203-519: Prime Minister of Australia First term of government (2007–2010) Second term of government (2013) Ministries Elections Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957) is an Australian diplomat and former politician who served as the 26th prime minister of Australia from 2007 to 2010 and June to September 2013. He held office as the leader of the Labor Party (ALP) and was
406-433: A Rhodes Scholar and who was Chief Minister of Jamaica from 1955 to 1962, and Harold Wilson , who was twice British Prime Minister (1964–1970 and 1974–1976). The first female honorary fellow was the journalist and broadcaster Francine Stock . Notable former students of the college have included politicians, scientists, writers, entertainers and academics. T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), known for his part in
609-572: A leadership spill . He was replaced by Gillard as prime minister, who later appointed him as Minister for Foreign Affairs in her government . Leadership tensions between Rudd and Gillard continued, leading to Rudd resigning as Foreign Minister in February 2012 to unsuccessfully challenge her for the leadership of the party. After further leadership speculation, Rudd defeated Gillard in a final leadership ballot in June 2013, becoming prime minister for
812-463: A "handsome reredos". Ernest Hardy , principal from 1921 to 1925, said that the work was "ill-considered", described the reredos as "somewhat tawdry" and said that the Jacobean woodwork had been sold off too cheaply. In contrast, the architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner called the reredos "heavily gorgeous". The principal of the college resides in the lodgings, a Grade I listed building, on
1015-553: A "new style of leadership" and would be an "alternative, not just an echo" of the Howard government. He outlined the areas of industrial relations , the war in Iraq , climate change , Australian federalism , social justice and the future of Australia's manufacturing industry as major policy concerns. Rudd also stressed his long experience in state government and also as a diplomat and in business before entering federal politics. Rudd and
1218-435: A continuous frieze". The Dutch gables have ogee sides and semi-circular pediments . The writer Simon Jenkins said that the quadrangle has "the familiar Oxford Tudor windows and decorative Dutch gables, crowding the skyline like Welsh dragons' teeth and lightened by exuberant flower boxes". The Fellows' Library contains bookcases decorated with strapwork dating from about 1628, which were used in an earlier library in
1421-775: A contribution to our national political life. Rudd joined the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1981 as a graduate trainee. His first posting was as Third Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Stockholm from November 1981 to December 1983 where he organised an Australian film festival, represented Australia at the Stockholm Conference on Acidification of the Environment, and reported on Soviet gas pipelines and European energy security. In 1984, Rudd
1624-565: A green paper on ETS design issues, Treasury modelling to inform mitigation target decisions and a final white paper, which would be published in December 2008. The White Paper included a plan to introduce an emissions trading scheme in 2010, known as the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme , and gave a target range for Australia's greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 of between 5% and 15% less than 2000 levels. However,
1827-473: A lack of suitable candidates, and numbers fell: there were only seven new entrants in 1842. Ernest Hardy wrote in his history of the college in 1899 that it had been becoming "increasingly evident for years... that the exclusive connection with Wales was ruining the college as a place of education." A Royal Commission was appointed in 1852 to investigate the university. The college wished to retain its links with Wales, and initial reforms were limited despite
2030-590: A lobbyist). Rudd said that this had not been the purpose of the three meetings and said that they had been arranged by his colleague Graham Edwards , the Member for Cowan. From 2002, Rudd appeared regularly in interviews and topical discussions on the popular breakfast television program Sunrise , along with Liberal MP Joe Hockey . This was credited with helping to raise Rudd's public profile even further. Rudd and Hockey ended their joint appearances in April 2007, citing
2233-448: A motivating factor in his replacement. At the 2007 election, Rudd stated: You'd turn them back. ... You cannot have anything that is orderly if you allow people who do not have a lawful visa in this country to roam free. That's why you need a detention system. I know that's politically contentious, but one follows from the other. Deterrence is effective through the detention system but also your preparedness to take appropriate action as
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#17327867751932436-544: A new gate-tower, as well as further living accommodation and a library for students, known as the Meyricke Library, after a major donor – there had been an undergraduate library in the second quadrangle since 1865, known as the Meyricke Library from 1882 onwards. The Old Members' Building, which contains a music room, 24 study-bedrooms and some lecture rooms, was built between 1969 and 1971. It
2639-478: A new quad and other teaching facilities behind, projected for completion to mark the college's 450th anniversary in 2021. The new building is named the Cheng Yu-tung building after the late billionaire entrepreneur and philanthropist Cheng Yu-tung whose family provided the principal donation for the project. The college purchased 10 acres (0.040 km ; 0.016 sq mi) of land in east Oxford (near
2842-549: A peak in 1979, with seven police vehicles and three fire engines involved in dealing with trouble in Turl Street. Sir John Habakkuk (principal 1967–1984) and Sir Peter North (principal 1984–2005) both served terms as Vice-Chancellor of the university, from 1973 to 1977 and from 1993 to 1997 respectively. The hereditary visitor of the college remains the Earls of Pembroke and Montgomery ex officio . The current visitor
3045-417: A portrait of Elizabeth I, as well as portraits of former principals and benefactors. There are also portraits by court artists of two other monarchs who were college benefactors: Charles I (by Anthony van Dyck ) and Charles II (by Sir Peter Lely ). In 1640, Francis Mansell (appointed principal in 1630) began construction of a second quadrangle with buildings along the north and south sides; further work
3248-577: A raft of new coal-mining projects worth about $ 11 billion. The government also had plans to support growth of the renewable energy industry. The Rudd government attempted to increase Australia's international influence. Prime Minister Rudd announced in March 2008 that Australia would seek a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council for 2013–14, which the country had last held in 1985–86. In November 2009,
3451-609: A review of the tax system by the head of the Department of the Treasury , Ken Henry . Among other suggested reforms recommended by the Henry review and adopted by the Rudd government was a Resource Super Profits Tax on the extractive industry . The proposal met resistance from mining industry bodies and mining companies, and the proposal was later heavily modified when Julia Gillard replaced Rudd as prime minister. In December 2007,
3654-469: A second fellowship in chemistry (1924); and modern languages (lectureship 1921, fellowship 1944). The improved teaching led to greater success in university examinations and prizes. In the inter-war years (1918–1939) Jesus was seen by some as a small college and something of a backwater; it attracted relatively few pupils from the public schools traditionally seen as the most prestigious. The college did, however, attract many academically able entrants from
3857-456: A second quadrangle was added between about 1640 and about 1713, and a third quadrangle was built in about 1906. Further accommodation was built on the main site to mark the 400th anniversary of the college, in 1971, and student flats have been constructed at sites in north and east Oxford. A fourth quadrangle was completed in 2021. There are about 475 students at any one time; the Principal of
4060-607: A significant expansion to the Australian Defence Force , intended to maximize the military's capacity to act independently in Australia's region. Other defence policies enacted by the Rudd government include cancelling the contract to purchase 11 Seasprite helicopters in March 2008, and beginning the process of planning the replacement for the Navy's Collins- class submarines . The Rudd government altered
4263-571: A simpler awards system as a safety net, the restoration of unfair dismissal laws for companies with under 100 employees (with a probation period of 12 months for companies with less than 15 employees), and the retention of the Australian Building and Construction Commission until 2010. It retained the illegality of solidarity action , the right of employers to lock workers out, restriction of union right of entry to workplaces, and restrictions on workers' right to strike. Rudd also outlined
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#17327867751934466-490: A site in east Oxford off the Cowley Road known as Bartlemas (for its proximity to St Bartholomew's Chapel ). Football, rugby, netball, field hockey, cricket, and tennis can be played there. Squash courts are at a separate city-centre site on St Cross Road . The college also provides students with membership of the university's gym and swimming pool on Iffley Road . Jesus College Boat Club (commonly abbreviated to JCBC)
4669-529: A system of "temporary protection visas" for unauthorized arrivals, and a policy of turning back boats where possible. The Rudd government dismantled all three components, dubbing them "ineffectual and wasteful". The government adjusted the mandatory detention policies established by the Keating and Howard governments and on 8 February declared an end to the Pacific Solution. The policy had involved
