Misplaced Pages

#521478

64-650: The idea behind the establishment of a national honor fraternity for college education students emerged from a meeting of the National Education Association in Chicago . Kappa Phi Kappa was founded at Dartmouth College as a men's professional fraternity in 1922. It was incorporated on April 25, 1922, in New Hampshire. Its founders were: Although, Jordan was later considered to be the honor fraternity's "father", unlike other fraternities,

128-642: A congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . It is not a member of the AFL–CIO , but is part of Education International , the global federation of teachers' unions. NEA members set the union's policies through the Representative Assembly (RA). The RA, which is a delegation comprising elected representatives from each local and state affiliate, coalitions of student members and retired members, and other segments of

192-838: A 1928 merger. By June 1928, the fraternity had thirty chapters. The fraternity held a national convention at Wittenburg College in April 1929. In 1933 , the executive board of Kappa Phi Kappa invited representatives from six institutions together to form Kappa Delta Epsilon , a women's professional sorority supporting the field of education. In 1934, the fraternity became merger discussions with Phi Sigma Pi , an education honor society with 18 chapters and 500 members. The Ph Sigma Pi chapter at Northwestern Oklahoma State University voted to join Kappa Phi Kappa in June 1934. By 1957 , Kappa Phi Kappa had 37 active chapters, with 28 inactive, for

256-702: A business concept would want to accumulate all the necessary resources including capital to venture into a market. Funding is part of the process, as some businesses would require large start-up sums that individuals would not have. These start-up funds are essential to kick-start a business idea, without it, entrepreneurs would not have the ability to carry out their concepts in the business world. Fund management companies gather pools of money from many investors and use them to purchase securities . These funds are managed by professional investment managers, which may generate higher returns with reduced risks by asset diversification . The size of these funds could be as little as

320-422: A business start-up and small business, usually in exchange for convertible debt or ownership equity. They are often among an entrepreneur's family and friends. The funds they provide can be a one-time investment to help the business get off the ground or an ongoing injection to support and carry the company through its difficult early stages. Venture capital is a type of private equity and a form of financing that

384-414: A certain amount of time, usually in a year's time, rewards of the investment will be shared with investors. This makes investors happy and they may continue to invest further. If returns do not meet the intended level, this could reduce the willingness of investors to invest their money into the funds. Hence, the amounts of financial incentives are highly weighted determinants to ensure the funding remains at

448-435: A common form of funding for businesses, individuals, and governments. Equity financing involves raising capital through the sale of shares in an enterprise. Equity financing is essentially the sale of an ownership interest to raise funds for business purposes. This type of financing is typically used by startups and growing businesses to raise capital. Debt financing involves borrowing money to be repaid, plus interest, at

512-511: A company for capital investment via an online funding portal per the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (alternately, the "JOBS Act of 2012") (U.S.) is known as equity crowdfunding . Funds can be allocated for either short-term or long-term purposes. In economics funds are injected into the market as capital by lenders and taken as loans by borrowers. There are two ways in which the capital can end up at

576-416: A corporation normally provide commercial research funding. Whereas, non-commercial research funding is obtained from charities, research councils, or government agencies . Organizations that require such funding normally have to go through competitive selections. Only those that have the most potential would be chosen. Funding is vital in ensuring the sustainability of certain projects. Entrepreneurs with

640-552: A desirable level. Venture Capital (VC) is a subdivision of Private Equity wherein external investors fund small-scale startups that have high growth potential in the long run. Investors receive a portion of the company’s equity in return for the money invested by them. The amount of money that a Venture capital firm can raise is predominantly built on the Principal-agent relationship between the Limited Partners and

704-481: A few millions or as much as multi billions. The purpose of these funding activities is mainly aiming to pursue individual or organization profits. Personal funding involves using personal finances to fund an initiative. This could include savings, personal loans, or funds from friends and family. It is common in the early stages of a business or project when other sources of funding may not be accessible. Corporate funding involves funds provided by corporations, often in

SECTION 10

#1732787715522

768-584: A key displaying an open book in dull gold with the Greek letters ΚΦΚ in black enamel in relief across the pages of the book. The fraternity's colors are green and white. Its flower is the white carnation. Its quarterly publication was the Open Book Magazine of Kappa Phi Kappa . Additionally, the house organ , Closed Book, was circulated only among undergraduate members. Membership was originally limited to white male students who took courses in

832-414: A later date. Common types of debt financing include traditional bank loans, personal loans, bonds, and lines of credit. This form of financing is advantageous because it does not require giving up ownership of the business. One form of guarantee creates a conditional liability to make a payment, whereby the guarantor will pay the principal debt holder fails to do so. Effectively when the liability to make

