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51-496: The mountains in the north-west corner of Finnish Lapland belong to the more recent Scandinavian Mountains and are higher than other Finnish mountains. The third mountain group is the Svecofennides , which run from Southern Finland to Sweden . This article about a regional geological feature is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Scandinavian Mountains The Scandinavian Mountains or

102-444: A tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The charge is a muskox that is black with yellow horn. It is displayed statant to dexter . The muskox is an animal typical for the northern parts of Canada , Alaska , and Greenland . It is not native to Norway, but in 1932, ten muskoxen were released near Dovre. The number has increased to around 300 (in 2013), and

153-553: A mean annual air temperature (MAAT) of −1.5 °C (29.5 °F) will be found at wind exposed sites with little snow cover during winter. Higher up, widespread permafrost may be expected at altitudes with a MAAT of −3.5 °C (25.5 °F), continuous permafrost at altitudes with a MAAT of −6 °C (21 °F). Within the EU-sponsored project PACE (Permafrost and Climate in Europe), a 100 m (330 ft) deep borehole

204-572: A thin to thick crust transition zone (as are all passive margins). Alternative lines of research have stressed the role of climate in inducing erosion that induces an isostatic compensation ; fluvial and glacial erosion and incision during the Quaternary is thought to have contributed to the uplift of the mountain by forcing an isostatic response . The total amount of uplift produced by this mechanism could be as much as 500 m (1,600 ft). Other geoscientists have implied diapirism in

255-471: Is Snøhetta at a height of 2,286 metres (7,500 ft). The 1,364-square-kilometre (527 sq mi) municipality is the 69th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Dovre is the 252nd most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,466. The municipality's population density is 1.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (4.7/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 9.6% over

306-557: Is also implied from the erosion that the nappes of Caledonian rock once reached further east than they do today. The erosion has left remaining massifs of Caledonian rocks and windows of Precambrian rock. While there are some disagreements, geologists generally recognize four units among the nappes: an uppermost, an upper, a middle and a lower unit. The lower unit is made up Ediacaran ( Vendian ), Cambrian , Ordovician and Silurian -aged sedimentary rocks . Pieces of Precambrian shield rocks are in some places also incorporated into

357-1279: Is called Den skandinaviske fjellkjede , Fjellet , Skandesfjellene , Kjølen ('the Keel') or Nordryggen ('the North Ridge', name coined in 2013). The names Kölen and Kjølen are often preferentially used for the northern part, where the mountains form a narrow range near the border region of Norway and Sweden. In South Norway, there is a broad scatter of mountain regions with individual names, such as Dovrefjell , Hardangervidda , Jotunheimen , and Rondane . The mountain chain's highest summits are mostly concentrated in an area of mean altitude of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft), ) between Stavanger and Trondheim in South Norway, with numerous peaks over 1,300 m (4,300 ft) and some peaks over 2,000 m (6,600 ft). Around Trondheim Fjord , peaks decrease in altitude to about 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft), rising again to heights in excess of 1,900 m (6,200 ft) further north in Swedish Lapland and nearby areas of Norway. The southern part of

408-481: Is dotted with glacial cirques usually separated from each other by pre-glacial paleosurfaces . Glacier erosion has been limited in these paleosurfaces which form usually plateaus between valleys. As such the paleosurfaces were subject of diverging and slow ice flow during the glaciations. In contrast valleys concentrated ice flow forming fast glaciers or ice streams . At some locations coalesced cirques form arêtes and pyramidal peaks . Glacial reshaping of valleys

459-571: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Vestre Innlandet District Court and the Eidsivating Court of Appeal . The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Dovre is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show

510-478: Is in a valley at fairly high altitude and isolated from the sea by mountain ranges, giving some rain shadow effect for Dovre. Dovre, with the town Dombås, has a subarctic climate (Dfc) with sparse precipitation. The driest season is late winter and spring, and the wettest season is summer. April on average sees just 18 millimetres (0.71 in) precipitaiton, while the wettest months July and August get almost four times as much. Dovre has sister city agreements with

