65-654: The Kakori Train robbery ( prapt of Kakori conspiracy ) was a train robbery that took place at Kakori , a village near Lucknow , on 9 August 1925, during the Indian independence movement against the British rule in India . It was organized by the Indian revolutionaries of Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). The robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan who were members of HRA, which later became
130-504: A manslaughter case. Following the incident, the British administration started an intense manhunt and arrested several of the revolutionaries who were members or part of the HRA. Their leader, Ram Prasad Bismil was arrested at Shahjahanpur on 26 October 1925 and Ashfaqullah Khan was arrested on 7 December 1926 at Delhi . Forty people were arrested from all over India . Their names (with
195-474: A car has been breached, and packages may continue to fall from the train, causing more loss as cargo is damaged by the fall or the train's wheels. Train derailment, caused either directly or indirectly, is also frequent. One such derailment in China caused a pileup in a railway tunnel that cost ¥3 million to clear, and millions more in indirect costs and loss of income. Additionally, packages or debris falling from
260-472: A cup of coffee. On August 16, 2019, it was renamed "Atal Chowk" to honor the late prime minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In 2010, to celebrate 200 years of Hazratganj, the then government started a programme for the makeover of the area. The original makeover plan designed by the country's noted architect, Nasir Munjee, several years ago served as the basis for the final plan, that entailed an expense of Rs 30 crore. Hoardings from rooftops and encroachments on
325-466: A huge food court. Hazratganj has two operating cinemas: Sahu Cinema, located right next to the main Hazratganj crossroad, and Novelty Cinema at Lalbagh Circle. The closed Mayfair Cinema was once known for showing Hollywood movies . Other former cinemas in Hazratganj include Capitol and the now-demolished Leela. Lucknow Development Authority (LDA), together with the city's administration, organises
390-529: A large explosion that destroyed the targeted goods; ultimately, four people died in the attack. Southern Pacific and the Pinkertons pursued the gang for years and distributed 3.5 million leaflets worldwide for information, eventually apprehending the members. Train robbery had become obsolete by the 1930s in the United States, and many criminals began instead targeting banks . The outlaw culture in
455-460: A monthly carnival on the second Sunday of each month in Hazratganj market. On this night, the market becomes a no-parking zone with barricades and security services. Various types of cultural and entertainment programmes are held for the general public. Lucknow Police watches the crowd with the help of drone cameras. Atal Chowk crossing is the busiest crossing in Lucknow city. It is situated at
520-470: A prejudice against Ram Prasad Bismil since 1916, when Bismil led the grand procession of Bal Gangadhar Tilak at Lucknow. He had also been the public prosecutor in the Mainpuri conspiracy case of 1918. The government officers had also bribed many of the accused to become approvers. The trials were mainly based on the statements given by Banwari Lal who had met the revolutionaries and was also involved in
585-587: A train can damage surrounding infrastructure. In one case in China, sheet metal being thrown from a train by robbers damaged nearby power lines, causing a blackout. Especially during the early decades of train robbery, violence against train staff and passengers, both directly and indirectly, was common. A 2017 review of 241 train robberies in the United States between 1866 and 1930 found that 91% were committed at gunpoint, 28% used dynamite, 29% resulted in shootings, 13.5% led to deaths, and 7.5% included derailments. One 1896 train derailment caused by robbers resulted in
650-505: A train. Some will obstruct or sabotage the railroad itself in an attempt to derail a moving train. Some use dynamite to damage the rails or train itself to gain entry. Before the invention of dynamite , it was almost impossible to break into safes. Criminals required the combination lock to open safes and often relied on the courier to provide it. Following its invention and widespread use, it became much easier to break into safes and rob trains. Criminals sometimes robbed passengers of
715-500: Is a major Victorian-style shopping area. It houses showrooms, shopping complexes, restaurants, hotels, cafés, theatres, offices, and businesses. Hazratganj shops sell the famous Lucknow Chikan material. Gurjari, Handloom Emporium and Gandhi Ashrams are also located in the market. The Sahara Ganj Mall is a 5-story major shopping mall located in Hazratganj. It is one of the largest shopping malls in India, covering an area of over 425,000 square feet.[4] It also has PVR movie theatres besides