896-576: A major role in policy formation for the NEA. Only a small portion of American public school teachers were unionized before the 1960s. That began to change in 1959, when Wisconsin became the first state to pass a collective bargaining law for public employees. Over the next 20 years, most other states adopted similar laws. The NEA merged with the American Teachers Association , the historically Black teachers association founded as

960-495: A membership of 766,000 in 1961. In 2007, at the 150th anniversary of its founding, NEA membership had grown to 3.2 million. However, by July 2012, USA Today reported that NEA had lost nearly 0.3% of their members each year since 2010. Following the Supreme Court's 2018 Janus v. AFSCME case, which ended the compulsion of non-union, public employees to pay agency fees, or what are colloquially known as 'fair-share fees,'

1024-401: A nation of diverse readers". NEA has played a role in politics since its founding, as it has sought to influence state and federal laws that would affect public education. The extent to which the NEA and its state and local affiliates engage in political activities, especially during election cycles, has been a source of controversy. The organization tracks legislation related to education and

1088-467: A payment is trigged the guarantor becomes a funder. Government could allocate funds itself or through government agencies to projects that benefit the public through a selection process to students or researchers and even organizations. At least two external peer-reviewers and an internal research award committee review each application. The research awards committee would meet some time to discuss shortlisted applications. A further shortlist and ranking

1152-454: A tentative embrace of collective bargaining and teacher strikes, and the creation of a political action committee . These changes culminated in a new constitution adopted in 1973. The constitution expelled school administrators entirely and made structural changes to allow the NEA to operate as a labor union. In the 1970s, more militant politics came to characterize the NEA. Its political action committee engaged in local election campaigns, and

1216-531: A test pilot of SOFA began in the Netherlands. A company or an individual may secure a loan to get access to capital. Often borrowers must use a secured loan where assets are pledged as collateral. If the borrower defaults, ownership of the collateral reverts to the lender. Both tangible and intangible assets can be used to secure loans. The use of IP as collateral in IP-backed finance transactions

1280-605: A total of 65 chapters installed. By 1963 , it had 40 active chapters, 28 inactive. However, closures continued to plague the fraternity; by 2016 , the Alpha Eta chapter Ohio State University was the only remaining active chapter. Its offices are located at 1945 North High Street in Columbus, Ohio. It was a former member of the Professional Fraternity Association . The badge is in the form of

1344-492: A year-long program with special celebrations in March as National Reading Month. Read Across America Day began in 1998, on March 2 which was the birthday of the popular children's author, Dr. Seuss . The NEA partnered with Dr. Seuss Enterprises on the venture from 1997 to 2018, when the contract ended. Since 2017, NEA's Read Across America focuses on the importance, value, and fun of reading and sharing diverse books and "celebrating

SECTION 20

#1732787715522

1408-432: Is a special fund for voluntary contributions from NEA members which can legally be used to assist candidates and political parties. Critics have repeatedly questioned the NEA's actual compliance with such laws, and a number of legal actions focusing on the union's use of money and union personnel in partisan contexts have ensued. National Read Across America Day is an NEA initiative to encourage reading. It has expanded into

1472-404: Is funding used for research-related purposes. It is most often used to describe funding in the fields of technology or social science. The allocation of funds are usually granted based on a per project, department, or institute basis stemming from scope of the research or project. Research funding can be split into commercial and non-commercial allocations. Research and development departments of

1536-544: Is headquartered in Washington, D.C. The NEA had a budget of more than $ 341 million for the 2012–2013 fiscal year. Becky Pringle is the NEA's current president. During the early 20th century, the National Education Association was among the leading progressive advocates of establishing a United States Department of Education . Driven by pressure from teacher organizing, by the 1970s

1600-463: Is made. Projects are funded and applicants are informed. Econometric evidence shows public grants for firms can create additionality in jobs, sales, value added, innovation and capital. For example, this was shown to be the case for large R&D grants, as well as smaller public grants for the tourism firms or small and medium sized firms in general. Crowdfunding exists in mainly two types, reward-based crowdfunding and equity-based crowdfunding. In

1664-668: Is provided by firms or funds to small, early-stage, emerging firms that are deemed to have high growth potential or which have demonstrated high growth. Venture capital investments are generally made in exchange for equity in the company. Grants are funds provided by one party, often a government department, corporation, foundation, or trust, to a recipient, typically a nonprofit entity, educational institution, business, or individual. Unlike loans, grants do not need to be repaid. Loans are borrowed sums of money that are expected to be paid back with interest. They can be provided by banks, credit unions, or other financial institutions. Loans are