561-521: Is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal . The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Dovre . Other villages in Dovre include Dombås and Hjerkinn . The municipality is bordered on the north by Oppdal municipality (in Trøndelag county), on the east by Folldal , on the south by Sel and Vågå , and on the northwest by Lesja . The highest peak in the municipality

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612-500: Is more marked in the western part of the mountain chain where drowned glacier-shaped valleys constitute the fjords of Norway. In the eastern part of the mountain chain, glacial reshaping of valleys is weaker. Many mountain tops contain blockfields which escaped glacial erosion either by having been nunataks in the glacial periods or by being protected from erosion under cold-based glacier ice . Karst systems, with their characteristic caves and sinkholes , occur at various places in

663-754: The förfjäll (literally 'fore-fell'). Generally the förfjäll do not surpass 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level. As a geomorphic unit the förfjäll extends across Sweden as a 650 km (400 mi) long and 40-to-80 km (25-to-50 mi) broad belt from Dalarna in the south to Norrbotten in the north. While lower than the Scandinavian Mountains proper, the förfjäll 's pronounced relief , its large number of plateaux, and its coherent valley system distinguish it from so-called undulating hilly terrain (Swedish: bergkullsterräng ) and plains with residual hills (Swedish: bergkullslätt ) found further east. The climate of

714-659: The Fennoscandian Ice Sheet grew out multiple times most likely resembled today's ice fields in Andean Patagonia . During the last glacial maximum (ca. 20 ka BP ) all the Scandinavian Mountains were covered by the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, which extended well beyond the mountains into Denmark, Germany, Poland and the former USSR . As the ice margin started to recede 22–17 ka BP the ice sheet became increasingly concentrated in

765-663: The Hjerkinn . The plans for the church were designed by architect Magnus Poulsson (1881-1958). People have lived at Dovre for about 6,000 years. In the Stone Age , they were primarily hunters and fishermen . Approximately 2,000 years ago, the first farms were developed at this location. Dovre is mentioned in Heimskringla ( The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway ) by Snorri Sturluson . In 1021, King Olaf laid hold of all

816-656: The North Cape ( Nordkapp ). The mountains are relatively high for a range so young and are very steep in places; Galdhøpiggen in South Norway is the highest peak in mainland Northern Europe , at 2,469 metres (8,100 ft); Kebnekaise is the highest peak on the Swedish side, at 2,104 m (6,903 ft), whereas the slope of Halti is the highest point in Finland, at 1,324 m (4,344 ft), although

867-830: The Oligocene . The uplift of South Norway has elevated the westernmost extension of the sub-Cambrian peneplain which forms part of what is known as the Paleic surface in Norway. In South Norway, the Scandinavian Mountains had their main uplift phase later ( Neogene ) than in northern Scandinavia which had its main phase of uplift in the Paleogene . For example, the Hardangervidda uplifted from sea level to its present 1,200–1,100 m (3,900–3,600 ft) in Early Pliocene times. The various episodes of uplift of

918-779: The Scandes is a mountain range that runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula . The western sides of the mountains drop precipitously into the North Sea and Norwegian Sea , forming the fjords of Norway , whereas to the northeast they gradually curve towards Finland . To the north they form the border between Norway and Sweden , reaching 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) high at the Arctic Circle . The mountain range just touches northwesternmost Finland but are scarcely more than hills at their northernmost extension at

969-508: The asthenosphere as being the cause of uplift. One hypothesis states that the early uplift of the Scandinavian Mountains could be indebted to changes in the density of the lithosphere and asthenosphere caused by the Iceland plume when Greenland and Scandinavia rifted apart about 53 million years ago. Many slopes and valleys are straight because they follow tectonic fractures that are more prone to erosion. Another result of tectonics in