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#1732773238357780-661: Is credited with popularizing and setting a narrative standard for the enture Western film genre. Since then, dozens of Westerns have depicted train robberies, including: In the 2018 video game Red Dead Redemption 2 , train robberies are a source of income for the player. One of the game's cutscenes recreated the opening train robbery scene in The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford shot-for-shot . Other notable train robberies in media include: Hazratganj#History Hazratganj ,
845-467: Is now called Sibtainabad Imambara , a centrally protected monument, also under the U.P. Shia Central Board of Waqfs, situated on Mahatma Gandhi Marg, opposite Halwasiya Market. The memorial, which was under heavy encroachment and neglect, has recently been restored to its old glory and is a heritage Lover's delight. The Indian Coffee House (ICH) came up during the First World War (1914–1918) and
910-576: Is rare, and the majority of robberies on freight trains are nonviolent, as robbers prefer to avoid confrontation in most cases. However, passengers aboard carrier trains generally still fear being victimized. A 2024 study on Swedish rail safety reported 19% of surveyed passengers feared robbery while on or waiting for a train. Railroad companies have long hired private security agencies to protect cargo during transport, or even establish their own internal police forces to patrol railroads. They may also hire private detectives to investigate and deter theft. In
975-632: Is the downtown and main shopping hub of Lucknow , the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . In addition to bazaars , it also contains shopping complexes, restaurants, hotels, theatres, cafés and many offices. In 1827, the then Nawab Nasir-ud-Din Haidar Shah laid the foundation of the Ganj market by introducing the China Bazaar and Kaptaan Bazaar, which sold goods from China, Japan, and Belgium. The famous Taar Wali Kothi,
1040-531: The Bristol and Exeter Railway , two passengers climbed from their carriage to the mail van and back. They were discovered at Bridgwater after the second robbery. One was Henry Poole, a former guard on the Great Western Railway , dismissed for misconduct (possibly on suspicion of another robbery); the other was Edward Nightingale, the son of George Nightingale, accused, but acquitted, of robbing
1105-958: The Canyon Diablo Train Robbery in 1889, the Fairbank Train Robbery in 1900, and the Baxter's Curve Train Robbery in 1912. Several factors contributed to the decline of train robberies around the turn of the 20th century and the decades following, although they did not stop entirely. Ruddell and Decker (2017) write, "train robberies were eliminated, in large part, due to making targets less attractive, increasing guardianship, and reducing offender motivation or in other words taking routine precaution". Law enforcement agencies and railroad companies, which once struggled to investigate crimes and arrest perpetrators, began creating or recruiting specialized task forces, such as
1170-648: The Central Legislature even petitioned the Viceroy of India to commute the death sentences given to the four men to life sentences. Appeals were also sent to the Privy Council . These requests were turned down and the men were finally executed. Appeals were claimed to have been also made by Mahatma Gandhi , despite his lack of executive authority. On 11 August 1927, the Chief Court endorsed
1235-701: The Dover mail coach in 1826, when two thieves had dressed in identical clothes to gain an alibi for the other. They were transported for 15 years. Henry was sent to Bermuda on the Sir Robert Seppings (ship) in December 1850 whilst Edward was transported to Fremantle on the Sea Park in January 1854. On May 15, 1855, a train carrying gold departed London , England, for Boulogne , France, and
1300-569: The Pinkerton National Detective Agency . These bodies relentlessly pursued offenders, often for years, and imposed harsher sentences, which deterred further crime. Railroad companies spent more than they lost from the robberies on investigating and preventing thefts; "that for every dollar that was stolen in a train robbery, five dollars were spent on apprehending offenders". Trains also became faster and thus more difficult to board. Wireless communications spread and
1365-480: The Special Sessions Court of Justice Archibald Hamilton. Abbas Salim Khan, Banwari Lal Bhargava, Gyan Chatterjee, and Mohammad Ayuf were the assessors of the case. Of the 21 accused, two people namely Sachindranath Biswas and Lala Hargovind were released due to lack of evidence, while Gopi Mohan became an approver. The court had appointed Jagat Narayan Mulla as public prosecutor knowingly; he had
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#17327732383571430-631: The United Provinces . In the prisons, they were asked to wear jail uniforms like the other prisoners which led to immediate protests and hunger strikes. The revolutionaries argued that since they had been charged with crimes against the British rule (and supposedly overturning the British Raj ), they should be treated as political prisoners and thus should possess the rights and amenities provided to political prisoners. The details of their hunger strike are listed below: The legal defence for