4872-588: A television debate, where he was judged by most media analysts to have performed strongly. On 14 November, Rudd officially launched the Labor Party's election campaign with a policy of fiscal restraint, usually considered the electoral strength of the opposing Liberal Party. Rudd proposed Labor spending measures totalling $ 2.3 billion, contrasting them to $ 9.4 billion Rudd claimed the Liberals had promised, declaring: "Today, I am saying loud and clear that this sort of reckless spending must stop." The election
5075-581: A ten-year jail sentence for paying bribes. The Rudd government's 2009 Defence white paper identified the rise of China as a potential threat to Asia Pacific security, and during the WikiLeaks affair, confidential diplomatic cables were released which purported to show that Rudd had warned the US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton that the Communist Party was "paranoid" about Taiwan and that
5278-467: A total of 58.8 million at the time of the 2001 Census ). In modern times, the Welsh roots of the college come to the fore most prominently on Saint David's Day . The feast is marked by a choral Evensong in the chapel, decorated for the occasion with daffodils . The service, including music, is conducted entirely in Welsh (despite only a small minority of the choir usually being native speakers of
5481-421: Is William Herbert, 18th Earl of Pembroke, 15th Earl of Montgomery . Jesus, Magdalene College, Cambridge and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge are the only three Oxbridge colleges that continue to prescribe by statute visitations held by hereditary peers . The main buildings are located in the centre of Oxford, between Turl Street , Ship Street , Cornmarket Street and Market Street . The main entrance
5684-477: Is Lù Kèwén ( simplified Chinese : 陆克文 ; traditional Chinese : 陸克文 ). Rudd completed his BA in 1978, deferring his honours component for a year during which time he took a study trip to Taiwan. He also volunteered as a research assistant with the Zadok Institute for Christianity and at a St Vincent de Paul drug rehabilitation centre. Rudd's thesis on Chinese democracy activist Wei Jingsheng
5887-471: Is in the centre of the city , on a site between Turl Street , Ship Street , Cornmarket Street and Market Street . The college was founded by Queen Elizabeth I of England on 27 June 1571. A major driving force behind the establishment of the college was Hugh Price (or Ap Rhys), a churchman from Brecon in Wales . The oldest buildings, in the first quadrangle , date from the 16th and early 17th centuries;
6090-426: Is on Turl Street. The buildings are arranged in three quadrangles , the first quadrangle containing the oldest college buildings and the third quadrangle the newest. The foundation charter gave to the college a site between Market Street and Ship Street (which is still occupied by the college) as well as the buildings of a defunct university academic hall on the site, called White Hall. The buildings that now surround
6293-476: Is so closely connected with our country, little thinking ever to find myself a member of it; and I can honestly say that no honour can fall to my lot which I shall prize more highly than this Fellowship which you have conferred upon me. Please accept and express to the Fellows of the college my hearty and sincere thanks. Ever yours sincerely, D. LLOYD GEORGE. The first three Honorary Fellows, all former students of
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6496-465: Is the rowing club for members of the college. The club was formed in 1835, but rowing at the college predates the foundation of the club: a boat from the college was involved in the earliest recorded races between college crews at Oxford in 1815, when it competed against a crew from Brasenose College . These may have been the only two colleges who had boats racing at that time, and the Brasenose boat
6699-480: Is the Meyricke Library; older printed books are housed in the historic Fellows’ Library. The medieval manuscripts should be directed to re held at the Bodleian Libraries, where they are on deposit. The archives hold the administrative documents of the college since its foundation, as well as a large collection of documents, photographs, and printed papers. There is also an extensive Celtic Library. In 2021,
6902-568: The Age newspaper reported that $ 11 million had been spent campaigning for the seat, and had added twenty-seven votes for Australia; the majority of the votes came from small island nations in the south Pacific and six African nations. The Rudd government lobbied for the G20 Forum to replace the G7 as the premier forum for global governance and economic management and secured a seat for Australia at
7105-654: The MV Oceanic Viking was involved in an emergency operation rescuing 78 Sri Lankan asylum seekers in international waters within the Indonesian sea rescue zone. Those rescued were due to be landed in Indonesia, for transfer to an Australia-funded immigration detention centre on the Indonesian island of Bintan. However, the asylum seekers refused to disembark until 18 November, following assurances of fast-tracked processing of their cases for resettlement. In
7308-415: The stolen generations . The apology, for the policies of successive parliaments and governments, passed unanimously as a motion by both houses of parliament. Rudd pledged the government to bridging the gap between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australian health, education and living conditions, and in a way that respects their rights to self-determination. During meetings held in December 2007 and March 2008
7511-566: The 2004 federal election , Rudd was again spoken of as a possible alternative leader, although he disavowed any intention of challenging Latham. When Latham suddenly resigned in January 2005, Rudd was in Indonesia and refused to say whether he would be a candidate for the Labor leadership. After returning from Indonesia, Rudd announced that he would again not contest the leadership, and Beazley
7714-514: The 2007–2008 financial crisis , the Rudd government announced in October 2008 that it would guarantee all bank deposits. The government initially ignored Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) advice to cap the guarantee. With the economy experiencing its biggest slowdown since the early 1990s and facing a recession, the government announced an economic stimulus package worth $ 10.4 billion. A second economic stimulus package worth $ 42 billion
7917-604: The Arab Revolt of 1916–1918 and for his writings including Seven Pillars of Wisdom , studied history at the college. His thesis on Crusader castles (the fieldwork for which marked the beginning of his fascination with the Middle East ) is held in the Fellows' Library. Other former students include Harold Wilson , who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970 and 1974–1976, Kevin Rudd who
8120-690: The Boat Race and the Women's Boat Race . Barney Williams , a Canadian rower who studied at the college, won a silver medal in rowing at the 2004 Summer Olympics , and participated in the Boat Race in 2005 and 2006. Other students who rowed while at the college have achieved success in other fields, including John Sankey , who became Lord Chancellor , Alwyn Williams , who became Bishop of Durham , and Maurice Jones , who became Principal of St David's College, Lampeter . Another college rower, James Page ,
8323-726: The Channel Islands in an attempt by him to "reclaim the Channel Islands from the extreme Calvinism which characterised them." The first such Fellow was Daniel Brevint . The Governing Body has the ability to elect "distinguished persons" to Honorary Fellowships. Under the current statutes of the college, Honorary Fellows cannot vote at meetings of the Governing Body and do not receive financial reward. They can be called upon, however, to help decide whether to dismiss or discipline members of academic staff (including
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8526-712: The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) adopted six targets to improve the wellbeing of Indigenous Australians over the next five to twenty years. As of 2016, there have been eight Closing the Gap Reports presented to Parliament, providing data in areas that previously had none and updates on progress. Since leaving politics, Rudd has established the Australian National Apology Foundation, as foreshadowed in his final speech to Parliament, to continue to promote reconciliation and closing
8729-411: The Cowley Road ) in 1903 for use as a sports ground. Residential accommodation was first built at the sports ground in 1967 (Thelwall House, rebuilt in 1998), with additions between 1988 and 1990 (Hugh Price House and Leoline Jenkins House). A further development, known as Hazel Court (after Alfred Hazel , principal 1925–1944), was built in 2000, bringing the total number of students who can be housed at
8932-682: The G20 Forum was, the press reported that Rudd received a frosty welcome from Bush at the White House dinner that opened G20 summit in Washington in November 2008. Bush's successor, Barack Obama , had a warmer relationship with Rudd, telling the Australian media in April 2010 that Rudd was "smart but humble" and the political leader he was closest to on the world stage. Chris Evans served as Minister for Immigration and Citizenship in
9135-601: The Kyoto Protocol on climate change and delivering the first national apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples for the Stolen Generations . His government responded to the 2007–2008 financial crisis , implementing economic stimulus packages that resulted in Australia becoming one of the only developed countries to avoid the Great Recession . Rudd's government also oversaw the establishment of
