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42-671: He is featured prominently in the Museum of Solomos and Eminent Zakynthians . "Let those who feel the heavy brazen hand of fear, bear slavery; freedom needs virtue and daring." -"Lyrika, ode fourth, To Samos" (1826) Andreas Calvos was born in April 1792 on the island of Zacynthos (then ruled by the Venetian Republic ), the elder of the two sons of Ioannes Calvos and Andriane Calvos (née Roucane). His mother came from an established, landowning family. His younger brother, Nicolaos,

84-462: A collection of ten Greek odes. Almost immediately the odes were translated into French, and found a favourable reception. At the beginning of 1825 Kalvos returned to Paris, where in 1826 he published ten more Greek odes, Lyrica , with the financial aid of philhellenes. In the end of July 1826 Calvos decided to travel to Greece himself, and, as he said in the dedication to his 1826 odes, to expose his heart to Musulman fire. He landed at Nauplion ; but

126-543: A living by giving Italian and Greek lessons, and translating the Anglican liturgy into Italian and Greek. In 1818 and 1819 he gave lectures on the pronunciation of ancient Greek. He composed and published a modern Greek grammar, 'Italian Lessons, in four parts' and dealt with the syntax of an English-Greek dictionary. After several love affairs, he married Maria Theresa Thomas, with whom he had one daughter; but his wife died on 17 May 1819 and his daughter shortly afterwards. By

168-592: A medieval name for the Peloponnese , and "yeni şehir" , the Turkish term for "new city" (apparently a translation from the Greek Νεάπολη, Italian Napoli ). The Ottomans also called it Anabolı . In the 19th century and early 20th century, the town was called indiscriminately Náfplion (Ναύπλιον) and Nafplio (Ναύπλιο) in modern Greek . Both forms were used in official documents and travel guides. This explains why

210-472: A period of anarchy followed, until the arrival of King Otto and the establishment of the new Kingdom of Greece . Nafplio remained the capital of the kingdom until 1834, when King Otto decided to move the capital to Athens . Tourism emerged as an important economic activity following the Greek Civil War , and Nafplio became one of the first areas to develop mass tourism in the mainland. Nowadays it

252-629: A place of considerable importance, and has continued so down to the present day. In the time of the Crusades it first emerges from obscurity. Nafplio was taken in 1212 by French Crusaders of the Principality of Achaea . It became part of the lordship of Argos and Nauplia , which in 1388 was sold to the Republic of Venice, who regarded it as one of their most important places in the Levant. During

294-647: A poet. He has been interred in the mausoleum since 1968. Andreas Kalvos (April 1, 1792 - November 3, 1869) was born in Zakynthos (under the rule of the Venetian Republic). He published five volumes of poetry and drama. Other prominent Zakynthians featured in the museum include: Official website 37°47′18″N 20°53′55″E  /  37.78847°N 20.89865°E  / 37.78847; 20.89865 Nauplion Nafplio or Nauplio ( Greek : Ναύπλιο , romanized :  Náfplio )

336-489: A woman twenty years younger than he. They settled at Louth, Lincolnshire , where they ran a school for girls. Kalvos died on 3 November 1869 in Louth. His widow died in 1888. They were buried in the graveyard of St Margaret's church, Keddington , near Louth. In June 1960 the poet George Seferis , who at that time was Greek ambassador to Britain, arranged for Calvos's remains to be transferred to Zacynthos, where they rest in

378-480: A year before, a thing that saddened him deeply, as can be seen in his Ode to Death . By the end of 1816 the two poets travelled together to Britain, and continued their association in London until February 1817, when for an unknown reason they quarrelled and separated. Foscolo later said that Calvos had exploited him, but it is possible that the younger poet had begun to find Foscolo's patronage irksome. Kalvos earned

420-717: Is a coastal city located in the Peloponnese in Greece . It is the capital of the regional unit of Argolis and an important tourist destination. Founded in antiquity, the city became an important seaport in the Middle Ages during the Frankokratia as part of the lordship of Argos and Nauplia , held initially by the de la Roche following the Fourth Crusade before coming under the Republic of Venice and, lastly,

