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53-534: The Karlovy Vary Region, as a higher territorial self-governing unit, was created in 2000 in the northern part of the West Bohemian Region. The seat of the region is Karlovy Vary. In terms of size, number of municipalities, and population, it ranks among the smaller regions of the Czech Republic. Its area (3,314 km²) covers 4.25% of the territory of the Czech Republic. The Karlovy Vary Region is

106-468: A major tourist destination. Karlovy Vary is the most visited spa town in the Czech Republic. It is the largest spa complex in Europe. In 2021, the city became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name " Great Spa Towns of Europe " because of its spas and architecture from the 18th through 20th centuries. The historic city centre with the spa cultural landscape is well preserved and

159-732: A spa town. Spa towns in South Africa include: Spa towns in Spain include: Taiwan is home to a number of towns and cities with tourism infrastructure centered on hot springs. These include: There are several spa towns in Turkey . The most famous of these is Pamukkale, Denizli where the Pamukkale thermal springs are located. Some but not all UK spa towns contain "Spa", "Wells", or "Bath" in their names, e.g., Matlock Bath . Some towns are designated Spa Heritage Towns. Two out of four of

212-633: A wooden structure, built in Swiss style in 1882–1883 by Fellner & Helmer), and Castle Colonnade ( Zámecká ; built in Art Nouveau style in 1910–1912 by Friedrich Ohmann ). The most valuable church is the Church of Saint Mary Magdalene. It is a Catholic church, built in the Baroque style in 1732–1736 on the site of an old Gothic church from the second half of the 14th century. It was built according to

265-506: Is also represented by the football club FC Slavia Karlovy Vary , which plays in the third tier of the Czech football system . Karlovy Vary is notable for its large concentration of monuments and architecturally valuable buildings. The origin of most of them is connected with the spa tradition of the city. Since 2018, the spa centre of the city along the Teplá river and the wider surroundings with

318-569: Is an area that includes the city and its surroundings, linked to the city by commuting and migration. It has about 138,000 inhabitants. Karlovy Vary is the most visited spa town in the Czech Republic. As the principal city on the West Bohemian Spa Triangle and the largest spa complex in Europe, Karlovy Vary has over 80 springs. They are a part of the Eger Graben , a tectonically active region in western Bohemia. Although

371-558: Is an international airport located 4.5 kilometres (3 mi) southeast from the city centre, at the village of Olšová Vrata. In the 19th century, Karlovy Vary became a popular tourist destination, especially known for international celebrities who visited for spa treatment. The city is also known for the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival , which is one of the oldest in the world and one of Europe's major film events. The city has been used as

424-477: Is focused on services and only small and medium-sized industrial enterprises are based in it. The main industry is the food and beverage industry, characterized by the bottling of mineral waters and the production of unique delicacies. The largest industrial employer based in the city is Mattoni 1873 . Karlovy Vary is known for the popular Czech liqueur Becherovka , which has been produced here since 1807. The Karlovarské oplatky (Carlsbad wafers ) originated in

477-686: Is known for its more than 500 mineral springs, including the hottest spring in the Balkans at Sapareva Banya - 103 °C. Other famous spa towns include Sandanski , Hisarya , Bankya , Devin , Kyustendil , Varshets , Velingrad . In Bulgarian , the word for a spa is баня (transliterated banya ). Harrison Hot Springs is one of the oldest among 18 in British Columbia; there are also two in Alberta and one in Ontario. In Croatia ,

530-612: Is named after Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and the King of Bohemia , who founded the city in the 14th century. The site of numerous hot springs , the city grew into a spa resort in the 19th century and was a popular destination for the European aristocracy and other luminaries. Karlovy Vary's rapid growth was brought to an end by the outbreak of World War I . After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, Karlovy Vary once again became

583-445: Is protected by law as an urban monument reservation . Karlovy Vary is made up of 15 municipal parts and villages: Cihelny forms an exclave of the municipal territory. The city is named after its founder. The name Karlovy Vary means literally " Charles ' Baths". The city was also colloquially called Warmbad (German for "hot bath"). Karlovy Vary is located about 106 kilometres (66 mi) west of Prague . The northern part of