9338-659: The Livery Companies of the City of London in 1911. It is now a floating restaurant further down the Thames at Richmond , and for some years was painted in the college scarf of green and white. Education in Wales had been stimulated by the foundation of schools during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI : King Henry VIII Grammar School in Abergavenny 1542 and Christ College, Brecon 1541 were established in
9541-557: The Minister for Defence , Joel Fitzgibbon , ordered the Department of Defence to develop a new white paper to guide Australia's defense policy. While the white paper was originally due to be completed in December 2008, it was delayed until 2009 due to the volume of work required. The white paper, entitled Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030 , was released on 2 May 2009 and outlines
9744-824: The National Broadband Network (NBN), the launch of the Digital Education Revolution and Building the Education Revolution programs, dismantling WorkChoices , and withdrew Australian troops from the Iraq War . By 2010, Rudd's leadership had faltered due to a loss of support among the Labor caucus and failure to pass key legislation like the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme . He resigned as prime minister in June 2010 after his deputy Julia Gillard challenged him in
9947-777: The Office of National Assessments Liaison Officer at the Australian High Commission in London commencing in 1989 but declined. In 1988, he was appointed Chief of Staff to the Opposition Leader in Queensland, Wayne Goss . He remained in that role when Goss was elected Premier in 1989, a position he held until 1992 when Goss appointed him Director-General of the Office of Cabinet. In this position, Rudd
10150-520: The Rudd government included the signing of the Kyoto Protocol , a Parliamentary Apology to the Stolen Generations and the 2020 Summit in April 2008. Other achievements of the Rudd government included keeping Australia out of recession during the 2007–2008 financial crisis , commencing the rollout of the National Broadband Network , the introduction of nationwide early childhood education,
10353-478: The University of Wales College of Medicine . There is one Welsh Supernumerary Fellow at a time, holding the position for not longer than three years. The first of these was John Viriamu Jones in 1897. The college formerly had a category of missionary Fellows, known as Leoline Fellows after their founder, Leoline Jenkins (a former principal). In his will in 1685, he stated that "It is but too obvious that
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#173278677519310556-508: The exhibitions were still restricted to students from Wales. The numbers of students at the college still fell, despite prizes being awarded for success in university examinations. Daniel Harper , principal from 1877 to 1895, noted the continuing academic decline. Speaking in 1879, he noted that fewer students from the college were reaching high standards in examinations, and that more Welsh students were choosing to study at other Oxford colleges in preference to Jesus. A further Royal Commission
10759-716: The grammar schools (particularly those in northern England and Scotland). Among these grammar-school boys was Harold Wilson , who would later become Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . During the Second World War, many of the fellows served in the armed forces or carried out war work in Oxford. The college remained full of students, though, as it provided lodgings for students from other colleges whose buildings had been requisitioned, and also housed officers on military courses. The college had its own science laboratories from 1907 to 1947, which were overseen (for all but
10962-819: The member of parliament (MP) for the Queensland division of Griffith from 1998 to 2013. Since 2023, Rudd has been the 23rd ambassador of Australia to the United States . Born in Nambour , Queensland , Rudd graduated from the Australian National University with honours in Chinese studies , and is fluent in Mandarin . Before politics, he worked as a diplomat and public servant for the Queensland state government of Wayne Goss . Rudd
11165-449: The "elaborately decorated columns" of the screen (installed in 1634) and the dragons along the frieze, and said that it was one of the earliest examples in Oxford of panelling using four "L" shapes around a centre. In 1741 and 1742, the oak-beamed roof was covered with plaster to make rooms in the roof space. Pevsner described the 1741 cartouche on the north wall, which contains the college crest, as "large [and] rich". The hall contains
11368-447: The 1540s, and Friars School, Bangor dates from 1557. However, despite the numbers of Welsh students coming to Oxford University as a result, there was no special provision for Welshmen before 1571. Despite the links with Wales that Hugh Price and many of the founding Fellows had, neither the 1571 charter nor any of the later charters limited entry to the college to Welshmen. Nevertheless, the college students were predominantly Welsh from
11571-402: The 19th century. Between 1571 and 1915, only one Principal ( Francis Howell , 1657–1660) was not from Wales or of Welsh descent. Jesus still has a particular association with Wales and is often referred to as "the Welsh college". The college is home to the university's Professor of Celtic , and a specialist Celtic library in addition to the college's normal library. Meyrick scholarships, from
11774-439: The Australian Parliament, Rudd described this assurance as "non-extraordinary". Opposition frontbencher Tony Abbott said that Rudd was inept and hypocritical in his handling of the issue during the affair. According to Geoff Kitney, a Fairfax journalist who has covered immigration since the 1980s, his explanation of the terms of the agreement left the impression that, at the very least, he knew it would be difficult to show that
11977-424: The Australian force in Afghanistan was expanded, with Rudd announcing in April 2009 an increase from 1,100 to 1,550 personnel. Fitzgibbon became the first Rudd government minister to resign, on 4 June 2009. He quit after admitting that meetings concerning business opportunities held between defence officials and his brother, the head of nib Health Funds , had breached the Ministerial Code of Conduct. John Faulkner
12180-518: The College Librarian was Owen McKnight. Medieval and early modern manuscripts owned at Jesus College date back to the 11th century and since 1886 have been deposited at the Bodleian Libraries . Some of the most important Welsh language manuscripts are at Jesus College, including the Red Book of Hergest (1285–1320). Modern manuscripts include T.E. Lawrence ’s undergraduate thesis (MS. 181). In common with many Oxford colleges, Jesus provides sporting facilities for students, including playing fields at
12383-427: The Governing Body can create. The college statutes provide for various categories of Fellows. Professorial Fellows are those Professors and Readers of the university who are allocated to the college by the university. One of these professorships is the Jesus Professor of Celtic , which is the only chair in Celtic Studies at an English university. Celtic scholars such as Sir John Rhys and Ellis Evans have held
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#173278677519312586-600: The Labor Party soon overtook the Howard government in both party and leadership polling. Rudd maintained a high media profile with major announcements on an "education revolution", federalism, climate change, a National Broadband Network , and the domestic car industry. In March 2007 the government raised questions over a series of meetings Rudd had had with former West Australian Labor Premier Brian Burke during 2005, alleging that Rudd had been attempting to use Burke's influence to become Labor leader (after losing office, Burke had spent time in prison before returning to politics as
12789-406: The Labor candidate for the seat of Griffith at the 1996 federal election . Despite being endorsed by the retiring Labor MP, Ben Humphreys , Rudd was considerably hampered by Labor's unpopularity in Queensland, as well as a redistribution that almost halved Labor's majority. Rudd was defeated by Liberal Graeme McDougall on the eighth count as Labor won only two seats in Queensland. Rudd stood in
12992-424: The Liberal government. These changes are yet to pass the Senate. In opposition, Rudd had called climate change "the greatest moral, economic and social challenge of our time" and called for a cut to greenhouse gas emissions by 60% before 2050. In October 2007, John Howard, Prime Minister at the time, said that Labor's policy on climate change negotiations had no significant differences to the Liberals' policy. At
13195-486: The National Poet of Wales Gwyn Thomas , and television weather presenters Kirsty McCabe and Siân Lloyd . Nigel Hitchin , the Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford since 1997, studied at the college, as did Edward Hinds (a physicist who won the Rumford Medal in 2008), Chris Rapley (director of the Science Museum ), and the zoologists Edward Bagnall Poulton and James Brontë Gatenby . There are about 325 undergraduates and 150 postgraduates. About half of
13398-540: The Prime Minister's decision. The government articulated its stance on energy management in October 2009. Writing in The Australian Financial Review , the resources minister, Martin Ferguson , acknowledged that withholding resources such as coal (either black or brown ) is unlikely to do much to assist in reducing emissions or alter demand. The government instead hoped to become a world-leading investor in carbon capture and storage technologies, and expand Australia's natural gas production, while continuing to support
13601-452: The Principal). Three former principals of the college ( John Christie , Sir John Habakkuk and Sir Peter North ) have been elected Honorary Fellows on retirement. Some Honorary Fellows were formerly Fellows of the college, others were Old Members of the college, and some were in both categories. Others had no previous academic connection with the college before their election. Some of these were distinguished Welshmen – for example,