462-587: Is connected by a branch line of ten kilometers from Argos to Nafplio. In 2011, the Corinth– Argos –Nafplio train service was suspended during the Greek financial crisis . The Region of the Peloponnese is currently trying to secure funding to restore railway services and modernize the line. Acronauplia is the oldest part of the city though a modern hotel has been built on it. Until the thirteenth century, it

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504-465: Is how we know of its existence, as the poem itself was not saved). Around the same time he lived for a few months in Pisa , where he worked as a secretary; and then moved to Florence , a centre of intellectual and artistic life of the time. In 1812 his father died, and Kalvos's finances became deeply strained. However, during that year he also met Ugo Foscolo , the most honoured Italian poet and scholar of

546-418: Is one of the few Greek cities to have been spared the widespread destruction of traditional architecture during the process of antiparochí , due to the efforts of the archaeologist Evangelia Protonotariou Deilaki, whose actions went against the prevailing trend of the post-war era. Around the city can be found several sculptures and statues. They are related mostly with the modern history of Nafplio, such as

588-576: Is one of the most popular destinations in Greece and attracts a large variety of tourists, with the most coming from Athens and other cities in Greece, followed by many tourists from Germany, France, Scandinavia, Russia, the Balkans and the United States. Due to its architectural legacy, its proximity to the capital, Athens, and its mild and pleasant climate it attracts visitors all-year round, and it

630-526: Is the most popular destination for weekend or one-day excursions. Apart from tourism Agriculture is a very important sector and the city is also surrounded by a fertile irrigated plain and produces oranges, lemons, peaches, apricots, olives and almonds. The Port of Nafplio is used only for bulk cargo due to its insufficient depth and also hosts a great number of leisure ships during the tourist season. The city has not developed any industrial activity of note and all secondary activities are related to agriculture or

672-650: The Kingdom of the Morea and to a much lower degree by the Ottomans. Furthermore the city also contains a great number of eclecticist and neoclassical buildings and even a smaller number of modernist buildings such as Hotel Amphitryon (designed in the 1950s by architect Kleon Krantonellis). The city also contains the only example of Mycenaean Revival architecture , the National Bank of Greece branch of Nafplio. It

714-714: The Late Middle Ages and early modern period , under Venetian domination, the town was known in Italian as Napoli di Romania , after the medieval usage of "Romania" to refer to the lands of the Byzantine Empire , and to distinguish it from Napoli ( Naples ) in Italy . Also during the early modern period, but this time under Ottoman rule, the Turkish name of the town was Mora Yenişehir , after Morea ,

756-538: The Ottoman Empire . The city was the second capital of the First Hellenic Republic and of the Kingdom of Greece , from 1827 until 1834. The name of the town changed several times over the centuries. The modern Greek name of the town is Nafplio (Ναύπλιο). In modern English , the most frequently used forms are Nauplia and Navplion . The oldest reference to Nafplio appears to be in

798-497: The 1970s, have nearly doubled its land area. The municipality Nafplio was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 4 former municipalities, that became municipal units: The municipality has an area of 390.241 km , the municipal unit 33.619 km . The municipal unit Nafplio consists of the communities Nafplio, Aria , Lefkakia and Pyrgiotika. The area surrounding Nafplio has been inhabited since ancient times, but few signs of this, aside from

840-507: The church of St Nicolas. Solomos Museum The Solomos Museum , officially known as the Museum of Solomos and Eminent Zakynthians, is a museum dedicated to Dionysios Solomos and Andreas Kalvos. Founded in 1959, it is located in St. Mark's Square, in the northern part of Zakynthos . The museum features local art from the 18th and 19th centuries, sculptures, musical instruments contemporary to

882-618: The city and it was easily retaken by the Ottomans in 1715. Palamidi is located on a hill north of the old town. During the Greek War of Independence , it played a major role. It was captured by forces of Staikopoulos and Kolokotronis in November 1822. During the Greek War of Independence , Nafplio was a major Ottoman stronghold and was besieged for more than a year. The town finally surrendered on account of forced starvation. After its capture, because of its strong fortifications, it became