1495-730: The American Old West became romanticized in Hollywood's Western films , such as The Great Train Robbery in 1903. Some serial train robbers, like William L. Carlisle , became folk heroes . Train robbery saw a marked decline as the 20th century progressed, although isolated incidents still occurred. Train robberies outside the United States were not as common before the mid-20th century; additionally, many robberies in Canada and Mexico during that time were perpetrated by American outlaws. Examples of 20th-century robberies outside of
1560-709: The Dargah of 12 Imams at Khas Mukaam, the Choti Chattar Manzil, the Saawan-Bhadoh Mahal (the present location of the zoo), and the stunning Baradari, which was earlier situated between Kaiserbagh, Darulshafa, and Lalbagh also emerged during his regime. In 1842, the name of the area was changed to Hazratganj after Nawab Amjad Ali Shah , who was popularly known by his alias 'Hazrat'. After the First War of Independence in 1857, Britishers took over
1625-737: The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. This organisation was established to carry out revolutionary activities against the suppression of British Empire with the objective of achieving independence. Since the organisation needed money for the purchase of weaponry, Bismil and his party made a plan to rob a train on the Saharanpur railway lines . The robbery plan was executed by Bismil, Khan, Rajendra Lahiri , Chandra Shekhar Azad , Sachindra Bakshi , Keshab Chakravarty , Manmathnath Gupta , Mukundi Lal , Murari Lal Gupta and Banwari Lal . One passenger
1690-480: The Indians and was being transferred to the British government treasury . They looted only these bags (which were present in the guards' cabin and contained about ₹ 8000) and escaped to Lucknow. The objectives of this robbery were to: One lawyer, Ahmad Ali, who was a passenger, had got down to see his wife in the ladies compartment and was killed in an unintentional discharge by Manmathnath Gupta , but this made it
1755-668: The Mexican federal government made train robbery a federal crime. China has its own railway police force, which in 2013 employed approximately 80,000 officers. Chinese cargo trains transporting electronics are usually accompanied by armed guards. Several preventative measures are taken to deter and complicate robberies. These include increased security, target hardening , heavier punishments for convicted criminals, and collaboration with different law enforcement bodies. New technology, such as motion sensors, cameras, anti-theft doors, GPS, and smart seals are all used to deter theft. Some of
1820-807: The Midwest and West. The first post-Civil War robberies occurred in Indiana ; Wells Fargo and American Express Company cars carrying money and other expensive materials were common targets. Initially, trains were perceived to be largely impenetrable—especially when compared with the earlier stagecoach—and were often unguarded or only lightly guarded. Early trains passed through large stretches of rural landscape with little to no communication available, leaving them vulnerable to attack and hindering investigation and response by law enforcement. Early bandits were rarely caught. The sensationalization of these crimes in newspapers, dime novels , and Wild West shows added to
1885-603: The Train Burglary Task Force in response to the robberies. The nature of train robbery varies. Cargo can be stolen from either a moving or stationary train in a variety of ways. Perpetrators of train robberies may work alone or in groups and might be committed by gangs or other organized crime . Sometimes, gangs might recuit local residents to partake in the robbery. Goods are often stolen from unattended train cars and in transitional areas like rail yards, parking lots, and warehouses. Thieves might sabotage
1950-1327: The US include the 1906 Rogów raid in Poland; the 1908 Bezdany raid in Lithuania; the 1923 Lincheng Outrage in China; the 1925 Kakori Train Robbery in India; and the 1976 Sallins Train robbery in Ireland. Some countries were an exception to this rule. Egypt , then a British colony , struggled with an epidemic of train robberies during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. At the time, Egypt had high rates of poverty and social inequality, leading some citizens to turn to crime; some of these were train employees who were underpaid. An unorganized and ill-equipped police force hampered efforts to resolve cases; during this time, only about 17% of train robbers were apprehended. Some gangs were sheltered by local residents, and in turn gangs often used their profits to support their communities. Most cases occurred in Gharbia Governorate , Beheira Governorate , and Cairo and Giza . Egypt established its Railway Police force in 1893, and this combined with new advances in security and forensic technology led to
2015-541: The appeal for copycat and repeat crimes. Infamous train robbers from this era include Butch Cassidy , Bill Miner , and Jesse James . Jesse James is mistakenly thought to have completed the first successful train robbery in the American West when on July 21, 1873, the James–Younger Gang took US$ 3,000 from a Rock Island Railroad train after derailing it southwest of the town of Adair, Iowa . However,