13804-421: The Relocation Scholarship. These scholarships were developed as part of the Rudd government's response to the Bradley Review of Higher Education , and its recommendation to tighten eligibility for Youth Allowance by reforming the 'work test' coupled with a loosening of the parental income test. The government abolished the old scholarship system, which helped about 21,000 students per year, due to concerns that it
14007-508: The Restoration period. These estates allowed the college's sixteen fellowships and scholarships to be filled for the first time – officially, sixteen of each had been supported since 1622, but the college's income was too small to keep all occupied simultaneously. In 1713, the bequest of Welsh clergyman and former student Edmund Meyricke established a number of scholarships for students from north Wales, although these are now available to all Welsh students. The 18th century, in contrast to
14210-544: The Rudd government, which maintained Australia's bipartisan policy in support of the multi-ethnic annual intake of immigrants. Rudd said that he believed in a "Big Australia" and projected a population of 35–36 million by 2050. The Rudd government moved in its early months to dismantle several components of the Howard government 's approach to unauthorized arrival immigration policy – it abandoned offshore processing of asylum seekers and temporary protection visa arrangements. The Coalition said that these practices had halted
14413-399: The US should be prepared to use force against China "...if everything goes wrong". Responding to the New South Wales coroner's late November 2007 finding that the Balibo Five had been deliberately murdered by the Indonesian military in 1975, Rudd commented that "those responsible should be held to account. ... You can't just sweep this to one side". As opposition leader he had argued for
14616-582: The Welsh businessman Sir Alfred Jones was elected in 1902 and the Welsh judge Sir Samuel Evans , President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division of the High Court , was elected in 1918. The Welsh politician David Lloyd George was elected to an Honorary Fellowship in 1910 when he was Chancellor of the Exchequer . He wrote to Sir John Rhys, the Principal at the time, to thank the college for
14819-473: The Welshness of the college is self-perpetuating, as Welsh students will often apply to Jesus because it is seen as the Welsh college. Old members recall the college having a majority of Welsh members until well into the 20th century; today, however, around 15% of undergraduates come from Wales. For comparison, residents of Wales comprise just under 5% of the United Kingdom population (2.9 million out of
15022-522: The Youth Allowance and Austudy system , stating they were unfair to rural and regional students and would leave 26,000 students worse off. The bill would have tightened regulations around the work requirements these students needed to fulfill to be considered independent of their parents. However, the two country independents in the House of Representatives, Tony Windsor and Rob Oakeshott, supported
15225-417: The ability for us to pool our resources in order to see the technological breakthroughs necessary in order for us to solve this problem." The Institute received international support with 15 governments and more than 40 major companies and industry groups signing on as foundation members. The Rudd government committed significant resources to renewable energy. Legislation for an expanded Renewable Energy Target
15428-441: The authority to appoint the new college's principal, fellows and scholars. He financed early building work in the college's front quadrangle , but on his death in 1574 it transpired that the college received only a lump sum of around £600 (approximately £211,000 in present-day terms). Problems with his bequest meant that it was not received in full for about 25 years. As the college had no other donors at this time, "for many years
15631-465: The bequest of Edmund Meyrick in 1713, are awarded for academic merit where the student is a native of Wales (or the child of a native of Wales), able to speak Welsh or was educated for the last three years of secondary school in Wales. The college's undergraduate gossip sheet is entitled The Sheepshagger in allusion to an offensive joke about Welsh people's supposed penchant for sheep . Furthermore,
15834-462: The bottom floor was converted from rooms occupied by students and fellows into a new Junior Common Room (JCR), to replace the common room in the second quadrangle, which was by then too small to cope with the increased numbers of students. In 2019, work began on redevelopment of a commercial property, Northgate House, owned by the college on the corner of Cornmarket and Market Streets, to provide new student accommodation above retail facilities with
16037-457: The cash bonuses in the package to fund investment in the environment and water supply. National accounts released on 4 March 2009 showed that Australia's non-farm sector shrunk for the September and December 2008 quarters. The 2009 Australian federal budget was released on the evening of 12 May 2009. Labor decided not to extend the investment allowance, and it was phased out by the end of
16240-479: The cessation of the detention of children and the provision of legal advice to unauthorized arrivals. In April 2009, following the relaxation of border protection policies, there was an increase in asylum seeker vessels which culminated in a fatal explosion due to sabotage on one of these vessels . In response, the government announced a new strategy of offering financial support to Indonesia to assist in their efforts to reduce people smuggling to Australia. After
16443-410: The changes to rural arrangements. This allowed students from remote areas to access the workforce test with the additional requirement that their parents earned less than $ 150,000. The Student Start-Up Scholarship was cut (by about $ 200) to just above $ 2000 to pay for these changes. However, the impasse meant that, in mid-February, an estimated 150,000 students were waiting for the bill to pass in time for
16646-459: The changes. The Bradley Review had found that the old system had been accessed disproportionally by students from high-income families despite being intended to support those from disadvantaged backgrounds. To win the support of the Greens and Senator Nick Xenophon and to mitigate the opposition of the Liberals and secure passage of the bill, Education Minister Julia Gillard loosened some aspects of
16849-430: The chapel's east window (added in 1636) as an instance of Gothic Revival architecture, rather than Gothic Survival, since a choice was made to use an outdated style – classical architecture had become accepted as "the only style in which it was respectable to build". Jonathan Edwards (principal from 1686 to 1712) is reported to have spent £1,000 (approximately £189,000 in present-day terms) during his lifetime on
17052-484: The college does not award choral scholarships , the chapel choir is well-attended by college members and others. The choir is non-auditioning for college members, and is run by one or more undergraduate organ scholars . Every three years, the college co-organises the Somerville-Jesus Ball on the grounds of Somerville College . The last ball was held in April 2022. The main library at Jesus College
17255-462: The college had buildings but no revenue". The main benefactor, other than the King, was Eubule Thelwall , from Ruthin , North Wales, who became Principal in 1621; he succeeded in securing a new charter and statutes for the college from James I , having spent £5,000 of his own money on the hall and chapel, which earned him the title of its second founder. Thelwall died on 8 October 1630, aged 68 and
17458-405: The college has owned some land since its foundation. In the 18th century, this was home to the college stables. A fire in 1904 led to the demolition of the stables and the gateway to Ship Street. Replacement buildings adjoining Ship Street, effectively creating a third quadrangle for the college, were constructed between 1906 and 1908. It contained the college's science laboratories (now closed) and
17661-441: The college include the historians Sir Goronwy Edwards , Yuval Noah Harari and Niall Ferguson , the philosopher Galen Strawson , and the political philosopher John Gray . Past students and fellows in the sciences include John Houghton (physicist) and Nobel Laureate Peter J. Ratcliffe . Jesus College was founded on 27 June 1571, when Elizabeth I issued a royal charter . It was the first Protestant college to be founded at
17864-649: The college is Sir Nigel Shadbolt . Former students include Harold Wilson (who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ), Kevin Rudd ( Prime Minister of Australia ), Norman Washington Manley ( Prime Minister of Jamaica ), T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), Angus Buchanan (winner of the Victoria Cross ), Viscount Sankey ( Lord Chancellor ), Edwin Yoder ( Pulitzer Prize winning journalist), Roger Parry (media and technology entrepreneur) and over 30 Members of Parliament . Past or present fellows of
18067-488: The college science lecturers and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) led to 17 students joining ICI between the two World Wars, some, such as John Rose , reaching senior levels in the company. The laboratories became unnecessary when the university began to provide centralised facilities for students; they were closed in 1947. The quatercentenary of the college, in 1971, saw the opening of the Old Members' Buildings in
18270-408: The college's academic life. The brochure produced for the opening ceremony noted that the number of science students at the college had increased rapidly in recent years, and that provision of college laboratories would assist the tuition of undergraduates, as well as attracting to Jesus College graduates of the University of Wales who wished to continue their research at Oxford. A link between one of