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924-399: The construction industry. Since 1952, the town has been served by public bus ( KTEL Argolida), which provides daily services to all destinations in region as well as other major Greek centers such as Athens. The journey to Athens takes two to two hours and 20 minutes, going via Corinth/Isthmos and Argos . Rail service began in 1886 using an earlier station that still stands. The town

966-452: The eminent Zakynthians, and ceramics. There are also portraits dedicated to the most important people of the island. Since March 2022, its head is a female mathematician Eleni Pylarinou. Dionysios Solomos (April 8, 1798 - February 9, 1857) was a Greek poet born in Zakynthos. Among his most important works is the " Hymn to Liberty ", the first two stanzas of which are part of the Greek national anthem. In 1828, he moved to Corfu to become

1008-759: The end of 1813, because of his 'advanced' views, Foscolo withdrew to Zurich in Switzerland. Kalvos remained in Florence, where he again became a teacher. In 1814 he wrote another Italian ode, 'To the Ionians', expressing his sympathy with the plight of his fellow-countrymen, and at this period made a close study of the works of Rousseau . He also, it seems, embarked on a love affair with a woman. In 1816 Calvos broke off his affair and went to join Foscolo in Switzerland. That year he also learned that his mother had died

1050-475: The end of 1819 Calvos had a love affair with a student, Susan Fortune Rideout, but her parents did not approve, and it was considered too soon after his wife's death for them to think of marrying. During that time he may have attempted to commit suicide. At the beginning of 1820 Calvos left Britain. In September 1820, while returning to Florence, he stopped a short while in Paris . in Florence he became involved in

1092-488: The era, and, like Calvos, a native of Zacynthos. Foscolo gave Calvos a post as his copyist , and put him to teaching a protégé of his. Under the influence of Foscolo Kalvos took up neoclassicism , archaizing ideals, and political liberalism . In 1813 Kalvos wrote three tragedies in Italian: Theramenes , Danaïdes and Hippias . He also completed four dramatic monologues, in the neoclassical style. At

1134-551: The movement of the Carbonari , and was arrested and expelled on 23 April 1821. He retreated to Geneva , finding support in the philhellene circle of the city. He worked again as a teacher of foreign languages, while publishing of a manuscript of the Iliad , that however was not successful. Carried away in the enthusiasm of the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence he composed several poems in Greek, and in 1824 published Lyra ,

1176-496: The old form Náfplion (sometimes transliterated to Navplion ) still occasionally survives up to this day. Nafplio is situated on the Argolic Gulf in the northeast Peloponnese . Most of the old town is on a peninsula jutting into the gulf; this peninsula forms a naturally protected bay that is enhanced by the addition of human-made moles . The city was originally almost isolated by marshes; landfill projects, primarily since

1218-479: The ruins of the walls of a temple of Poseidon , certain forts, and a fountain named Canathus, by washing in which Hera was said to have renewed her virginity every year. The Acronauplia has walls dating from pre-classical times. Subsequently, Byzantines , Franks , Venetians , and Turks added to the fortifications. In the Middle Ages, Nauplia was called τὸ Ναύπλιον, τὸ Ἀνάπλιον, or τὰ Ἀνάπλια. It became

1260-684: The sea, which is quite different from the site of the earlier Grecian cities, it is not improbable that it was originally a settlement made by strangers from the East. Nauplia was at first independent of Argos, and a member of the maritime confederacy which held its meetings in the island of Calaureia . About the time of the Second Messenian War , it was conquered by the Argives; and the Lacedaemonians gave to its expelled citizens

1302-468: The seat of a sanjak . At that period, Nafplio looked very much like the 16th century image shown below to the right. The Venetians retook Nafplio in 1685 and made it the capital of their " Kingdom of the Morea ". The city was strengthened by building the castle of Palamidi , which was in fact the last major construction of the Venetian empire overseas. However, only 80 soldiers were assigned to defend

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1344-540: The seat of the provisional government of Greece . Count Ioannis Kapodistrias , first head of state of newly liberated Greece, set foot on the Greek mainland for the first time in Nafplio on 7 January 1828 and made it the official capital of Greece in 1829. He was assassinated on 9 October 1831 by members of the Mavromichalis family, on the steps of the church of Saint Spyridon in Nafplio. After his assassination,

