashley Judd donned a purple sari at the YouthAIDS Benefit Gala in November 2007 at the Ritz Carlton in Mclean, Virginia. There was an Indian flavour to the red carpet at the annual Fashion Rocks concert in New York, with designer Rocky S walking the ramp along with Jessica, Ashley, Nicole, Kimberly and Melody –
11236-472: Was woven around 2450 BCE and 2000 BCE. The word sari evolved from śāṭikā ( Sanskrit : शाटिका ) is mentioned in early Hindu literature as women's attire. The sari or śāṭikā evolved from a three-piece ensemble comprising the antarīya , the lower garment; the uttarīya ; a veil worn over the shoulder or the head; and the stanapatta , a chestband. This ensemble is mentioned in Sanskrit literature and Buddhist Pali literature during
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