18473-411: The college's rare texts, including a Greek bible dating from 1545 and signed by Philipp Melanchthon and others, much of the library of the scholar and philosopher Lord Herbert of Cherbury and 17th-century volumes by Robert Boyle and Sir Isaac Newton . The long but narrow third quadrangle adjoins Ship Street, on the north of the site and to the west of the garden of the principal's lodgings, where
18676-456: The college, as have politicians from Australia ( Neal Blewett ), New Zealand ( Harold Rushworth ), Sri Lanka ( Lalith Athulathmudali ) and the United States ( Heather Wilson ). The founders' hopes that their college would produce prominent Welsh clergy were fulfilled in no small measure when a former student, A. G. Edwards , was elected the first Archbishop of Wales when the Church in Wales
18879-683: The college, were elected in October 1877: John Rhys, the first Jesus Professor of Celtic (later an Official Fellow (1881–1895) and Principal (1895–1915)); the historian John Richard Green ; and the poet Lewis Morris . The college noted in 1998 that the number of Honorary Fellows of the college was markedly below the average of other Oxford colleges and it adopted a more methodical approach to increase numbers. Seven Honorary Fellows were elected that year, followed by another five in 1999. The college's Honorary Fellows have included two Old Members who later became Prime Minister of their respective countries: Norman Washington Manley , who studied at Jesus College as
19082-433: The college. Hardy's opinion was that, "if only it had an open timber roof instead of the plain ceiling, it would be one of the most picturesque College Libraries". Another author said (in 1914, after the provision of a library for undergraduates elsewhere in the quadrangle) that it was "one of the most charming of Oxford libraries, and one of the least frequented". It holds 11,000 antiquarian printed books and houses many of
19285-579: The colony in 1804. His mother's grandparents, Owen Cashin and Hannah Maher, who were both born in Ireland, met and married in Brisbane in 1887. Rudd was born in Nambour , Queensland , to Albert ("Bert") and Margaret (née DeVere) Rudd, the youngest son of four children, and grew up on a dairy farm in nearby Eumundi . At an early age (5–7), he contracted rheumatic fever and spent a considerable time at home convalescing. It damaged his heart, in particular
19488-405: The construction of a chapel, hall and library for the college. The library, constructed above an over-weak colonnade , was pulled down under the principalship of Francis Mansell (1630–1649), who also built two staircases of residential accommodation to attract the sons of Welsh gentry families to the college. The English Civil War "all but destroyed the corporate life of the college." Mansell
19691-485: The costs of action" and that "Australia must... seize the opportunity now to become a leader globally". In the 2008 budget, the Rudd government set out its climate agenda which included an emissions trading scheme and a number of renewable energy, energy efficiency and research, development and demonstration (RD&D) programs. Rudd established the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute to accelerate
19894-450: The country without visas. While it remained committed to the policy of mandatory detention as an "essential component of strong border control", the Rudd government announced that detention would be restricted to unlawful non-citizens who posed a threat to the community, those who refuse to comply with visa conditions, or those who need to be detained for the period of conducting health, identity and security checks. The government announced
20097-1049: The deal was not a cave-in. The Sri Lankan Government said that the deal would encourage more people to risk the ocean journey to Australia. A UNHCR representative told The Australian that the deal was bad practice and would encourage similar behaviour. By March 2010, 100 asylum seeker boats had been intercepted within Australian waters under the Rudd government. In April, the Rudd government suspended processing new claims by Sri Lankan and Afghan asylum seekers, who comprised 80 percent of all boat arrivals, for three and six months, respectively. A boatload of refugees arrived daily in May 2010, causing overcrowding on Christmas Island. West Australian Premier Colin Barnett has been told by Evans that up to 90 asylum seekers would move to an unused mining camp near Leonora , more than 800 kilometres (500 mi) north-east of Perth. Government policy towards unauthorised boat arrivals remained controversial for
20300-530: The deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology globally and the sharing of information. The institute was launched in a joint press conference with US President Barack Obama and Rudd at the Major Economies Forum in Italy in 2009. Obama said the partnership aimed to double the amount of investment in research and development needed to make alternative technologies viable and "points to
20503-573: The detention centre there was becoming crowded. In 2010, as the Christmas Island facility reached its official capacity, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) noted in its annual report that despite global refugee numbers remaining steady, there was a 29% increase in asylum claims for 2009. This supported claims that the government's policy changes had led to the increase. In October 2009,
20706-561: The development of a national Australian Curriculum for schools, the construction of 20 cancer clinics around regional Australia, and paid parental leave . Rudd was named as one of the most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2008. During his first two years in office, Rudd set records for popularity in Newspoll opinion polling, maintaining very high approval ratings. By 2010, however, Rudd's approval ratings had begun to drop significantly, with controversies arising over
20909-421: The disruption of the 17th century, was a comparatively quiet time for the college. A historian of the college, J. N. L. Baker , wrote that the college records for this time "tell of little but routine entries and departures of fellows and scholars". The Napoleonic Wars saw a reduction in the numbers of students and entries in the records for the purchase of muskets and other items for college members serving in
21112-443: The doorway (which Pevsner called "beautiful") was added at some point between 1670 and 1740; Pevsner dates it to about 1700. The hall has been said to be "among the most impressive of all the Oxford college halls", with its "fine panelling, austere ceiling, and its notable paintings". Like the chapel, it was largely built by Griffith Powell between 1613 and 1620, and was finally completed soon after his death in 1620. Pevsner noted
21315-407: The election campaign, on 29 November Rudd announced the members of his Government (see First Rudd Ministry ), breaking with more than a century of Labor tradition whereby the frontbench was elected by the Labor caucus, with the leader then given the right to allocate portfolios. On 3 December 2007, Rudd was sworn in as the 26th prime minister of Australia by governor-general Michael Jeffery . Rudd
21518-474: The eradication of errors and heresies, for the increase and perpetuation of true loyalty, for the extension of good literature of every sort, for the knowledge of languages, for the education of youth in loyalty, morality, and methodical learning, for the relief of poverty and distress, and lastly for the benefit and well-being of the Church of Christ in our realms, [...] we have decreed that a College of learning in
21721-515: The establishment of a single industrial-relations bureaucracy called Fair Work Australia, which played a more interventionist role than the Howard government's Fair Pay Commission. Jesus College, Oxford Jesus College (in full: Jesus College in the University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth's Foundation ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It
21924-633: The establishment of offshore processing centres on Manus Island in Papua New Guinea (closed 2004) and at Nauru . In announcing the demise of the policy, Evans described it as "a cynical, costly and ultimately unsuccessful exercise", and the 21 people housed at the Nauru detention center were transferred to Brisbane. In May 2008, the Asylum Seeker Resource Centre said that the Department of Immigration and Citizenship
22127-416: The expensive election promises for " working families ". The projected surplus of 1.8% of GDP, or $ 21.7 billion, exceeded the 1.5% target set by the government in January. Labor supported improving the federal–state funding process through a reform of the Council of Australian Governments . Three nation-building investment funds were established – the infrastructure fund, "Building Australia",
22330-636: The explosion, Rudd said: "People smugglers are the vilest form of human life." Unauthorised boat arrivals in Australia increased from 161 people in 2008 to nearly 3,000 people in 2009. The opposition said that this was due to the government's policy adjustments, while the government said that it was due to "push factors". Rudd had a conversation with Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono , the President of Indonesia , on 20 October to intercept vessels bound for Australia. The government had made provisions to house refugees in spare demountable housing on Christmas Island , as
22533-657: The fall of Saddam Hussein he would criticise the Howard government over its support for the United States, while maintaining Labor's position of support for the Australian-American alliance. Well, what Secretary Powell and the US seems to have said is that he now has grave doubts about the accuracy of the case he put to the United Nations about the claim that Iraq possessed biological weapons laboratories –
22736-720: The family was required to leave the farm amidst financial difficulty between two and three weeks after the death, though the family of the landowner states that the Rudds didn't have to leave for almost six months. Following this traumatic childhood and despite familial connections with the Country Party, Rudd joined the Australian Labor Party in 1972 at the age of 15. Rudd boarded at Marist College Ashgrove in Brisbane , although these years were not happy due to
