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22-719: The Kashio River ( 柏尾川 ) is a Class B river in Kanagawa Prefecture , Japan , about 50 kilometers southwest of Tokyo. It begins in Kashio, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama at the confluence of the Akuwa River (阿久和川) and the Hiradonagaya River (平戸永谷川) and flows for 11 kilometers to the city of Fujisawa , where it merges with the Sakai River at the confluence known as Kawana (川名). The conjoined river, which

44-400: A new river, to be given its own name, perhaps one already known to the people who live upon its banks. Conversely, explorers approaching a new land from the sea encounter its rivers at their mouths, where they name them on their charts, then, following a river upstream, encounter each tributary as a forking of the stream to the right and to the left, which then appear on their charts as such; or

66-460: Is a designation applied to rivers systems deemed to be important to the economy of the nation as a whole, as well as those deemed important to the conservation of nature within Japan. There are currently 109 river systems with this designation. If a river system is designated Class A, all the constituent rivers are also designated as such. Therefore, Class B rivers cannot coexist with Class A rivers in

88-419: Is carried out by the local municipality. Tributary A tributary , or an affluent , is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream ( main stem or "parent" ), river, or a lake . A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean . Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they flow, drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater , leading

110-615: Is sometimes known as the Katase River , then flows into Sagami Bay at Enoshima Island. The catchment basin of the Kashio River is approximately 84 sq. kilometers. Because the Kashio River is a short, meandering stream, with a minimal descent, it has long been notorious for flooding. The predecessor of the Kashio River was the shallow Ōfuna Estuary (大船入江), which existed from the end of the last ice age to about 300 BC. Subsequently, earthquakes caused crustal uplift, which cut off

132-580: The beginning of the Meiji era , river construction mainly consisted of low water construction such as securing water for boat transportation and irrigation, but after the middle of the Meiji era, boat transportation declined with the spread of railways, and on the other hand, development of river coasts exacerbated damage from floods. As the number of floods increased, a shift was made to high water construction to prevent flooding by building levees . The old system

154-535: The consultation and participation of local residents in forming water management plans. The 1967 River Act simplified the management of waterways in Japan by merging previously separate systems into one unified water management system. Before this, the river management system in Japan was seen as heavy-handed and overly bureaucratic. Especially post-1997 amendment, there is now greater community involvement when formulating plans regarding rivers and water management. Class A river system ( 一級水系 , Ikkyū suikei )

176-460: The control of the mayor of the encompassing municipality . An example of this is the Kuno River, managed by the mayor of Odawara . Rivers that are not designated Class A, Class B, or mutatis mutandis , are called ordinary rivers ( 普通河川 , Futsū kasen ) , and the 1967 River Act does not apply to them. These do not include public sewers or agricultural canals. Management of these rivers

198-745: The criteria (15 metres (49 ft) or more in bank height) of the River Law. The management entity is irrelevant. The number in parentheses is the number of dams on the main river, excluding tributaries . The number of dams does not always exceed the number of hydroelectric plants because plants with intake weirs less than 15 metres (49 ft) high are not considered dams. The acronym BOD refers to biochemical oxygen demand . Note: Okinawa has no Class A rivers. Tokyo , Chiba , Ibaraki Aichi, Mie Mie, Nara , Hyōgo Smaller or less important rivers are designated as Class B river systems ( 二級水系 , Nikyū Suikei ) . They are nominated and managed by

220-523: The estuary from the bay, making it into a floodplain with the Kashio River at its center. As the river often flooded, it formed a lake that left behind a swamp as it drained. The early lake formed in the floodplain of the Kashio River is probably the lake mentioned in the Enoshima Engi , a history of the area. This article related to a river in Japan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Class A river#Class B river At

242-461: The following 70 years, due to post-war social and economic development, the use of river water for hydroelectric power generation and industrial water increased rapidly and because of inconsistencies that had arisen in the system implemented by the old River Act, the new River Act was enacted in 1962, with the following changes: The River Act was amended in 1997, changing its text to have a greater emphasis on conservation of natural environments, and

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264-451: The handedness is from the point of view of an observer facing upstream. For instance, Steer Creek has a left tributary which is called Right Fork Steer Creek. These naming conventions are reflective of the circumstances of a particular river's identification and charting: people living along the banks of a river, with a name known to them, may then float down the river in exploration, and each tributary joining it as they pass by appears as

286-424: The joining of tributaries. The opposite to a tributary is a distributary , a river or stream that branches off from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often found in river deltas . Right tributary , or right-bank tributary , and left tributary , or left-bank tributary , describe the orientation of the tributary relative to the flow of the main stem river. These terms are defined from

308-557: The local governments at the prefecture level , but reported to and concurred with by the central government. There are 7,090 rivers with this designation. Because all of their river systems are designated Class A, there are no Class B rivers in Saitama and Shiga prefectures. This designation is also called Second Class. 14,314 rivers in Japan are designated as mutatis mutandis rivers ( 準用河川 , Junyō kasen ) , meaning that they are not assigned Class A or B designation, and are under

330-469: The opposite bank before approaching the confluence. An early tributary is a tributary that joins the main stem river closer to its source than its mouth, that is, before the river's midpoint ; a late tributary joins the main stem further downstream, closer to its mouth than to its source, that is, after the midpoint. In the United States, where tributaries sometimes have the same name as

352-476: The perspective of looking downstream, that is, facing the direction the water current of the main stem is going. In a navigational context, if one were floating on a raft or other vessel in the main stream, this would be the side the tributary enters from as one floats past; alternately, if one were floating down the tributary, the main stream meets it on the opposite bank of the tributary. This information may be used to avoid turbulent water by moving towards

374-666: The river into which they feed, they are called forks . These are typically designated by compass direction. For example, the American River in California receives flow from its North, Middle, and South forks. The Chicago River 's North Branch has the East, West, and Middle Fork; the South Branch has its South Fork, and used to have a West Fork as well (now filled in). Forks are sometimes designated as right or left. Here,

396-413: The same river system. This designation is also called First Class. Class A river ( 一級河川 , Ikkyū kasen ) is a designation which applies to important individual rivers. There are 13,994 rivers with this designation. Generally speaking, areas surrounding Class A rivers will suffer greater damage in the event of a flood. The number of dams only includes existing and unestablished dams that meet

418-418: The smaller stream designated the little fork, the larger either retaining its name unmodified, or receives the designation big . Tributaries are sometimes listed starting with those nearest to the source of the river and ending with those nearest to the mouth of the river . The Strahler stream order examines the arrangement of tributaries in a hierarchy of first, second, third and higher orders, with

440-432: The streams are seen to diverge by the cardinal direction (north, south, east, or west) in which they proceed upstream, sometimes a third stream entering between two others is designated the middle fork; or the streams are distinguished by the relative height of one to the other, as one stream descending over a cataract into another becomes the upper fork, and the one it descends into, the lower ; or by relative volume:

462-466: The water out into an ocean. The Irtysh is a chief tributary of the Ob river and is also the longest tributary river in the world with a length of 4,248 km (2,640 mi). The Madeira River is the largest tributary river by volume in the world with an average discharge of 31,200 m /s (1.1 million cu ft/s). A confluence , where two or more bodies of water meet, usually refers to

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484-501: Was enacted in 1891 following the proclamation of the Meiji Constitution . As Japan's first modern public property management system, a systematic legal system for river management was established. However, due to the background of its enactment, the old River Law had strong overtones of control by state power, and, reflecting the social situation at the time, placed more emphasis on flood control than water utilization. Over

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