1386-735: The so-called "Aegean List" from the Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III , dating to 14th century BCE, where it is recorded as npry ( nw-py-r-y ). In Classical Antiquity , it was known as Nauplia (Ναυπλία) in Attic Greek and Naupliē (Ναυπλίη) in Ionian Greek . In Latin , it was called Nauplia . During the Middle Ages , several variants were used in Byzantine Greek , including Náfplion (Ναύπλιον), Anáplion (Ἀνάπλιον), and Anáplia (Ἀνάπλια). During

1428-638: The statues of Ioannis Kapodistrias , Otto of Greece and Theodoros Kolokotronis . Local specialties include: Since 2003, the University of Peloponnese has incorporated a new faculty, the School of Fine Arts. In 2007, a single department exists, the Department of Theatre, offering four majors: Nafplio is twinned with: The city hosts honorary consulates from the following countries: [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

1470-586: The subsequent 150 years, the lower city was expanded and fortified, and new fortifications added to Acronauplia. The city, under Venetian rule twice repelled Ottoman attacks and sieges, first by Mehmed the Conqueror during the Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479) and then by Suleiman the Magnificent . The city surrendered to the Ottomans in 1540, who renamed it Mora Yenişehri and established it as

1512-648: The town of Methone in Messenia , where they continued to reside even after the restoration of the Messenian state by the Theban general Epaminondas . Argos then took the place of Nauplia in the Calaureian confederacy; and from this time Nauplia appears in history only as the seaport of Argos. As such it is mentioned by Strabo , but in the time of Pausanias (2nd century) the place was deserted. Pausanias noticed

1554-461: The walls of the Acronauplia , remain visible. The town has been a stronghold on several occasions during Classical Antiquity . It seems to be mentioned on an Egyptian funerary inscription of Amenophis III as Nuplija . Nauplia ( Ancient Greek : ἡ Ναυπλία ) was the port of Argos , in ancient Argolis . It was situated upon a rocky peninsula, connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus. It

1596-472: The year. He also contributed to local newspapers. For many years he and the poet Dionysios Solomos were both living on Corfu , but the two do not appear to have known each other. This is probably due to his wayward character. The fact he was not recognized in his homeland is perhaps also owed to that. After 1826, Calvos published no more poetry. In the end of 1852 Kalvos left Corfu, and returned to Britain. On 5 February 1853 he married Charlotte Augusta Wadams,

1638-663: Was a town on its own. The arrival of the Venetians and the Franks transformed it into part of the town fortifications. Other fortifications of the city include the Palamidi and Bourtzi , which is located in the middle of the harbour. Nafplio maintains its own distinct traditional architectural style with many colourful buildings around the old town, influenced by the Venetians, due to their domination between 1338–1540 and during

1680-473: Was a very ancient place, and is said to have derived its name from Nauplius , the son of Poseidon and Amymone , and the father of Palamedes , though it more probably owed its name, as Strabo has observed, to its harbour. Pausanias tells us that the Nauplians were Egyptians belonging to the colony which Danaus brought to Argos; and from the position of their city upon a promontory running out into

1722-695: Was born in 1794. In 1802, when Andreas was ten years old, his father took him and Nicolaos, but not his wife, to Livorno ( Leghorn ) in Italy, where his brother was consul for the Ionian Islands and where there was a Greek community. The two boys never saw their mother again. In 1805 Calvos's mother obtained a divorce on the grounds of desertion; and shortly afterwards remarried. In Livorno, Andreas first studied ancient Greek and Latin literature and history. In Livorno in 1811 he wrote his Italian Hymn to Napoleon , an anti-war poem that he later repudiated (this

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1764-643: Was soon disappointed by the rivalries and hatreds of the Greeks and their indifference to himself and his work. In August the same year he withdrew to Cercyra (Corfu) . There he taught in the Ionian Academy ( Ionios Akademia ) as a private tutor, until he was appointed to the Academy in 1836. He was director of the Corfiot Gymnasium ( Kerkyraiko Gymnasio ) during 1841, but resigned by the end of

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