22939-415: The federal government's climate change advisor, Professor Ross Garnaut . Garnaut said that the government's conditional 2020 emission targets were too low, and that the planned assistance measures for emissions-intensive industries pose "profound" financial risk for the government. In May 2009, Rudd announced an increase of the scheme target to a 25% reduction from levels of 2000, but that the introduction of
23142-562: The first printed history of Wales in 1584, the Victorian historian J. R. Green , and the historian Richard J. Evans . Angus Buchanan won the Victoria Cross during the First World War. Record-breaking quadriplegic solo sailor Hilary Lister was also a student here, whilst from the field of arts and entertainment there are names such as Elwyn Brook-Jones , actor, (1911–1962), Magnus Magnusson , presenter of Mastermind ,
23345-447: The first quadrangle were erected in stages between 1571 and the 1620s; the principal's lodgings were the last to be built. Progress was slow because the new college lacked the "generous endowments" that earlier colleges enjoyed. Before new buildings were completed, the students lived in the old buildings of White Hall. The chapel was dedicated on 28 May 1621, and extended in 1636. The architectural historian Giles Worsley has described
23548-411: The first six months of 2009. They were quietly resettled in northern Brisbane , in spite of a nationalist backlash against refugees that was developing in Queensland. WorkChoices , the industrial relations regime introduced by the Howard government, was overhauled. Rudd's 2007 policy included the phasing out of Australian Workplace Agreements over a period of up to five years, the establishment of
23751-463: The following day. In opposition, Rudd made combatting climate change a key priority for the Labor Party, proposing an emissions trading scheme and setting an ambitious long term target of a cut to greenhouse gas emissions by 60% before 2050. He also released a plan before the election to require 20% of Australia's electricity to be generated from renewable power sources. Prior to the election, Paul Kelly wrote that Rudd had "enshrined climate change as
23954-466: The former Labor Prime Minister for implementing educational reforms, saying he was: ... a kid who lived Gough Whitlam's dream that every child should have a desk with a lamp on it where he or she could study. A kid whose mum told him after the 1972 election that it might just now be possible for the likes of him to go to university. A kid from the country of no particular means and of no political pedigree who could therefore dream that one day he could make
24157-624: The forum. The Rudd government sought to improve relations with China. Trade developments including the Gorgon gas project saw major deals between Australia and China. In an April 2008 visit to China, Rudd addressed an audience in Mandarin at Beijing University , in which he told students that Australia had concerns over human rights issues in Tibet and later repeated the comments to Premier Wen Jiabao . The Chinese Communist Party reacted angrily to
24360-542: The foundation of the strategy in its report, which is frequently cited as "the Rudd Report". The Goss Government saw its majority slashed in 1995 , before losing it altogether after a by-election one year later. After Goss' resignation, Rudd left the Queensland Government and was hired as a Senior China Consultant by the accounting firm KPMG Australia. While in that position, he won selection to be
24563-586: The gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. He has contributed $ 100,000 to the Foundation and to kickstart fundraising for a National Apology Chair at the Australian National University. Rudd government (2007%E2%80%932010) Prime Minister of Australia First term of government (2007–2010) Second term of government (2013) Ministries Elections [REDACTED] The first Rudd government
24766-555: The historians Sir Goronwy Edwards and Niall Ferguson , the philosopher Galen Strawson and the political philosopher John Gray . There are also Senior and Junior Research Fellows. Principals and Fellows who retire can be elected as Emeritus Fellows. A further category is that of Welsh Supernumerary Fellows, who are, in rotation, the Vice-Chancellors of Cardiff University , Swansea University , Lampeter University , Aberystwyth University , Bangor University and
24969-410: The honour, saying: I wish to express to you and to the Fellows of Jesus College my deep sense of the great honour which you have done me in electing me to be one of your body. It is a very special gratification to me to be associated in this intimate way with Jesus College. As a Welshman, I have watched with pleasure and pride the prosperity, especially since you have been Principal, of the college which
25172-434: The increasing political pressures of an election year. On 19 August 2007, it was revealed that Rudd, while on a visit to New York City as Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs, had visited a strip club in September 2003, with New York Post editor Col Allan and Labor MP Warren Snowdon . By way of explanation, Rudd said: "I had had too much to drink, I have no recollection, and nor does Mr Snowdon, of any incident occurring at
25375-464: The indignity of poverty and reliance on charity; he was known to be a "charity case" due to his father's sudden death. He has since described the school as "tough, harsh, unforgiving, institutional Catholicism of the old school". Two years later, after she retrained as a nurse, Rudd's mother moved the family to Nambour, and Rudd rebuilt his standing through study and scholastic application and was dux of Nambour State High School in 1974. In that year, he
25578-406: The interior of the chapel, including the addition of a screen separating the main part of the chapel from the ante-chapel (at the west end) in 1693. In 1853, stained glass by George Hedgeland was added to the east window. In 1863, the architect George Edmund Street was appointed to renovate the chapel. The arch of the chancel was widened, the original Jacobean woodwork was removed (save for
25781-452: The international community". After a year of accounting of " emissions " and " sinks ", the government published its climate change policies in a white paper released on 15 December 2008. This defined a plan to introduce an emissions trading scheme in 2010 and recommended a target range for Australia's greenhouse gas emissions in 2020, which would be a 5% to 15% reduction from levels in 2000. It drew criticism from environmental groups and
25984-492: The last three years) by the physical chemist David Chapman , a fellow of the college from 1907 to 1944. At the time of their closure, they were the last college-based science laboratories at the university. They were named the Sir Leoline Jenkins laboratories, after a former principal of the college. The laboratories led to scientific research and tuition (particularly in chemistry) becoming an important part of
26187-712: The lead-up to the Copenhagen Summit in December 2009. Ahead of the summit, he convened a meeting of leaders at the 2009 APEC conference in Singapore which brought together the leaders of China, the United States, Japan and Denmark for the first time to discuss their respective positions. Rudd announced financial help for small island states affected by climate change at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Trinidad and Tobago in 2009 and used
26390-471: The leadership of the ALP and was succeeded by his deputy, Julia Gillard . Rudd was re-elected leader of the Labor Party in 2013 and served a second term as prime minister . The Rudd government issued its first budget in May 2008, which was initiated to fight inflation . The total expenditure, as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) , was lower than any of the previous governments, despite including many of
26593-664: The life of the Rudd government. During the 2010 Labor leadership spill that resulted in Gillard replacing Rudd as prime minister, Rudd told media on 23 June: "This party and government will not be lurching to the right on the question of asylum seekers, as some have counseled us to do." The Gillard government made a further series of adjustments to Labor policy and moved to restore offshore processing of asylum seekers in 2011. Despite an election promise to process 90 percent of claims for protection visas within 90 days, Immigration Department figures in October 2009 showed no improvement in
26796-462: The management of the 2007–2008 financial crisis , the Senate refusal to pass the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme , policies on asylum seekers and a debate over a proposed "super profits" tax on the mining industry. On 23 June 2010, following lengthy media speculation, Deputy Prime Minister Julia Gillard publicly asked that a leadership election be held. Rudd announced a leadership election for
26999-462: The manufacturing sector, the Australian economy avoided a technical recession. RBA economists endorsed the first two phases of stimulus a year later, saying that it was "undeniable" that government spending had supported the economy. RBA governor Glenn Stevens remained cautious of American-style fiscal policy, casting doubt on the idea that Australia should have a higher inflation target to repair its public accounts. The Rudd government established
27202-474: The meeting to rally support for the Copenhagen summit. Rudd played a key role in Copenhagen in delivering an accord despite the wide divergence of views among advanced and emerging economies. Gordon Brown , the then-prime minister of the United Kingdom, said of Rudd at Copenhagen: "Kevin stood up to those who wanted to say 'no' on climate change ... The fact we got a Copenhagen declaration which has now led to