1728-541: Is the subject of a report series at the World Intellectual Property Organization . Withdrawal of funding, or defunding, occurs when funding previously given to an organisation ceases, especially in relation to Governmental funding. Defunding could be as a result of a disagreement or failure to meet set objectives . An example that explains the withdrawal of funding in this case is that of President Trump 's decision to stop funding

1792-578: The No Child Left Behind Act , and other reforms that make it easier for school districts to use disciplinary action against teachers. In July 2019, the NEA voted down a resolution that would have "re-dedicate[d] itself to the pursuit of increased student learning in every public school in America by putting a renewed emphasis on quality education". With the modern scrutiny placed on teacher misconduct, particularly regarding sexual abuse,

1856-400: The "NEA Ex-Gay Caucus" at a convention in 2006 sparked controversy. Some critics believe the NEA promotes a gay rights agenda , especially since the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals 2005 case Fields v. Palmdale School District . The case originated when some California elementary school students were administered a school survey containing sexual questions. Parents, who had not been told

1920-728: The Central College Association. The union was chartered by Congress in 1906. The NEA was never on good terms with the New Deal . Its main goal was for Congress to pass a multipurpose public finance bill that would supplement local property taxes in funding public schools. Some relief money was used to build schools, but the New Deal avoided channeling any of it through the Office of Education. Legislation never succeeded, because it would condone segregated schools in

1984-474: The Department of Education including graduate students and faculty. Provision was made for alumni and honorary membership. It admitted members belonging to undergraduate social fraternities and did not bar members from belonging to honorary or graduate organizations. By 1968 , membership was open to all races, and the fraternity was similarly open to both genders. Kappa Phi Kappa has chartered 68 chapters in

Kappa Phi Kappa - Misplaced Pages Continue

2048-596: The NEA and the AFL–CIO also announced that, for the first time, stand-alone NEA locals as well as those that had merged with the AFT would be allowed to join state and local labor federations affiliated with the AFL-CIO. The National Education Association Staff Organization (NEASO) is the staff union representing employees who work for the NEA. In July 2024, NEASO staff members went on a three-day strike protesting what it charged were NEA’s unfair labor practices. This resulted in

2112-524: The NEA has been criticized for its alleged failure to crack down on abusive teachers. From an Associated Press investigation, former NEA President Reg Weaver commented, "Students must be protected from sexual predators and abuse, and teachers must be protected from false accusations". He then refused to be interviewed. The Associated Press reported that much of the resistance to report the problem comes from "where fellow teachers look away", and "school administrators make behind-the-scenes deals". Inclusion of

2176-574: The NEA must be recommended by the NEA's PAC Council (composed of representatives from every state and caucus) and approved by the Board of Directors by a 58 percent majority. In October 2015, the NEA endorsed Hillary Clinton 's 2016 presidential bid . Clinton accepted the endorsement in person. Some critics have alleged the NEA puts the interests of teachers ahead of students. The NEA has often opposed measures such as merit pay , school vouchers , weakening of teacher tenure , certain curricular changes,

2240-507: The NEA transformed from an education advocacy organization to a rank-and-file union. In the decades since, the association has continued to represent organized teachers and other school workers in collective bargaining and to lobby for progressive education policy. The NEA's political agenda frequently brings it into conflict with conservative interest groups. State affiliates of the NEA regularly lobby state legislators for funding , seek to influence education policy, and file legal actions. At

2304-663: The NEA's Representative Assembly meeting in New Orleans in early July 1998. However, five NEA state affiliates have since merged with their AFT counterparts. Mergers occurred in Florida (the Florida Education Association formed in 2000); Minnesota ( Education Minnesota formed in 1998), Montana ( MEA-MFT formed in 2000), New York ( New York State United Teachers formed in 2006) and North Dakota ( North Dakota United formed in 2013). In 2006,

2368-422: The NEA's total membership and agency fee payers dropped from 3,074,841 on its November 28, 2017, report to 2,975,933 in its August 31, 2019, report, a total loss of 98,908 dues payers. The NEA has a membership of just under 3 million people, with membership levels dropping every year since 2010. The NEA is incorporated as a professional association in a few states and as a Trade union in most. The group holds

2432-648: The National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools, in 1966. The NEA's merger with the ATA, its transformation into a true labor union, and other factors were to greatly change the organization's demographics. In 1967, the NEA elected its first Hispanic president, Braulio Alonso . In 1968, NEA elected its first black president, Elizabeth Duncan Koontz . After 1957, the NEA began a process that would transform it into an organization representing

