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19-700: Status quo ante bellum The Kettle War ( Dutch : Keteloorlog or Marmietenoorlog ) was a military confrontation between the troops of the Holy Roman Empire and the Republic of the Seven Netherlands on 8 October 1784. It was named the Kettle War because the only shot fired hit a soup kettle. After the Dutch Revolt , the northern Netherlands formed their own republic, while
38-676: A lack of artillery and supply, the emperor decided to threaten war with the Dutch. Convinced that the Netherlands would not dare react, Joseph II had three ships (including the merchant ship Le Louis with the emperor's flag) sail from Antwerp for the Scheldt. On 9 October 1784, as a letter to Benjamin Franklin asserts, the war seemed inevitable. That day, the Dutch ship the Dolfijn
57-420: Is a Latin phrase meaning "the situation as it existed before the war". The term was originally used in treaties to refer to the withdrawal of enemy troops and the restoration of prewar leadership. When used as such, it means that no side gains or loses any territorial, economic, or political rights. This contrasts with uti possidetis , where each side retains whatever territory and other property it holds at
76-827: The Kargil district in Jammu and Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LoC). The war started with the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and armed insurgents into positions on the Indian side of the LoC. After two months of fighting, the Indian military regained most of its positions on the Indian side, and the Pakistani forces withdrew to their peacetime positions. The war ended with no territorial changes on either side. Treaty of Fontainebleau (1785) The Treaty of Fontainebleau
95-641: The United States and the United Kingdom , which was concluded with the Treaty of Ghent in 1814. During negotiations, British diplomats had suggested ending the war uti possidetis . While American diplomats demanded cession from Canada and British officials also pressed for a pro-British Indian barrier state in the Midwest and keeping parts of Maine they captured (i.e., New Ireland ) during
114-583: The Dutch ambassador Van Berckel wrote an extended letter to John Jay , in which he explained the situation. As a consequence of this short skirmish, and under the mediation of France, negotiations were reopened between the Dutch Republic and the Holy Roman Empire. This led in 1785 to the Treaty of Fontainebleau . It was decided that the Scheldt would remain closed to shipping, but that the southern Netherlands would be compensated for this by
133-575: The Republic. At a rough estimate, the Republic paid 2 million guilder (according to other sources 10 million guilder). Much later on, definitive agreements were made between Belgium and the Netherlands about accessing the Scheldt. The war contributed to the decline and fall of Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg , advisor to the Dutch stadtholder , who was accused of favouring the enemy due to his familial ties to Joseph II. Status quo ante bellum The term status quo ante bellum
152-818: The Scheldt was confirmed by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, to which the Spanish agreed. After the War of the Spanish Succession , the Spanish Netherlands had been ceded to Austria by the Treaty of Rastatt in 1714. Since Europe's " Diplomatic Revolution " of 1756, Austria, and thus the Austrian Netherlands , had been in an alliance with France. Prussia, France's former ally, entered into an alliance with Britain. The change, sensational at
171-628: The borders unchanged. Three years later, as war with the Western powers loomed, Saddam Hussein recognized Iranian rights over the eastern half of the Shatt al-Arab , a reversion to the status quo ante bellum that he had repudiated a decade earlier." In exchange, Iran gave a promise not to invade Iraq while the latter was busy in Kuwait . The Kargil War was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place in 1999 between 3 May and 26 July of
190-715: The end of the war. An early example is the treaty that ended the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 between the Eastern Roman and the Sasanian Persian Empires. The Persians had occupied Asia Minor , Palestine and Egypt . After a successful Roman counteroffensive in Mesopotamia finally ended the war, the integrity of Rome's eastern frontier as it was prior to 602 was fully restored. Both empires were exhausted after this war, and neither
209-592: The ongoing Fourth Anglo-Dutch War , demanded the final dismantling of the Barrier system , and in 1784, he demanded the return of territory in the Overmaas and States Flanders (roughly current-day Zeelandic Flanders ), as well as Dutch evacuation of Maastricht and the reopening of the Scheldt. This happened shortly after the Treaty of Paris . Although the Habsburg army in that region was not equipped very well, with
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#1732764831851228-513: The port of Harlingen and were dismantled. According to the Annual Register for the years 1784–85, Dolfijn would have needed a full broadside of seven guns to stop Le Louis . Austrian forces invaded Dutch territory, razed a custom station and strongly occupied the old Fort Lillo , at the time used as a vegetable garden. The garrison of Lillo broke the dikes , inundating a large area and drowning many people. On 13 February 1785,
247-476: The southern Netherlands remained with Spain . Since 1585, the northern Netherlands had closed off the Scheldt , so that the harbours of Antwerp and Ghent could not be reached by trade ships, and this remained so after the revolt. This gave an enormous impulse to the economy of the northern Netherlands (namely Amsterdam), but the southern cities were dislodged from their important trading position. The closure of
266-515: The time, made nonsense of all the strategic assumptions and plans, current since 1713, based on the premises that the southern Netherlands would serve as a barrier between the Republic and France and that the Republic's security depended on close ties with Austria and Britain. It was a shift which undoubtedly made it ever more attractive for the Dutch to remain neutral in any conflicts between both Britain and France, and Austria and Prussia. In 1781 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor , taking advantage of
285-658: The war, the final treaty left neither gains nor losses in land for the United States or the United Kingdom's Canadian colonies. The Football War , also known as the Soccer War or 100 Hour War, was a brief war fought between El Salvador and Honduras in 1969. It ended in a ceasefire and status quo ante bellum due to intervention by the Organization of American States . The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
304-473: Was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar , which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. This war concluded in a stalemate with no permanent territorial changes (see Tashkent Declaration ). The Iran–Iraq War lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. "The war left
323-540: Was ready to defend itself when the armies of Islam emerged from Arabia in 632. Another example is the sixteenth-century Abyssinian–Adal war between the Muslim Adal Sultanate and Christian Ethiopian Empire , which ended in a stalemate. Both empires were exhausted after this war, and neither was ready to defend itself against the Oromo Migrations . The War of 1812 was fought between
342-702: Was sent out to intercept the Imperial ships. After only one shot, which hit a kettle, Le Louis surrendered. On 30 October, the emperor declared war. On 18 November, the States of Holland reacted: the Count of Salm was asked to form a small army. The Patriots used the incident for political propaganda and organized the Exercitie;genootschappen militia all over the country. The Admiralty of Friesland offered two new warships, but they were unable to leave
361-835: Was signed on November 8, 1785 in Fontainebleau between Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II , ruler of the Habsburg monarchy , and the States-General of the United Provinces . Based on the terms of the accord, the United Provinces could maintain sovereignty over the Scheldt Estuary but had to provide several concessions to the Habsburgs, including the payment of ten million Dutch florins and
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