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636-430: Is responsible over half of the county's spa industry. Twelve spas are in the city of Karlovy Vary. Other spa towns in the region include Františkovy Lázně , Mariánské Lázně , Lázně Kynžvart and Jáchymov . The spas are visited by Czechs as well as by people from the rest of Europe, Russia, Israel and North America. The Karlovy Vary spa wafer, a local food item, was awarded protected designation of origin (PDO) status by

689-638: Is rich in thermal waters with health benefits, and many spa towns are popular tourist destinations. Budapest has several spas , including Turkish style spas dating back to the 16th century. Eger also has a Turkish spa. Other famous spas include the ones at Hévíz , Harkány , Bük , Hajdúszoboszló , Gyula , Bogács , Bükkszék , Zalakaros , the Cave Bath at Miskolctapolca and the Zsóry-fürdő at Mezőkövesd . In Italy , spa towns, called città termale (from Latin thermae ), are very numerous all over

742-650: Is the Mill Colonnade (Czech: Mlýnská ; pseudo-Renaissance structure, built in 1871–1881). The best-known spring is Vřídlo, located in Hot Spring Colonnade ( Vřídelní ; built in Functionalistic style in 1975). The spring gushes out in a geyser up to 12 m (39 ft) high. Other colonnades in the city are Park Colonnade ( Sadová ; cast-iron architecture structure built in 1880–1881 by Fellner & Helmer ), Market Colonnade ( Tržní ;

795-514: Is the largest spa town in Germany. The most popular spa towns in Greece are Aidipsos , Agkistro, Serres , Loutraki , Kamena Vourla , Kimolos , Loutra Kyllinis , Sidirokastro, Serres , Lakkos Milos , Loutrochori, Aridaia, Pella (Pozar) In Hungary , the word fürdő or the more archaic füred ("bath"), fürdőváros ("spa town") or fürdőhely ("bathing place") implies a spa town. Hungary

848-553: Is the smallest region in the Czech Republic with a population of less than 300,000. Only 11 municipalities have populations greater than 5,000. The largest municipality of the region is Karlovy Vary with a population of around 50,000. The table below shows the municipalities in Karlovy Vary Region with the largest population (as of 1 January 2024): Other significant towns in Karlovy Vary Region are Nejdek , Kraslice , Františkovy Lázně and Horní Slavkov . The region

901-663: The Central Highlands of Victoria . Most are in and around Daylesford and Hepburn Springs . Daylesford and Hepburn Springs call themselves "Spa Country" and the "Spa Centre of Australia". In Queensland , many towns have mineral springs created by artesian bores into the Great Artesian Basin , often the only or primary water supply to the towns. Some of these towns had periods of popularity as spa towns, including Ararmac , Barcaldine , Dalby , Helidon , Innot Hot Springs , and Muckadilla , mostly in

954-536: The Ohře (which flows across the city) with the Teplá and Rolava rivers. There are several small bodies of water in the northern half of the Karlovy Vary territory. The most notable is the natural reservoir Rolava, which is located right in the centre of the city. It is used for recreational purposes. Karlovy Vary's climate is classified as humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfb ; Trewartha : Dclo ). Among them,

1007-710: The University of West Bohemia in Cheb and Sokolov. Karlovy Vary Karlovy Vary ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈkarlovɪ ˈvarɪ] ; German : Karlsbad , formerly also spelled Carlsbad in English) is a spa city in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 49,000 inhabitants. It is located at the confluence of the Ohře and Teplá rivers. Karlovy Vary

1060-409: The 1756 season to 26,000 guests annually at the end of the 19th century. The greatest year for tourism was 1911, when the number of visitors reached 70,956. World War I ended the development of tourism. Other disasters for tourism were the world economic crisis and the beginning of World War II. At the end of World War I in 1918, the large German-speaking population of Bohemia was incorporated into

1113-539: The European Commission in 2011. The water from the region is used in locally produced beverages including Mattoni from Karlovy Vary and Aquila from the village of Kyselka . The region is the home of two power stations, Vřesová and Tisová, both in the Sokolov District. The region is also part of the so-called Black Triangle , an area of heavy industrialization and environmental damage on

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1166-551: The Helidon Spa falling into disuse by 1994. Many towns in Queensland continue to provide bathing facilities fed by hot springs, but these are promoted as relaxing holiday activities rather than as medical treatments. Brazil has a growing number of spa towns. The traditional ones are: Águas de Lindoia , Serra Negra , Águas de São Pedro , Caxambu , Poços de Caldas , Caldas Novas , Araxá , and São Lourenço . Bulgaria