2496-487: The President, Vice President, and Secretary-Treasurer plus six members elected at large by delegates to the Representative Assembly. It acts for the board of directors when it is not in session. Most NEA funding comes from dues paid by its members ($ 295 million in dues from a $ 341 million total budget in 2005). Typically, local chapters negotiate a contract with automatic deduction of dues from members' paychecks. Part of

2560-610: The Representative Assembly. The board of directors and executive committee are responsible for the general policies and interests of the NEA. The board of directors consists of one director from each state affiliate (plus an additional director for every 20,000 active members in the state), six directors for the retired members, and three directors for the student members. The board also includes at-large representatives of ethnic minorities, administrators, classroom teachers in higher education, and active members employed in educational support positions. The Executive Committee consists of

2624-602: The South and because President Franklin D. Roosevelt rejected any across-the-board program. He believed that federal money should only go to the poorest schools, and none to rich states. The New Deal set up its own separate educational program through the Civilian Conservation Corps and other relief agencies. For most of the 20th century, the NEA was dominated by the public school administration in small towns and rural areas. The state organizations played

Kappa Phi Kappa - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-464: The United States. National Education Association The National Education Association ( NEA ) is the largest labor union in the United States. It represents public school teachers and other support personnel, faculty and staffers at colleges and universities , retired educators, and college students preparing to become teachers. The NEA has just under 3 million members and

2752-516: The Venture Capital Firm. Self-organized funding allocation (SOFA) is a method of distributing funding for scientific research . In this system, each researcher is allocated an equal amount of funding, and is required to anonymously allocate a fraction of their funds to the research of others. Proponents of SOFA argue that it would result in similar distribution of funding as the present grant system, but with less overhead. In 2016,

2816-582: The boards determine to be appropriate in connection with the performance of their educational functions", and that a public school has the right to provide its students with "whatever information it wishes to provide, sexual or otherwise". NEA states that it does not "encourage schools to teach students to become gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered (LGBT)", but the NEA does believe that "schools should be safe for all students and advocates that schools should raise awareness of homophobia and intervene when LGBT students are harassed". A leading critic of NEA from

2880-399: The borrower. The lender can lend the capital to a financial intermediary against interest. These financial intermediaries then reinvest the money against a higher rate. The use of financial intermediaries to finance operations is called indirect finance . A lender can also go to the financial markets to directly lend to a borrower. This method is called direct finance . Research funding

2944-531: The current 71%. The second largest category have been "active education support professional" members, with about 15%. The third largest category are "retired" members, which have grown from 8% to 10%. Two other categories, "active life" and "student" members, have both remained with around 2%, falling slightly. These categories are eligible to vote in the union, though the union lists some comparatively marginal categories which are not eligible to vote: "staff", "substitute" and "reserve" members, each with less than 1% of

3008-485: The dues remain with the local affiliate (the district association), a portion goes to the state association, and a portion is given to the national association. The NEA returned 39 percent of dues money back to state affiliates in 2021 and 2022. Federal law prohibits unions from using dues money or other assets to contribute to or otherwise assist federal candidates or political parties, in accordance with their tax-exempt status. The NEA Fund for Children and Public Education

3072-523: The form of investments or loans. Corporations might provide funding for other businesses, especially in industries where there is a strategic benefit. Government funding is provided by local, state, or federal governments to support specific projects or activities. This type of funding can come in the form of grants, subsidies, or loans. Government funding is often aimed at promoting public policies or supporting economic growth and development. Angel investors are affluent individuals who provide capital for

3136-400: The former, small firms could pre-sell a product or service to start a business whereas in the latter, backers buy a certain amount of shares of a firm in exchange of money. As for reward-based crowdfunding, project creators would set a funding target and deadline. Anyone who is interested can pledge on the projects. Projects must reach its targeted amount in order for it to be carried out. Once

3200-523: The halting of the National Education Association's (NEA) annual representative assembly in Philadelphia. The event, which was scheduled to run for four days over the Fourth of July weekend, brings together thousands of educators to vote on the union's priorities, budget, and strategic plan. President Joe Biden, who was expected to address the delegates, canceled his appearance, citing his refusal to cross

3264-430: The incorporation of the national body preceded the organization of local chapters. February 28, 1922 is celebrated as Founders' Day as it was on that day that the first meeting to work out the detailed plans for the organization was held. The Ohio State University chapter of Kappa Phi Kappa originated as a chapter of Sigma Delta Sigma , a fraternity with similar aims which brought two chapters into Kappa Phi Kappa with