1020-432: The court , travel mostly this way, because however high and deep the snow may fall, it blows together on the high mountains and becomes so hard men and horses can walk on it. The bonder run over it on skis and snowshoes . There are three stations: Drivstuen, Herdekinn , and Fogstuen built on this same mountain in order that travelers may find lodging there....at the stations there are implements and dry wood, so that

1071-600: The Nordic countries is maritime along the coast of Norway, and much more continental in Sweden in the rain shadow of the Scandinavian Mountains. The combination of a northerly location and moisture from the North Atlantic Ocean has caused the formation of many ice fields and glaciers . In the mountains, the air temperature decreases with increasing altitude, and patches of mountain permafrost in regions with

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1122-579: The Scandinavian Mountains are Caledonian, which means they were put in place by the Caledonian orogeny . Caledonian rocks overlie rocks of the much older Svecokarelian and Sveconorwegian provinces . The Caledonian rocks actually form large nappes ( Swedish : skollor ) that have been thrust over the older rocks. Much of the Caledonian rocks have been eroded since they were put in place, meaning that they were once thicker and more contiguous. It

1173-464: The Scandinavian Mountains lack "alpine topography", and where present it does not relate to altitude. An example of this is the distribution of cirques in southern Norway that can be found both near sea level and at 2,000 m (6,600 ft). Most cirques are found between 1,000 and 1,500 m (3,300 and 4,900 ft). To the east, the Scandinavian Mountains proper bound with mountains that are lower and less dissected and are known in Swedish as

1224-504: The Scandinavian Mountains were similar in orientation and tilted land surfaces to the east while allowing rivers to incise the landscape. Some of the tilted surfaces constitute the Muddus plains landscape of northern Sweden . The progressive tilt contributed to create the parallel drainage pattern of northern Sweden. Uplift is thought to have been accommodated by coast-parallel normal faults and not by fault-less doming . Therefore,

1275-460: The Scandinavian Mountains, but are more common in the northern parts. Present-day karst systems might have long histories dating back to the Pleistocene or even earlier. Much of the mountain range is mantled by deposits of glacial origin including till blankets, moraines , drumlins and glaciofluvial material in the form of outwash plains and eskers . Bare rock surfaces are more common in

1326-414: The Scandinavian Mountains. Recession of the ice margin led the ice sheet to be concentrated in two parts of the Scandinavian Mountains, one part in South Norway and another in northern Sweden and Norway. These two centres were for a time linked, so that the linkage constituted a major drainage barrier that formed various large ephemeral ice-dammed lakes . About 10 ka BP, the linkage had disappeared and so did

1377-523: The animal is thus a typical symbol for the municipality. The arms were designed by Einar Skjervold. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms. The Church of Norway has two parishes ( sokn ) within the municipality of Dovre. It is part of the Nord-Gudbrandsdal prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Hamar . Dovre Church ( Dovre kirke ) was built in 1736. The bell tower

1428-583: The best men, both at Lesja and Dovre, and forced them either to receive Christianity or suffer death , if they were not so lucky as to escape. The Pilgrim's Route (Old King's Road) between Oslo and Trondheim in the 16th century passed through the Gudbrandsdal valley. After leaving the Lågen river valley (downriver from present day Dombås ) the road passed over the Dovrefjell mountains into

1479-488: The common labelling of the southern Scandinavian Mountains and the northern Scandinavian Mountains as two domes is misleading. There are divided opinions on the relation between the coastal plains of Norway, the strandflat , and the uplift of the mountains. Unlike orogenic mountains , there is no widely accepted geophysical model to explain elevated passive continental margins such as the Scandinavian Mountains. Various mechanisms of uplift have, however, been proposed over

1530-494: The current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Dovre (incomplete list): The municipality is a very mountainous area. Most of the residents live in the lower valley areas along the Gudbrandsdalslågen river. The Dovrefjell , Rondane , Smiubelgen , and Sunndalsfjella mountains are all partially located within the municipality. The Dovre area

