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28-453: The area was under kingdom of Selimbau, which was under influence of Sultanate of Sambas in early 17th and 18th century. Other than it, there were several smaller kingdoms and Malay chieftains such as Suhai, Jongkong, and Bunut, scattered around the region. On 1823, Dutch settlers began exploring the region and Dutch colonial government signed a treaty with kingdom of Selimbau, acknowledging its domination over smaller kingdoms and chieftains in

56-688: A Japanese council. It returned with the return of the Dutch in 1946. They installed another Sultan, who died in 1956, ending the line. From 1984, the head of the Royal House was Winata Kusuma of Sambas , who was recognised as Sultan in 2000 and installed in July 2001. He died in 2008. The meaning of "Sultan" is "His Highness" and his royal name consists of Sri Paduka al-Sultan Tuanku , followed by his personal reign name, ibni al-Marhum and concludes with his father's reigning titles and his name. The wife of

84-483: A kingdom in 1609 with the descendant of Sepudak. She married one of her daughters to a prince of Sultan Muhammad Hassan of Brunei , Prince Tengah whom later became the first and the last Sultan of Sarawak for Bruneian Empire . The child of this union, Muhammad Saif ud-din I became the first Muslim Sultan of Sambas. Sambas remained independent until the era of the Dutch East India Company , when

112-458: A population of 178,645 at the 2010 Census and 228,270 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 239,502 (comprising 123,086 males and 116,416 females). The principal town lies at Nanga Pinoh . When Melawi Regency was established, it originally composed into 7 districts. In 2007, four new districts were created (Tanah Pinoh Barat was split off from the western part of Tanah Pinoh, Pinoh Utara and Pinoh Selatan were split off from

140-462: A regency under Law Number 3 of 1953. There has been ongoing discussion about forming a new province, Kapuas Raya, which would include Kapuas Hulu as part of it, to be separated from West Kalimantan. However, due to a moratorium on new administrative division creations for financial reason since 2014, its creation has been put on halt by the Indonesian government. The regency borders Sarawak in

168-415: A total of 33 kindergartens, 417 elementary schools, 118 junior high schools, 37 senior high schools, and 6 vocational high schools, in addition to two higher education institutions as of 2020. One of the higher education institutions is Tarbiyah College, which is a private college focused on Islamic studies. The other higher education institution is a branch of Pontianak State Polytechnic. It is state-owned and

196-403: Is a second-level administrative division equivalent to a city . As a regency, it is headed by a regent who is elected democratically. Head of districts are appointed directly by the regent with the recommendation of the regency secretary. Executive power lies with the regent and vice regent, while legislative function is exercised by the regency's parliament. On provincial parliament, the regency

224-478: Is also present. 0°49′00″N 112°46′00″E  /  0.8167°N 112.7667°E  / 0.8167; 112.7667 Sultanate of Sambas The Sultanate of Sambas ( Malay : كسلطانن سمبس ‎ , romanized:  Kesultanan Sambas ) was a traditional Malay state on the Western coast of the island of Borneo , in modern-day Indonesia . At first governed by governors, Sambas became

252-427: Is part of 7th West Kalimantan electoral district together with Melawi Regency and Sintang Regency which together sends 11 out of 65 representatives. On regency level, it is divided into four electoral districts that in total has 30 representatives. The last election was in 2019 and the next one is in 2024. Agriculture and construction are the biggest sector in the regency as of 2020. Agriculture consisted of 23% of

280-694: The Japanese later on. It was estimated around 1,000 native worked as Rōmusha died in the region during Japanese occupation. The occupation resulted in Majang Desa War or more popularly known as Dayak Desa War , with Japanese expelled from Borneo interior as the result. One of leader's war and Dayak chieftain, nicknamed Pang Suma, today is regarded as hero not only in the region but also Indonesia in general. The region became an autonomous royal region within West Kalimantan in 1946 and later became

308-511: The Sultan is titled Sri Paduka Ratu . The Sultanate followed male primogeniture , with the sons of royal wives having precedence over those of common wives. Panembahan Ratu (King) of Sambas: Sultanate of Sambas: Melawi Regency Melawi Regency is a regency of West Kalimantan province of Indonesia . It was created on 18 December 2003 from what was previously part of Sintang Regency . It covers an area of 10,640.8 km , and had

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336-543: The capital was bombarded in 1812. The Dutch took control in 1819, leading into frequent minglings into succession, deposing and exiling Abu Bakar Taj ud-din II to Java. The state was stable, featuring strong, durable leaders, until the Japanese conquest of 1942, when Sultan Muhammad Ibrahim Shafi ud-din II was executed in the Pontianak Incident at Mandor in 1944. The Sultanate was thereafter suspended and replaced by

364-414: The first and second most populous districts in the regency. Due to regency seat not having clear official boundaries, the estimated population of the town could be as high as 50,000 people depending on where the speculative border is drawn; but both districts include extensive rural regions. Below is a list of the districts with their areas and their populations according the 2010 and 2020 Censuses, as well as

392-482: The main campus is located in city of Pontianak with a smaller branch for Kapuas Hulu located in North Putussibau District. On healthcare sector, there are three hospitals, 132 puskesmas , and 183 village healthcare centers in the regency as of 2020. One of the main hospital, Dr. Achmad Diponegoro General Hospital, or sometimes referred as Putussibau General Hospital, is a public hospital owned by