SECTION 50

#1732787715522

3328-503: The left is Dr. Rich Gibson, whose article on the NEA–AFT merger convention outlines a critique of unionism itself. Funding Funding is the act of providing resources to finance a need, program, or project. While this is usually in the form of money , it can also take the form of effort or time from an organization or company. Generally, this word is used when a firm uses its internal reserves to satisfy its necessity for cash, while

3392-627: The national level, the NEA lobbies the United States Congress and federal agencies and is active in the nominating process for Democratic candidates. From 1989 through the 2014 election cycle, the NEA spent over $ 92 million on political campaign contributions, 97% of which went to Democrats. The NEA was founded in Philadelphia in 1857 as the National Teachers Association (NTA). Zalmon Richards

3456-510: The picket line. Following the strike, the NEA locked out nearly 300 staff members working at its headquarters in Washington, D.C. These staff members will not be paid or allowed to work until a new contract is reached. According to NEA's Department of Labor records since 2005, when membership classifications were first reported, the majority of the union's membership are "active professional" members, having fallen only slightly from 74% to

3520-485: The presidency. Based on required filings with the federal government, it is estimated that between 1990 and 2002, eighty percent of the NEA's substantial political contributions went to Democratic Party candidates. Ninety-five percent of contributions went to Democrats in 2012. the NEA maintains that it bases support for candidates primarily on the organization's interpretation of candidates' support for public education and educators. Every presidential candidate endorsed by

3584-471: The projects ended with enough funds, projects creators would have to make sure that they fulfill their promises by the intended timeline and delivery their products or services. To raise capital , you require funds from investors who are interested in the investments . You have to present those investors with high-return projects. By displaying high-level potentials of the projects, investors would be more attracted to put their money into those projects. After

3648-405: The survey would contain questions of a sexual nature, brought the case forward. The court in that case initially ruled that parents' fundamental right to control the upbringing of their children "does not extend beyond the threshold of the school door", which upon petition for rehearing was struck and clarified to "does not entitle individual parents to enjoin school boards from providing information

3712-412: The teachers in its districts, rather than just the administrators. It came to resemble the rival American Federation of Teachers (AFT), which was a labor union for teachers in larger cities. The success of the AFT in raising wages through strike activity encouraged the NEA to undertake similar activities. The years between 1957 and 1973 saw a gradual shift in power to the association's classroom teachers,

3776-651: The teaching profession and encourages members to get involved in politics. The NEA has taken positions on policy issues including: The NEA is a member of the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition . In recent decades the NEA has increased its visibility in party politics, contributing funds and other assistance to political campaigns. Like other American labor unions, the NEA has favored the Democratic Party , giving its endorsement and support to every Democratic nominee for President since Jimmy Carter . It has never endorsed any Republican or third party candidate for

3840-433: The term financing is used when the firm acquires capital from external sources. Sources of funding include credit , venture capital , donations , grants , savings , subsidies , and taxes . Funding methods such as donations, subsidies, and grants that have no direct requirement for return of investment are described as " soft funding " or " crowdfunding ". Funding that facilitates the exchange of equity ownership in

3904-448: The union began endorsing political candidates who supported its policy goals. State NEA branches became less important as the national and local levels began direct and unmediated relationships. The NEA's elected leadership often supported teachers in opposition to school administrators. In 1998, a tentative merger agreement was reached between NEA and American Federation of Teachers (AFT) negotiators, but ratification failed soundly in

SECTION 60

#1732787715522

3968-502: The union's membership. NEA contracts also cover some non-members, known as agency fee payers, which since 2006 have numbered comparatively about 3% of the size of the union's membership. As of 2014 these categories account for about: 2.1 million "active professionals", 457,000 "active education support professionals", 300,000 "retirees", 52,000 "students", 42,000 "active life" members, and just under nine thousand others, plus about 90,000 non-members paying agency fees. The NEA reported

4032-484: The united education profession—is the primary legislative and policy-making body of the NEA. RA delegates elect the union's executive officers and members of the Executive Committee. As of 2024 , the executive officers of the NEA are Rebecca Pringle (President), Princess Moss (Vice President), Noel Candelaria (Secretary-Treasurer) and Kim A. Anderson (Executive Director). These posts are elected by

4096-561: Was elected the NTA's first president and presided over the organization's first annual meeting in 1858. At the beginning and for its first century of history, it had the character of a professional association rather than a labor union. The NTA became the National Education Association (NEA) in 1870 when it merged with the American Normal School Association, the National Association of School Superintendents, and

#521478