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2080-403: The arrested revolutionaries was provided by Govind Ballabh Pant , Mohan Lal Saxena, Chandra Bhanu Gupta, Ajit Prasad Jain, Gopi Nath Srivastava, R. M. Bahadurji, B. K. Chaudhury and Kripa Shankar Hajela. Pandit Jagat Narayan Mulla , a leading advocate from Lucknow and uncle-in-law of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru refused to defend the arrested revolutionaries. He was appointed as public prosecutor by
2145-451: The city, and Hazratganj was modelled after London's Queen Street. Many old Mughal-style buildings were demolished and new European structures came up. Ring Theatre, the present GPO, served as the ballroom and theatre for the British officers and was called the 'Entertainment Centre'. It's another matter that its doors would be closed for the natives. This place was exclusively for Britishers, and natives were barred from entering. Later on, it
2210-412: The deaths of about 27 passengers. Such violence only added to the high mortality rate of railroad employees, which during the first decades of operation averaged about 12,000 deaths annually. Additionally, perpetrator death was high; in almost 10% of cases, robbers died at the scene or during apprehension. Others were later executed, lynched , or died by suicide. Today, violence against train employees
2275-582: The development of railroads , stagecoach robbery was common. Especially in Europe and North America, stagecoaches and mail couriers were frequently targeted for their cargo. As coaches and horses were phased out in favor of trains, which could haul far more freight and passengers, so too did robbers adjust their targets. Several major train robberies occurred in England in the mid-19th century. The Great Western Mail Robbery occurred in 1849. In two robberies on
2340-440: The early decades of train robbery, sheriffs would often recruit vigilante posses of citizens to apprehend perpetrators. Of the robberies during 1965–1930 studied by Ruddell and Decker, up to 90% of all train robbers were eventually caught. Those who survived the arrest—30% died during the confrontation—were sentenced to prison and sometimes faced capital punishment or were lynched . In response to increased cargo train traffic,
2405-516: The first peacetime train robbery in the United States occurred on October 6, 1866, when robbers boarded an Ohio & Mississippi train shortly after it left Seymour, Indiana . They broke into one safe and tipped the other off the train before jumping off. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency later traced the crime to the Reno Gang . There was one earlier train robbery in May 1865 , but because it
2470-578: The gradual decrease of train robberies after 1904. The Great Train Robbery of 1963, the UK's most infamous occurrence, occurred in Buckinghamshire in 1963. On April 8, a group of robbers targeted a Post Office train enroute from Glasgow to London and stole over £2.3 million in parcels. Apprehended members of the gang were sentenced to a collective total of 307 years imprisonment. Modern train robbery still exists, although it no longer resembles
2535-563: The invention of locomotives in the early 19th century, trains have often been the target of robbery , in which the goal is to steal money or other valuables. Train robbery was especially common during the 19th century and is commonly associated with gangs of outlaws in the American Old West . It has continued into the 21st century, with criminals usually targeting freight trains carrying commercial cargo, or targeting passengers of public transportation for their valuables. Prior to
2600-524: The law of court. Among the political figures who came out in support of those arrested for the Kakori train robbery were: Motilal Nehru , Madan Mohan Malaviya , Muhammad Ali Jinnah , Lala Lajpat Rai , Jawaharlal Nehru , Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi , Shiv Prasad Gupta , Shri Prakash and Acharya Narendra Dev . Train There were widespread protests against the court's decision all over the country. Members of
2665-410: The least punishment (3 years' imprisonment) was given to Ram Nath Pandey and Banwari Lal. Following the arrest of Ashfaqullah Khan , the police interrogated him to try to gain supplementary evidence against his accomplices but he refused. Another supplementary case was filed against Ashfaqulla Khan and Sachindranath Bakshi in the court of Special Sessions Judge John Reginald William Bennett. An appeal
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2730-453: The most notable train robbers and gangs are: Train robberies are a common depiction in Western films and media. The first movie to depict a train robbery was the 1903 silent film The Great Train Robbery , produced by Edison Studios . This 11-minute film depicts a gang of outlaws who rob a train, only to later be hunted down by vigilantes and killed in a shootout. The Great Train Robbery
2795-590: The mythos set by Hollywood Westerns. Thieves often target train cars carrying cargo for large corporations, such as Walmart and Amazon ; and are most interested in commercial goods, particularly electronics, or raw industrial materials like metals and textiles. In the United States, the Los Angeles Basin is the most common spot for freight to be stolen en route. Other hotspots include areas near large depots, like Detroit , Chicago , and Memphis . In Mexico in 2011, train theft had increased by 120% from