420-464: The north, Sintang Regency in the west and south, and East Kalimantan as well as Central Kalimantan in the east. Soil formation in the region is considered to be one of the oldest in Indonesian archipelago. There are numerous lakes, swamps, and wetlands in the region and lower region is often submerged by water from nearby rivers as long as six months a year. Settlements are mostly located around rivers due to historical importance of inland waterways in

448-426: The northern and southern parts of Nanga Pinoh , respectively, and Belimbing Hulu was split off from the southern part of Belimbing). Melawi Regency consists of eleven districts ( kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres,

476-619: The official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 278 rural desa and 4 urban kelurahan ), and its post code. Notes: (a) including 5,880 in the former Hulu Kapuas District. (b) including 2 kelurahan - Kedamin Hilir and Kedamin Hulu. (c) including 3,868 in the former Danau Sentarum District. (d) including 2 kelurahan - Putussibay Kota (town) and Hilir Kantor. The regency

504-414: The past. There are 925,134 hectares of national park, 834.140 hectares of protected forest, and 769,000 hectares of production forest. The regency has tropical climate with temperature between 22.9 and 33.5 Celsius, with 84.6% air humidity, and 38% sunlight intensity. The wettest month is May with average rainfall of 547.66 mm, and the driest is August with average 222.2 mm. At the time of the 2010 Census,

532-481: The regency as of 2019. Total roads in the regency as of 2020 was 1,108.33 kilometres, out of which 217.34 kilometres have been paved with asphalt. The regency is served by Pangsuma Airport , which is located in Putussibau and has regular flights to Pontianak and Sintang . There's also a regular bus route from Pontianak to Putussibau, managed by Perum DAMRI . In Putussibau, usage of online ride-hailing app service

560-686: The regency government. It is classified as C-class hospital by Ministry of Health. On 2020, the hospital received building rehabilitation and expansion with new buildings. Another hospital, Pratama Semitau Hospital, is a private hospital and relatively new, inaugurated on 2019 and classified as D-class hospital. Badau Bergerak Hospital, located in Badau District, is the only hospital located outside of Putussibau and also owned by regency government as public hospital. In addition of that, there are total 28 family planning clinics. There are exactly 505 mosques, 490 churches, and four Chinese Buddhist temple in

588-420: The regency was divided into 25 administrative districts ( kecamatan ). However this has since been reduced to 23 by the amalgamation of the former Danau Sentarum District into Selimbau District, and the amalgamation of the former Hulu Kapuas District into Putussibau Selatan District. The regency seat, Putussibau, consists of the urban parts of two districts, which are North Putussibau and South Putussibau; both form

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616-443: The regency with total area of 8,258 hectares and 7,930 keramba with total area of 15,860 hectares. The actual figure is possibly higher due to informal nature of Indonesian economy. Tourism is a growing sector in the regency, especially ecotourism. There are 60 hotels in the regency as of 2020, and the regency was visited by 2,339 international tourists as well as 6,805 domestic tourists. In total there are 116 registered restaurants in

644-400: The regency's gross regional product, while construction consisted of 22.42%. Manufacture industry is the third largest sector, with account of 11.28% of the regency's gross regional product. The most rapid growth is found on information and communication sector with figure of 7.02% as of 2020, while general service sector declined as many as 17.93% in the same year. Agriculture employed 62.61% of

672-471: The regency's largest towns in their urban (densely-populated) core, but also wide and sparsely-populated rural areas. Population growth was 3.48% with sex ratio of 105.5, meaning there are around 105 men per 100 women population. Dominant religion in the regency is Islam, with figure 153,486 Muslims as of 2022, followed by 83,979 Catholics, 21,880 Protestants, 330 Confucians, 291 Buddhists, 25 Hindus, and two people identified as folk religion followers. There are

700-426: The regency's workforce, followed by service sector with 22.14% and manufacture with 15.25%. The regency produced total around 680 tons of various vegetables such as cucumber and water spinach . Other than that, there were total 174,195 tons of fruit production in the regency due to significance of fruit plantation in regency's agriculture sector. The regency also produced 375 tons of rubber and 5 tons of coffee bean in

728-469: The regency. Unemployment rate on 2020 was 4.02% and poverty rate was 8.99%. As with most places in Indonesia, the population is generally young and consist of reproductive age workforce. From the population, as of 2022 there are 146,654 people considered as part of workforce above age 15. Two most populousdistricts, North and South Putussibau, contain nearly 20% of the regency's population; these contain

756-612: The region. Over time, the kingdom gradually lost its autonomy and the last king of Selimbau, Haji Gusti Usman, abdicated on 1925. The region was incorporated into Dutch East Indies and administrated from Sintang . During Japanese occupation of Dutch East Indies, the region was administrated by Imperial Japanese Navy from Banjarmasin . Japanese opened a coal mine around Mentabah and Tebaung river in 1942 to support their war effort on Pacific. The locals welcomed Japanese at first, thought them to be liberator from Dutch rule. However, due to exploitation and treatment on locals, they turned against

784-531: The same year. Significant livestock includes chicken, with total meat production of 1,305 tons on 2020. In addition, there are 132,064 pigs, 3,991 goats, and 161,777 cows. Despite being landlocked, the regency also has significant fish catch, mostly from aquaculture and freshwater catches. Significant species from the regency included Nile tilapia with 7,073 tons, Clarias with 3,760 tons, Channa micropeltes with 17,007 tons, and Pangasius with 4,236 tons. There are noted 5,297 fish ponds used for aquaculture in

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