1219-606: The Loket ). The location was subsequently named "Karlovy Vary" after the emperor. Charles IV granted the town privileges on 14 August 1370. Earlier settlements can also be found on the outskirts of today's city. An important political event took place in the city in 1819, with the issuing of the Carlsbad Decrees following a conference there. Initiated by the Austrian Minister of State Klemens von Metternich ,

1272-473: The affix). Portugal is well known by famous spa towns throughout of the country. Due to its high quality, as well as the landscape where are located, the most important ones are: In Romania , the word Băile implies a spa town. The most famous spa towns in Romania are Băile Herculane , Băile Felix , Mangalia , Covasna , Călimănești & Borsec . Serbia is known for its many spa cities. Some of

1325-527: The annual average temperature is 7.4 °C (45.3 °F), the hottest month in July is 17.2 °C (63.0 °F), and the coldest month is −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) in January. The annual precipitation is 568.4 millimetres (22.38 in), of which June is the wettest with 71.1 millimetres (2.80 in), while February is the driest with only 27.8 millimetres (1.09 in). The extreme temperature throughout

1378-966: The best known springs are the Vrnjačka Banja , Bukovička Banja , Vrujci , Sokobanja and Niška Banja . The hottest spring in Serbia is at Vranjska Banja (96°C) In Serbia, the word Banja implies a spa town. Slovakia is well known by its spa towns. The most famous is the city of Piešťany in Trnava Region . Other notable spa towns in Slovakia include: Spa towns in Slovenia include Rogaška Slatina , Radenci , Čatež ob Savi , Dobrna , Dolenjske Toplice, Šmarješke Toplice, Moravske Toplice , Rimske Toplice , Laško and Topolšica . They offer accommodation in hotels, apartments, bungalows, and camp sites. The Slovenian words terme or toplice imply

1431-516: The city in 1867. The city has also lent its name to "Carlsbad plums", candied stuffed prune plums . The second important industry is the production of glass and porcelain. Karlovy Vary is known for the lead glass manufacturer Moser Glass founded in 1857, which is considered the most luxurious Czech brand. The Karlovy Vary agglomeration was defined as a tool for drawing money from the European Structural and Investment Funds . It

1484-470: The city proper, where a village used to be. From the end of the 15th century, after the village was depopulated, the church began to deteriorate and became a ruin. Carlsbad, New Mexico , United States (after which Carlsbad Caverns National Park is named), Carlsbad, California , USA Carlsbad Springs, Ontario , Canada, and Carlsbad, Texas , USA, take their names from Karlovy Vary's English name, Carlsbad. All of these places were so named because they were

1537-728: The city was annexed by Nazi Germany according to the terms of the Munich Agreement and administered as part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland . During World War II , the Germans established a Gestapo prison here. After the war, in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and Beneš decrees , most German inhabitants were expelled . After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, spas and tourism began to develop rapidly again. The spa buildings were reconstructed and

1590-672: The city. The Imperial funicular is the oldest tunnel funicular in Europe and the steepest in the Czech Republic, the Diana funicular was at the time of commissioning the longest funicular in Austria-Hungary . The city is accessible via the D6 motorway and inter-city public transport options include inter-city buses, České dráhy , and Deutsche Bahn via the Karlovy Vary–Johanngeorgenstadt railway . Karlovy Vary Airport

1643-630: The country because of the intense geological activity of the territory. These places were known and used since the Roman age. Most spa towns in Poland are located in the Lesser Poland and Lower Silesian Voivodeships. Some of them have an affix " Zdrój " in their name (written with hyphen or separately), meaning "water spring", to denote their spa status, but this is not a general rule (e.g. Ciechocinek and Inowrocław are spa towns, but do not use

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1696-415: The curative effects of thermal springs. From the end of the 12th century to the early 13th century, German settlers from nearby German-speaking regions came as settlers, craftsmen and miners to develop the region's economy. Eventually, Karlovy Vary/Karlsbad became a town with a German-speaking population. In 1325, Obora, a village in today's city area, was mentioned. Karlovy Vary as a small spa settlement