2860-498: The original judgement with an exception of one (7 yrs) punishment from the judgement of 6 April. A mercy appeal was filed in due course before the Provincial Governor of U.P. by the members of the legislative council which was dismissed. Ram Prasad Bismil wrote a letter to Madan Mohan Malaviya on 9 September 1927 from Gorakhpur Jail. Malviya sent a memorandum to the then Viceroy and Governor-General of India Irwin with
2925-475: The place and date of arrest) are: Arrested later — Of the above, Sachindranath Sanyal, Rajendra Lahiri, and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee had already been arrested in Bengal . Lahiri was prosecuted in a Dakshineshwar bombing case, while Ashfaqullah Khan and Sachindranath Bakshi were arrested later when the main Kakori action case was over. A supplementary case was filed against these two and they were prosecuted in
2990-426: The planning the robbery activities taken up by the group at Bamrauli (25 December 1924), Bichpuri (9 March 1925) and Dwarikapur (25 May 1925). So, his statement was used as the main evidence to prove the HRA members guilty. The judgement of the case trials of Sessions Court was pronounced on 6 April 1927 as follows — Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death. Sachindranath Sanyal
3055-524: The population and law enforcement presence in once-sparse areas grew, making crime reporting and response much faster. The first train robbery to be reported by telephone occurred in 1907. In 1923, what would later be dubbed the "Last Great Train Robbery", the DeAutremont Brothers targeted a Southern Pacific Railroad carrying mail. The would-be robbers attempted to breach the mail car using dynamite but accidentally used too much, causing
3120-401: The previous year. Railroads in the south-central part of the country, such as Zacatecas , Veracruz , Puebla , and Guanajuato , are at the highest risk. The area around Acultzingo has the highest rate of train robberies, recording 521 in 2017–2018 alone. A string of train robberies in India have targeted both cargo and passengers. On August 9, 2016, a group of robbers drilled a hole into
3185-456: The road were removed. Buildings were painted in a uniform crème and pink; the same size and colour signage, stone pavements, Victorian-style balustrades, lamp posts, waste bins, benches, an open-air tiny amphitheatre, and colourful fountains were constructed. The century-old fire station was demolished to make way for the modern multi-level parking. "Ganjing" is ambling and shopping in the wide lanes and by lanes of city's Ganj market. Hazratganj
3250-998: The roof of a secure car aboard the Chennai–Salem Express and stole ₹ 57.8 million ($ 860,000; £570,000). The train had been transporting ₹342 crore from the Indian Overseas Bank to the Reserve Bank of India in Chennai . The Indian media dubbed it "the great train robbery". Eight arrests were made in 2018 in connection with the heist. Since 2023, several instances of armed dacoits boarding trains and robbing money, mobile phones, and valuables from passengers have been reported aboard Indian passenger trains. Multiple people have been injured in these attacks. In 2021, train robberies in Los Angeles resulted in hundreds of discarded packages to be strewn about
3315-509: The same manner. Chandrashekhar Azad was the only participant to not get arrested. Bismil and some others were charged with various offences, including robbery and murder. Fourteen people were released due to a lack of evidence. Two of the accused – Ashfaqullah Khan and Sachindranath Bakshi were captured after the trial. Chandrashekhar Azad reorganized the HRA in 1928 and operated it until his death on 27 February 1931. Charges pressed against further three men were dropped. Damodar Swarup Seth
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#17327732383573380-635: The signatures of 78 Members of Central Legislature , which was also turned down. On 16 September 1927, the final mercy appeal was forwarded to Privy Council at London and to the King-Emperor through a famous lawyer of England, Henry S. L. Polak , but the British Government, who had already decided to hang them, sent their final decision to the India office of Viceroy that all the four condemned prisoners were to be hanged till death by 19 December 1927 positively. Train robbery Since
3445-498: The size of trains has also increased. Ferromex , Mexico's largest railroad company, reported that its carload volume had increased by 6.6% in 2011. Financial losses to train robbery are difficult to calculate and vary from one crime to another. Robberies during the American Old West period resulted in an average loss of $ 9,980 per crime. In 2006, 11,711 train robberies in China were reported, with losses totalling ¥41.7 million ($ 6.8 million). Sometimes, train drivers do not realize
3510-494: The tracks. Trains were targeted on a section of tracks that they must slow down on and that are easy to access. Thieves used bolt cutters to cut open the locks on shipping containers and took the packages inside. The dropped packages were then picked over by thieves as well as passerby. Union Pacific estimated that losses were in the millions from all the stolen merchandise. By late 2021, an average of 90 containers were broken into daily. The Los Angeles Police Department assembled