1581-463: The giant Dofri , at Dovrefjell , who was helped by Harald Fairhair and in return assisted him all his life. In Närke , the Dovra lakes were attributed to the giantess Dovra who wept for her husband. The coat of arms was granted on 11 July 1986. The official blazon is " Argent , a muskox sable " ( Norwegian : I sølv en svart moskus ). This means the arms have a field (background) has

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1632-408: The lower limit of permafrost, the mean glacier altitude (or glaciation limit) is related to the amount of precipitation . Thus the snow line , or glacier equilibrium line as the limit between the accumulation zone and ablation zone shows the opposite trend, from 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) in the west ( Jostefonn ) to 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) in the east ( Jotunheimen ). Most of the rocks of

1683-603: The lower nappes. It was during the Silurian and Devonian periods that the Caledonian nappes were stacked upon the older rocks and upon themselves. This occurred in connection with the closure of the Iapetus Ocean as the ancient continents of Laurentia and Baltica collided . This collision produced a Himalayan -sized mountain range named the Caledonian Mountains roughly over the same area as

1734-515: The mountain range contains the highest mountain of Northern Europe, Galdhøpiggen at almost 2,500 m (8,200 ft). This part of the mountain chain is also broader and contains a series of plateaux and gently undulating surfaces that hosts scattered inselbergs . The plateaux and undulating surfaces of the southern Scandinavian Mountains form a series of stepped surfaces. Geomorphologist Karna Lidmar-Bergström and co-workers recognize five widespread stepped surfaces. In eastern Norway, some of

1785-724: The mountains and plateaux found on the opposite side of the North Atlantic in Eastern Greenland or in Australia's Great Dividing Range . The Scandinavian Mountains attained their height by tectonic processes different from orogeny, chiefly in the Cenozoic . A two-stage model of uplift has been proposed for the Scandinavian Mountains in South Norway. A first stage in the Mesozoic and a second stage starting from

1836-556: The neighbouring national park Stora Sjöfallet . The other four peaks are located in the further north region of Kebnekaise . All mountain names are in Sami but with the more common Swedish spelling of it. Other popular mountains for skiers, climbers and hikers in Sweden [REDACTED] Media related to Scandinavian Mountains (range) at Wikimedia Commons Dovre Dovre is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway . It

1887-855: The old Dovre farm ( Old Norse : Dofrar ) since the first Dovre Church was built there. The name belongs to a group of Scandinavian toponyms that the Swedish linguist Elof Hellquist has derived from a Proto-Norse * đuƀra- , and linguists have further derived them from the old Proto-Indo-European root * d ub -/ d up - (cf. PIE * d ubrós , "deep" ), a root that is also attested in German Topel ("forested valley") and Old Slavic dublŭ ("hole"). There are several place names in Denmark, Norway and Sweden that are identified as related to Dovre : The name has also been given to giants in Scandinavian legends. The name has been given to

1938-455: The peak of Halti is situated in Norway. The Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands terrestrial ecoregion is closely associated with the mountain range. In Swedish , the mountain range is called Skandinaviska fjällkedjan , Skanderna (encyclopedic and professional usage), Fjällen ('the Fells ', common in colloquial speech) or Kölen ('the Keel'). In Norwegian , it

1989-517: The present-day Scandinavian Mountains. The Caledonian Mountains began a post-orogenic collapse in the Devonian, implying tectonic extension and subsidence. Despite occurring in about the same area, the ancient Caledonian Mountains and the modern Scandinavian Mountains are unrelated. The origin of today's mountain topography is debated by geologists. Geologically, the Scandinavian Mountains are an elevated, passive continental margin similar to

2040-557: The present-day municipality of Dovre. The heavy stream of annual pilgrims who visited the shrine of St. Olaf in Trondheim prior to the Protestant Reformation resulted in the construction of mountain stations along the route where the pilgrims could find food and shelter. In speaking of this route, Gjerset quotes Peder Claussøn Friis as writing: But in the winter people of high estate, as well as members of