27405-767: The new moral passion for the Labor Party in a way that recalled Ben Chifley's invocation of the Light on the Hill". The first official act of the Rudd government, on 3 December 2007, was to ratify the Kyoto Protocol . Rudd attended the UN Climate Change Conference in Bali , Indonesia , in December 2007 just ten days after being sworn in. In February 2008, the Prime Minister told Parliament that "the costs of inaction on climate change are much greater than
27608-431: The next stage ... is in no small measure due to him." However, the perceived weakness of the Copenhagen accord in setting binding targets impacted upon the momentum towards an emissions trading scheme at home. Rudd reflected later that "we all failed... though not for want of effort from many of us." As the parliament's first order of business, on 13 February 2008, Rudd gave a national apology to Indigenous Australians for
27811-460: The nightclub – or of being asked to leave...it is our recollection that we left within about an hour". The incident generated a lot of media coverage, but made no impact on Rudd's popularity in the polls. Some believe the incident may have enabled Rudd to appear "more human" and lifted his popularity. Electoral writs were issued for the 2007 federal election on 17 October 2007. On 21 October, Rudd faced incumbent Prime Minister John Howard in
28014-401: The north side of the first quadrangle between the chapel (to the east) and the hall (to the west). They were the last part of the first quadrangle to be built. Sir Eubule Thelwall, principal from 1621 to 1630, built the lodgings at his own expense, to include (in the words of the antiquarian Anthony Wood ) "a very fair dining-room adorned with wainscot curiously engraven". The shell-hood over
28217-537: The number of Australian troops deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq. The 550 combat troops deployed on an overwatch mission in central-southern Iraq were withdrawn in mid-June 2008, fulfilling an election promise. This reduced the Australian Defence Force presence in the region to 800–900 support personnel, including 440 either on the ground in Iraq or patrolling the coastline. As of early 2009, around 150 support personnel remained in Iraq. In contrast,
28420-509: The ordinary sense almost ceased to exist". From 129 students in the summer of 1914, numbers dropped to 36 in the spring of 1916. Some refugee students from Belgium and Serbia lodged in empty rooms in the college during 1916, and officers of the Royal Flying Corps resided from August 1916 to December 1918. After the war, numbers rose and fellowships were added in new subjects: history (1919 and 1933); theology (1927); physics (1934);
28623-450: The outset, and the college became "the pinnacle of the academic ambition of the young men of Wales". Many of the fellows in the past were Welsh, since when new fellowships were created by benefactions (often by people of Welsh descent) there was frequently a stipulation that the recipients would be related to the donor or come from a specified part of Wales. These specific limitations were removed as part of reforms of Oxford University during
28826-580: The persons in Holy Orders employed in his Majesty's fleet at sea and foreign plantations are too few." To address this, he established two Fellowships at Jesus College, whose holders should serve as clergy "in any of his Majesty's fleets or in his Majesty's plantations" under the direction of the Lord High Admiral and the Bishop of London respectively. The last of these, Frederick de Winton ,
29029-445: The position since its creation in 1877. The chair is currently held by David Willis , who took up the position in 2020 after the previous holder Thomas Charles-Edwards retired in 2011. The zoologists Charles Godfray and Paul Harvey are both Professorial Fellows. Official Fellows are those who hold tutorial or administrative appointments in the college. Past Official Fellows include the composer and musicologist John Caldwell ,
29232-523: The queen to found a college at Oxford "that he might bestow his estate of the maintenance of certain scholars of Wales to be trained up in good letters." The college was originally intended primarily for the education of clergy. The particular intention was to satisfy a need for dedicated, learned clergy to promote the Elizabethan Religious Settlement in the parishes of England, Ireland and Wales. The college has since broadened
29435-552: The range of subjects offered, beginning with the inclusion of medicine and law, and now offers almost the full range of subjects taught at the university. The letters patent issued by Elizabeth I made it clear that the education of a priest in the 16th century included more than just theology, however: ...to the Glory of God Almighty and Omnipotent, and for the spread and maintenance of the Christian religion in its sincere form, for
29638-500: The remarks, describing Tibet as "purely an internal affair". The Rudd government's relations with the Communist Party were further strained by the Stern Hu Affair , in which, following a failure by China to secure the purchase of Australian mining assets, Australian businessman Stern Hu was accused of "stealing state secrets" during trade negotiations on behalf of Australian mining company Rio Tinto , and subsequently received
29841-470: The repatriation of their remains. However, no meaningful action was taken when Rudd became PM, and he refused the requests of relatives of the slain journalists to visit their graves while in Indonesia. Rudd's term in office coincided with the final months of the Bush administration in the United States. After reports in domestic media that Rudd had joked with journalists that George W. Bush did not know what
30044-536: The same seat against McDougall in the 1998 election , this time winning on the fifth count. Rudd made his maiden speech to the House of Representatives as the new Member for the Division of Griffith on 11 November 1998. It drew heavily his personal experience of poverty to argue for the need for strong social security, public hospitals, and public housing. Following Labor's defeat in the 2001 federal election , Rudd
30247-399: The scheme would be delayed until July 2011. In June 2010, the environment minister, Peter Garrett , revealed in an interview with Sky News that he first learned of the change in policy when he read it in a newspaper after being leaked by a government source. This followed damaging comments by Professor Tim Flannery , a strong supporter of Labor's scheme, that he felt "betrayed" by
30450-492: The sciences, philosophy, humane pursuits, knowledge of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin languages, to the ultimate profession of Sacred Theology, to last for all time to come, be created, founded, built, and established.... Price continued to be closely involved with the college after its foundation. On the strength of a promised legacy, worth £60 a year on his death (approximately £21,100 in present-day terms), he requested and received
30653-460: The screen donated by Edwards and the pulpit), new seats were installed, new paving was placed in the main part of the chapel and a stone reredos was added behind the altar. Views of the changes have differed. On 21 October 1864, Building News reported that the restoration was nearing completion and was of "a very spirited character". It said that the new "handsome" arch showed the east window "to great advantage", with "other improvements" including
30856-447: The second time. However, Labor were defeated in the 2013 election , ending his second term after only two months. Rudd retired from parliament following the election, but has stayed active in political discourse and academia, completing a DPhil at Jesus College, Oxford , in 2022. He has been involved in a number of international organizations, advocating for issues such as China-United States relations and Australian media diversity. He
31059-583: The so-called mobile trailers. And here in Australia, that formed also part of the government's argument on the war. I think what it does is it adds to the fabric of how the Australian people were misled about the reasons for going to war. Rudd's policy experience and parliamentary performances during the Iraq War made him one of the best-known Labor members. When Labor Leader Simon Crean was challenged by his predecessor Kim Beazley , Rudd did not publicly commit himself to either candidate. When Crean resigned, Rudd
31262-628: The speed of processing claims since the change of government. As a proportion of the immigration intake, Australia accepted fewer refugees in 2009 than it did at any time under the Howard government. The government had accepted more refugees from regional conflicts as the number of Africans fleeing to Australia declined. There had been a notable spike in Chin Burmese and Rohingya Burmese refugees being accepted from camps in Thailand and Bangladesh . Almost 1,400 Burmese refugees were accepted in
31465-579: The sports ground to 135. Donations from Edwin Stevens , an Old Member of the college, enabled the construction in 1974 of student flats at a site in north Oxford on the Woodstock Road , named "Stevens Close" in his honour. The college also owns a number of houses on Ship Street, which are used for student accommodation. It purchased a further site in Ship Street at a cost of £1.8M, which
31668-627: The start of the Australian academic year. Ultimately, the government secured passage as a result of the changes and the new scholarship was provided in the first semester of this year. In 2013, the Labor government proposed a cut to the value of the Student Start-Up Scholarship, to turn it into a loan which would fund the Gonski Reforms. However, after losing the election and forming the opposition, Labor changed its position and opposed these cuts which became supported by
31871-413: The third quadrangle. Further student accommodation has been built at the sports ground and at a site in north Oxford. In 1974, Jesus was among the first group of five men's colleges to admit women as members, the others being Brasenose , Wadham , Hertford and St Catherine's ; between one-third and one-half of the undergraduates are women. A long-standing rivalry with nearby Exeter College reached
