Misplaced Pages

#225774

14-679: The river originates in the Barisan Mountains of West Sumatra and flows to the island's eastern coast, emptying into the Malacca Strait , directly opposite Singapore . It is the confluence of two tributaries of almost equal size: the Kampar Kanan River (or Right Kampar) and the Kampar Kiri River (or Left Kampar). The Kampar Kanan River passes through Lima Puluh Kota Regency and Kampar Regency , while

28-571: A high tide flowing upstream from the wide, shallow estuary into the rapidly narrowing channel, meeting the river water flowing downstream. The waves can travel from the sea at speeds of up to 40 kilometres per hour (25 mph), and when sea water at full tide combines with heavy rain upstream they can reach a height of 4–6 metres (13–20 ft), accompanied by a loud roaring sound and strong winds. Bono waves can persist for four hours or more, and travel as far upstream as Tanjung Pungai, Meranti, Pelalawan Regency , 60 kilometres (37 mi) inland. Bono

42-516: A row" in Malay , for the range stretches end to end along the island of Sumatra . There are 35 active volcanoes in Bukit Barisan. The largest volcano is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 miles) × 30 km (19 miles) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present ). The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on

56-478: Is a tropical coniferous forest ecoregion on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia . These pine forests are found on the higher slopes of Sumatra, especially in the north of the island near Lake Toba and along the Barisan Mountains , including the tall Mount Leuser . With 2500mm of rainfall per year, the pine forests have a tropical rainforest climate but are drier than the thick rainforest areas lower down

70-529: Is not far from Tesso Nilo National Park and Kerumutan Natural Reserve and local government planned to extend the Bono tourist attraction with ecotourism. The river flows in the central area of Sumatra with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 24 °C. The warmest month is October, when

84-479: Is not just one wave but a series of many, sometimes on the left and right river banks and at other times in the middle of the river. The large number of ships sunk in the Kampar River's estuary has been attributed to the Bono waves, called by locals as "Seven Ghosts", considered to be the incarnation of the seven evil spirits. Although they still used the river as the ground for boating agility tests. The bore

98-721: Is used for river surfing . Surfing the Bono waves is difficult, owing to the quantity of mud in the river. The river is inhabited by crocodiles, so surfers are usually escorted by rescue boats for their safety. The Bono wave can be seen at a number of places on the river, such as Tanjung Sebayang, Pulau Muda, Teluk Meranti and Tanjung Pungai, all in Pelalawan Regency. The area can be reached from Pangkalan Kerinci within 4 hours by car, or 3 hours by speedboat. Pangkalan Kerinci can be reached within 90 minutes by car from Pekanbaru or Pekanbaru international airport . The river can also be reached from nearby Singapore. The Bono area

112-595: The VEI scale, the largest possible for a volcanic eruption. The following list is sourced from the Smithsonian Institution 's Global Volcanism Program. The following list is sourced from the Study Archaeology 3°00′S 102°15′E  /  3.000°S 102.250°E  / -3.000; 102.250 Sumatran tropical pine forests The Sumatran tropical pine forests

126-635: The Kampar Kiri River through Sijunjung Regency , Kuantan Singingi Regency , and Kampar Regency. The tributaries meet in the Langgam District of Pelalawan Regency before flowing into the Malacca Strait as the Kampar River. Koto Panjang, an artificial lake upstream of the river, is the reservoir for a hydroelectric generating plant with a capacity of 114 MW. A large tidal bore that can include breaking waves occurs on

140-455: The average temperature is around 26 °C, and the coldest is November, at 22 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2667 mm. The wettest month is November, with an average of 402 mm rainfall, and the driest is June, with 104 mm rainfall. Barisan Mountains The Bukit Barisan or the Barisan Mountains are a mountain range on the western side of Sumatra , Indonesia , covering nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from

154-460: The life-cycle of the forest. There is less wildlife here than in the rainforest that covers most of the island, and there are no endemic mammals, but there are still a number of near-endemic species, including birds like the Sunda robin . The pine forests of the higher areas are less vulnerable to clearance than the valuable hardwood rainforests lower down, and furthermore, a third of them are within

SECTION 10

#1732764831226

168-516: The north to the south of the island. The Bukit Barisan range consists primarily of volcanoes shrouded in dense jungle cover, including Sumatran tropical pine forests on the higher slopes. The highest peak of the range is Mount Kerinci at 3,800 metres (12,467 ft). The Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is situated towards the southern end of the range in Liwa, Indonesia . The name Bukit Barisan actually means "row of hills" or "hills that make

182-408: The river. It is known as Bono , which means true . The river widens as it approaches the sea, and its water volume increases as it is joined by tributaries. During the rainy season, normally November to December, the volume is greatly increased, and the shallow estuary becomes even wider. Upstream the river's cross-section changes suddenly, becoming much narrower. The bore is caused by sea water from

196-426: The slopes, especially on the drier eastern aspects of the mountains. This ecoregion is one of the rare areas of pine forest in the tropics with the dominant species Sumatran pine ( Pinus merkusii ), which has become established in areas where rainforest has been disturbed throughout history by events including landslides and forest fires, as well as human clearance. Forest fire is an ongoing and continuous feature of

#225774