3575-447: The train itself and bypass security measures, either causing it to drop cargo, creating a distraction, or triggering an emergency stop, thereby creating an easier method of boarding the train. Sometimes, thieves will climb onto the train and pass or spill cargo onto the ground below, where packages can be retrieved. However, as was much more common historically but is still done today, robbers sometimes use more violent means of breaching
3640-634: The train's carriages at gunpoint , stealing their jewelry or currency . Contrary to the method romanticized by Hollywood , outlaws in the American Old West were never known to jump from horseback onto a moving train. Usually, they would either board the train normally and wait for a good time to initiate the heist , or they would stop or derail the train and then begin the holdup. Train theft results in significant financial and commercial losses. As e-commerce has increased demand for large quantities of goods to be transported even longer distances, and as trains create fewer emissions than cargo trucks,
3705-561: Was committed by armed guerrillas and occurred shortly after the end of the Civil War, it is not considered to be the first train robbery in the United States. Train robberies peaked in the 1890s. Although they occurred in a wide variety of states, California , Missouri , Texas , and Oklahoma recorded the highest numbers. Notable robberies during this period include the Union Pacific Big Springs robbery in 1877,
3770-660: Was converted into a special court and witnessed the hearing of the Kakori Conspiracy case. In 1929–1932, the building was renovated in Gothic style, and a clock tower was constructed in the centre and The GPO, which was then situated in Janpath, was shifted to this building after that. When Amjad Ali Shah died, his son, Wajid Ali Shah , got an imambara constructed in Sibtainabad for 10 lacs. The magnificent edifice
3835-423: Was discharged due to illness, while Veer Bhadra Tiwari and Jyoti Shankar Dixit were suspected of providing information to the authorities. Two other individuals – Banarsi Lal and Indubhushan Mitra came to be approvers in return for a lenient sentence. Charges against 19 of the accused were withdrawn (2 had become approvers while 17 people had been released). The trial against the remaining 21 began on 1 May 1926 at
3900-489: Was filed in the then Chief Court of Oudh (now Allahabad High Court – Lucknow Bench) on 18 July 1927. The case trials started the next day. The judgement of the trial was pronounced a month later on 11 August. The punishments were given as follows: After the court gave the judgement of the main Kakori Action Case on 6 April 1927, a group photograph was taken and all the accused were sent to the different jails of
3965-505: Was found upon arrival to be missing over £12,000 worth of gold and money. The incident became known as the Great Gold Robbery of 1855 . Four men were arrested in 1856 for the crime. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, train robberies were frequent in the American Old West , where trains carrying valuable cargo, like payroll shipments, were a frequent target. These shipments would be guarded by an expressman whose duty
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#17327732383574030-457: Was given life imprisonment. Manmathnath Gupta was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Govind Charan Kar, Raj Kumar Sinha, Ram Krishna Khatri and Mukundi Lal were sentenced to 10 years' imprisonment, while Suresh Chandra Bhattacharya and Vishnu Sharan Dublish were given 7 years' imprisonment. Bhupendra Nath Sanyal, Ram Dulare Trivedi, Prem Krishna Khanna and Pranawesh Chatterjee were sentenced to imprisonment for 5 years' and
4095-472: Was killed unintentionally. On 9 August 1925, the Number 8 Down Train was travelling from Shahjahanpur to Lucknow . When it passed Kakori , one of the revolutionary, Rajendra Lahiri pulled the emergency chain to stop the train and subsequently, the other revolutionaries overpowered the guard. It is believed that they looted that specific train because it was carrying the money bags (taxes) which belonged to
4160-526: Was then owned by the Filmistan Cinema, which today is known as Sahu Cinema. Unlike Mayfair and Ring Theatre, ICH was crowded by Indians all the time. In the 1920s, the place became a paradise for journalists, writers, and thinkers like Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Atal Bihari V , Chandra Shekhar to Yashpal, Amritlal Nagar , Bhagwati Charan Verma , and Anand Narain Mulla, who expressed their views over
4225-510: Was to protect the cargo of the " express car ". Changing social and economic situations after the American Civil War led to the development of gangs and individuals who took up train robbery as a means of income. After the war, many soldiers were faced with little economic opportunity upon returning home, and train robbing required little specialized skill. Other robbers held the railroad companies in contempt, particularly those from
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