2091-400: The previous 10-year period. The municipality of Dovre was established in 1861 when it was separated from the municipality of Lesja . Initially, the new municipality had 2,537 residents. On 1 January 1970, the three western farms at Bergsengseter (population: 11) were transferred from Dovre to the neighboring Folldal Municipality . The municipality (originally the parish ) is named after

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2142-523: The relief is that slopes corresponding to footwalls of normal faults tend to be straight. There is evidence that the drainage divide between the Norwegian Sea and the south-east flowing rivers were once further west. Glacial erosion is thought to have contributed to the shift of the divide, which in some cases ought to have been in excess of 50 km. Much of the Scandinavian Mountains has been sculpted by glacial erosion . The mountain chain

2193-427: The southern centre of the ice sheet a thousand years later. The northern centre remained a few hundred years more, and by 9,7 ka BP the eastern Sarek Mountains hosted the last remnant of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. As the ice sheet retreated to the Scandinavian Mountains it was dissimilar to the early mountain glaciation that gave origin to the ice sheet as the ice divide lagged behind as the ice mass concentrated in

2244-413: The stepped surfaces merge into a single surface. Dovre and Jotunheimen are rises from the highest of the stepped surfaces. In south-western Norway, the plateaux and gently undulating surfaces are strongly dissected by fjords and valleys . The mountain chain is present in Sweden from northern Dalarna northwards; south of this point the Scandinavian Mountains lie completely within Norway. Most of

2295-405: The top of Kebnekaise. In the Scandinavian Mountains, the lower limit of widespread discontinuous permafrost drops from 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) in the west of southern Norway to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) near the border with Sweden, and from 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) in northern Norway to 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) in northern, more continental Sweden ( Kebnekaise area). In contrast to

2346-677: The traveler may build themselves fire , and not suffer from cold, when they have to remain over night, and cannot find the way across the mountain. The Battle of Kringen ( Slaget ved Kringen ) took place in August 1612, just downstream of Dovre, where the Scottish force stayed on 24 August 1612. Dovre Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality

2397-709: The west. Of the 10 highest mountain peaks in Scandinavia ( prominence greater than 30 m or 98 ft), six are situated in Oppland , Norway. The other four are situated in Sogn og Fjordane , Norway. Chronological history There are 12 peaks in Sweden that reach above 2,000 m high (6,600 ft), or 13 depending on how the peaks are defined. Eight of them are located in Sarek National Park and

2448-540: The western side of the mountain range. Although the ages of these deposits and landforms vary, most of them were formed in connection to the Weichselian glaciation and the subsequent deglaciation . The Cenozoic glaciations that affected Fennoscandia most likely began in the Scandinavian Mountains. It is estimated that during 50% of the last 2.75 million years the Scandinavian Mountains hosted mountain-centered ice caps and ice fields . The ice fields from which

2499-468: The years. A 2012 study argues that the Scandinavian Mountains and other elevated passive continental margins most likely share the same mechanism of uplift and that this mechanism is related to far-field stresses in Earth's lithosphere . The Scandinavian Mountains can according to this view be likened to a giant anticlinal lithospheric fold . Folding could have been caused by horizontal compression acting on

2550-550: Was added early in the 19th century. It was built based upon designed by Jesper Mikkelson Rusten. It was constructed of wood and has protected status. Eystein Church ( Eysteinskirka ) in Dovre was built in 1969 as a church for pilgrims and travelers on the Pilgrim's Route . The church lies near the juncture of the boundaries of Innlandet and Trøndelag counties. Eystein Church is built of concrete using stone and sand brought from

2601-466: Was drilled in bedrock above Tarfala research station at an altitude of 1,540 m (5,050 ft) above sea level. The stable ground temperature at a depth of 100 metres (330 ft) is still −2.75 °C (27.05 °F). The measured geothermal gradient in the drillhole of 1.17 °C /100 m allows to extrapolate a permafrost thickness of 330 metres (1,080 ft), a further proof that continuous permafrost exists in these altitudes and above, up to

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