1749-574: The decrees were intended to implement anti-liberal censorship within the German Confederation . Due to publications produced by physicians such as David Becher and Josef von Löschner , the city developed into a spa resort in the 19th century and was visited by many members of European aristocracy as well as celebrities from many fields of endeavour. It became even more popular after railway lines were completed from Prague to Cheb in 1870. The number of visitors rose from 134 families in

1802-577: The design by Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer and belongs to the most important buildings of the Czech Baroque . It is protected as a national cultural monument. Among the most famous buildings of the city is the Church of Saint Peter and Paul . It was built in the Byzantine style in 1893–1897. It is the largest Orthodox church west of Post-Soviet states . The Church of Saint Andrew was built in

1855-531: The hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into the Nature of the water . This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after. The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy , which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths. There are mineral springs in

1908-454: The infiltration area is several hundred square kilometres, each spring has the same hydrological origins, and therefore shares the same dissolved minerals and chemical formula. The hottest of the springs can approach 74 °C, while the coldest have temperatures under 40 degrees. All of the springs combined provide roughly 2,000 litres of water every minute. Local buses (Dopravní podnik Karlovy Vary) and cable cars take passengers to most areas of

1961-552: The late Gothic style around 1500, reconstructed in the Empire style in 1840–1841. A cemetery was established next to the church for foreign guests of the spa who died in Karlovy Vary. In 1911, the cemetery was converted into a park, known as Mozart's Park, with many Neoclassical tombstones. Since 2005, it is owned by the Greek Catholic Church . The Church of Saint Anne was built in the Baroque style in 1738–1749 on

2014-448: The late 1800s and early 1900s when mineral spas were believed to cure various medical conditions. However, the remote locations of most of these towns made them expensive to visit and only small-scale spa facilities developed there. Helidon, a day trip from Brisbane by car, was more successful, particularly with growing owernship of cars after World War II . However, concerns about radioactivity and bacterial contamination resulted in

2067-488: The location for a number of film-shoots, including the 2006 films Last Holiday and Casino Royale , both of which used the city's Grandhotel Pupp in different guises. Moreover, the Palace Bristol Hotel in Karlovy Vary was used as a model for The Grand Budapest Hotel . Karlovy Vary is home to the top-tier ice hockey club HC Karlovy Vary , and the top-tier volleyball club VK Karlovarsko . The city

2120-583: The municipal territory with most of the built-up area lies in a relatively flat landscape of the Sokolov Basin . The southern part, including the valley of the Teplá River, lies in a hilly landscape of the Slavkov Forest and in the eponymous protected landscape area. The highest point is the hill Vítkův vrch at 642 m (2,106 ft) above sea level. The city lies at the confluence of

2173-653: The new state of Czechoslovakia in accordance with the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) . As a result, the German-speaking majority of Karlovy Vary protested. A demonstration on 4 March 1919 passed peacefully, but later that month, six demonstrators were killed by Czech troops after a demonstration became unruly. According to the 1930 census, the city was home to 23,901 inhabitants – 20,856 were ethnic Germans, 1,446 were Czechoslovaks (Czechs or Slovaks), 243 were Jews, 19 were Hungarias and 12 were Poles. In 1938,

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2226-577: The region, linking Cheb and Karlovy Vary to Prague. The length of operated railway lines in the region is 493 km (306 mi). The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague opened a centre in the village of Dalovice in the Karlovy Vary District in 2007. The private College of Karlovy Vary is also located in the region, in addition to regional centres of the Banking Institute / College of Banking in Karlovy Vary and

2279-504: The site of an old church. It is a pilgrimage church, in the construction of which K. I. Dientzenhofer took part. The Church of Saints Peter and Paul is a pseudo-Gothic church, built in 1854–1856 and rebuilt in 1893–1894. Since 1946, it is property of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church . The Church of Saint Luke is a Methodist pseudo-Gothic two-aisle church, built in 1876–1877 after the design of Oskar Mothes which

2332-480: The sites of mineral springs or natural sources of mineral water. Karlovy Vary is twinned with: Spa town A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring ). Patrons visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits. Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of

2385-465: The spa became competitive again within Europe. The spa became popular with Russian clientele, and brought many Russian investors and developers to the city and its surroundings. In 2017, non-Czech residents were around 7% of the population of the Karlovy Vary region. After Prague, this is the highest proportion in the Czech Republic. The largest group of foreigners were Vietnamese , followed by Germans , Ukrainians and Russians . The city's economy

2438-626: The spa cultural landscape have been protected as an urban monument reservation . As part of the Great Spa Towns of Europe , Karlovy Vary became a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its spas and architecture from the 18th through 20th centuries. Císařské lázně is the most important spa building, protected as a national cultural monument . It was built in the historicist style of the French Neo-Renaissance in 1893–1895. The largest colonnade with five mineral springs

2491-797: The third smallest region by area, right after Prague and the Liberec Region. By population, the Karlovy Vary Region is the smallest region in the Czech Republic, with approximately 279,000 inhabitants. The Karlovy Vary Region is divided into three districts: At a lower level, the region has 134 municipalities, comprising 56 in the Karlovy Vary District, 40 in the Cheb District and 38 in the Sokolov District. Since 1 January 2003, Karlovy Vary Region has been administratively divided into 7 administrative districts of municipalities with extended powers (AD MEP): Karlovy Vary Region

2544-442: The three-way border of Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. The Karlovy Region is served by Karlovy Vary Airport , which handled more than 100,000 passengers in 2012. The region is also home to two other airports, neither of which are used for passenger flights. These are Cheb Airport , the oldest airport in the country, and Mariánské Lázně Airport . The region lacks any motorways. The unfinished R6 expressway passes through

2597-928: The word Toplice implies a spa town. The most famous spa towns in Croatia are Daruvar , Šibenik and Sisak . In Czech , the word Lázně implies a spa town. The most famous spa towns in Czech Republic are the West Bohemian Spa Triangle of Karlovy Vary , Františkovy Lázně and Mariánské Lázně , listed on UNESCO World Heritage Site . Other important spas are Luhačovice , Teplice , Jáchymov , Konstantinovy Lázně , Jeseník , Třeboň , Poděbrady , Bechyně or Velké Losiny . Traditionally, Hanko , Rauma and Kalajoki have been considered spa towns. Today there are more than 50 spas ( kylpylä ) in Finland; some towns known for their spa centers include Ikaalinen , Naantali and Imatra . In France ,

2650-950: The words bains , thermes and eaux in city names often imply a spa town. There are more than 50 spa towns in France, including Vichy , Aix-les-Bains , Bagnoles-de-l'Orne , Dax , and Enghien-les-Bains . Borjomi is one such example in south Georgia. In Germany , the word Bad implies a spa town. Among the many famous spa towns in Germany are Bad Aachen , Baden-Baden , Bad Brückenau , Bad Ems , Bad Homburg , Bad Honnef , Bad Kissingen , Bad Kreuznach , Bad Mergentheim , Bad Muskau , Bad Oeynhausen , Bad Pyrmont , Bad Reichenhall , Bad Saarow , Bad Schandau , Bad Schönborn , Bad Segeberg , Bad Soden , Bad Tölz , Bad Wildbad , Bad Wimpfen , Bad Wildstein , Berchtesgaden , Binz , Freudenstadt , Heiligendamm , Heringsdorf , Kampen , Königstein , Radebeul , Schwangau , St. Blasien , Titisee , Tegernsee , Travemünde and Zingst . Wiesbaden

2703-530: The year ranged from −25.1 °C (−13.2 °F) on 21 December 1969 to 35.8 °C (96.4 °F) on 27 July 1983 and 20 August 2012. An ancient late Bronze Age fortified settlement was found in Drahovice. A Slavic settlement on the site of Karlovy Vary is documented by findings in Tašovice and Sedlec. People lived in close proximity to the site as far back as the 13th century and they must have been aware of

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2756-513: Was also used for the All Saints' Church in Leipzig . It was built with the financial support of English spa guests. Today it no longer serves religious purposes and houses a wax museum. The Church of Saint Leonard of Noblac was the oldest ecclesiastical structure in the territory of Karlovy Vary. It was first documented in 1246. This late Romanesque structure is located in the woods south of

2809-569: Was founded most likely around 1349. According to legend, Charles IV organized an expedition into the forests surrounding modern-day Karlovy Vary during a stay in Loket . It is said that his party once discovered a hot spring by accident, and thanks to the water from the spring, Charles IV healed his injured leg. On the site of a spring, he established a spa mentioned as in dem warmen Bade bey dem Elbogen in German, or Horké Lázně u Lokte ( Hot Spas at

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