32074-458: The time, econometric research suggested that providers of carbon credits under the voluntary Australian Greenhouse Office trading scheme were capable of stabilising emissions, due to the demand from households for carbon-neutral products. On 3 December 2007, hours after being sworn in, Rudd signed the Kyoto Protocol . Rudd described this action as a "significant step forward in our country's efforts to fight climate change domestically – and with
32277-402: The trade in people smuggling from Indonesia to Australia, but the Labor Party said these were ineffective and inhumane. The issue of asylum seeker policy remained controversial through the term of the Rudd government. The number of asylum seeker boat arrivals increased throughout the period and the handling of the issue was identified by supporters of Julia Gillard's challenge to Kevin Rudd as
32480-564: The ultimate legislation was frustrated in the Australian Senate — with the Liberal Party , Nationals and Australian Greens voting against it, the Senate rejected it on 13 August 2009. Rudd and key Labor ministers worked with the Liberals under opposition leader Malcolm Turnbull , who personally supported action on emissions, to achieve compromise on details of the scheme and gain their support. On 1 December 2009, Turnbull
32683-619: The undergraduates studied at state schools before coming to Oxford, and about 10% are from overseas. Students from the college participate in a variety of extracurricular activities. Some contribute to student journalism for Cherwell or The Oxford Student . The Turl Street Arts Festival (a week-long student-organised event) is held annually in conjunction with the two other colleges on Turl Street, Exeter and Lincoln colleges. The festival, which takes place in Fifth Week of Hilary term , includes exhibitions, plays and concerts. Although
32886-457: The university corps. After the war, numbers rose, to an average of twenty new students per year between 1821 and 1830. However, debts owed to the college had increased, perhaps due to the economic effects of the war – by 1832, the college was owed £986 10s 5d (approximately £115800 in present-day terms). During the first half of the 19th century, the academic strength of the college diminished: scholarships were sometimes not awarded because of
33089-471: The university, and it is the only Oxford college to date from Elizabeth's reign. It was the first new Oxford college since 1555, in the reign of Queen Mary , when Trinity College and St John's College were founded as Roman Catholic colleges. The foundation charter named a principal ( David Lewis ), eight fellows , eight scholars , and eight commissioners to draw up the statutes for the college. The commissioners included Hugh Price , who had petitioned
33292-402: The valves, for which he has thus far had two aortic valve replacement surgeries, but this was discovered only some 12 years later. Farm life, which required the use of horses and guns, is where he developed his lifelong love of horse riding and shooting clay targets. He attended Eumundi State School. When Rudd was 11, his father, a share farmer and Country Party member, died. Rudd states that
33495-635: The vessels approach Australian waters on the high seas. Chris Evans was appointed Minister for Immigration and Citizenship in the First Rudd ministry and retained this portfolio in the First Gillard Ministry . The newly elected Rudd government announced a series of measures aimed at achieving what it described as a more "compassionate policy". Howard's policy, called the Pacific Solution , had involved offshore processing,
33698-482: The wishes of the commissioners: those scholarships that were limited to particular parts of Wales were opened to the whole of Wales, and half of the fellowships awarded were to remain open only to Welshmen " 'if and so long as the Principal and Fellows shall deem it expedient for the interests of education in connection with the Principality of Wales ' ". All the scholarships at the college, except for two, and all
33901-530: The women's 1st VIII of 1993 won their "blades" in the first divisions of both Torpids and Eights Week, an achievement that led to the crew being described in the Jesus College Record as vying "not just for the College team of the decade, but perhaps for the team of the last three decades", in any sport. A number of college members have rowed for the university against Cambridge University in
34104-433: The work of education in the University or elsewhere". The Principal has "pre-eminence and authority over all members of the College and all persons connected therewith" and exercises "a general superintendence in all matters relating to education and discipline". The current Principal, Sir Nigel Shadbolt , was appointed in 2015. Fourteen Principals have been former students of the college: Griffith Powell (elected in 1613)
34307-434: The year. Other measures to support employment – augmenting a first-home buyer's scheme – were initiated. During the March quarter, the Australian economy grew by 0.4%, a number not foreseen by many until the positive balance of trade statistics released the day before. The main contributors to this result were the large fall in the current account deficit and increasing household consumption. Apart from
34510-481: Was Prime Minister of Australia , Norman Washington Manley who was Prime Minister of Jamaica , Pixley ka Isaka Seme (a founder and president of the African National Congress ), Sir William Williams ( Speaker of the House of Commons 1680–1685), and Lord Sankey ( Lord Chancellor 1929–1935). Members of Parliament from the three main political parties in the United Kingdom have attended
34713-496: Was a massive extension of the system of support, provided as an entitlement, based on parental income and administered by Centrelink . Criticism of the new system centred on claims that it would disadvantage regional students. One university in Queensland topped up its food bank, anticipating that the number of students regularly going without food would increase. In 2009, the Coalition and Senator Fielding had blocked changes to
34916-725: Was also the state winner of the "Youth Speaks for Australia" public speaking competition sponsored by the Jaycees . His future Treasurer Wayne Swan attended the same school at the same time, although they did not know each other as Swan was three years ahead. Rudd studied at the Australian National University in Canberra , where he resided at Burgmann College and graduated with Bachelor of Arts (Asian Studies) with First-Class Honours . He majored in Chinese language and Chinese history , and became proficient in Mandarin . His Chinese name
35119-496: Was announced in February 2009, consisting of an infrastructure program worth $ 26 billion, $ 2.7 billion in small-business tax breaks, and $ 12.7 billion for cash bonuses, including $ 950 for every Australian taxpayer who earned less than $ 80,000 during the 2007–08 financial year. At the same time, the RBA cut official interest rates by a percentage point, lowering them to 3.25%, the lowest since 1964 (a 43-year low). The package
35322-415: Was appointed Second Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Beijing, and promoted to First Secretary in 1985, where he was responsible for analysing Politburo politics, economic reform, arms control and human rights under Ross Garnaut , David Irvine and Geoff Raby . He returned to Canberra in 1987 and was assigned to the Policy Planning Branch, then the Staffing Policy Section, and was selected to serve as
35525-440: Was appointed Secretary of the Amateur Rowing Association and coached both the Oxford and Cambridge University boat clubs. The college boathouse , which is shared with the boat club of Keble College , is in Christ Church Meadow , on the Isis (as the River Thames is called in Oxford). It dates from 1964 and replaced a moored barge used by spectators and crew-members. The last college barge had been purchased from one of
35728-406: Was appointed as Australia's Ambassador to the U.S. by the Albanese government in March 2023. Rudd is of English and Irish descent. His father's great-grandparents were English: Thomas Rudd and Mary Cable. Thomas had been convicted of stealing a bag of sugar, arrived in NSW on board the Earl Cornwallis in 1801. Mary had been sentenced to transportation for stealing a bolt of cloth , arriving in
35931-401: Was appointed in 1876 and held his Fellowship until his death in 1932. This category was abolished in 1877 by the Oxford and Cambridge Universities Commission, without prejudice to the rights of existing holders such as de Winton. Another category of Fellowship that was abolished in the 19th century was that of the King Charles I Fellows, founded by King Charles in 1636 and tenable by natives of
36134-406: Was appointed to succeed in the Defence portfolio. One of the Rudd government's key proposals in the 2007 election campaign was the implementation of an "education revolution". This was to include the provision of computers for every school student in years 9–12 and the implementation of a national curriculum. In 2010, a new suite of scholarships was developed; the Student Start-Up Scholarship and
36337-421: Was appointed. This led to further changes at the college: in 1882, the fellowships reserved to Welshmen were made open to all, and only half (instead of all) of the 24 scholarships were to be reserved for Welsh candidates. Thereafter, numbers gradually rose and the non-Welsh element at the college increased, so that by 1914 only about half of the students were Welsh. During the First World War , "the college in
36540-427: Was arguably Queensland's most powerful bureaucrat. He presided over a number of reforms, including development of a national program for teaching foreign languages in schools. Rudd was influential in both promoting a policy of developing an Asian languages and cultures program which was unanimously accepted by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) in 1992 and later chaired a high-level working group which provided
36743-401: Was built after a fundraising appeal to Old Members to mark the college's quatercentenary, and was opened by the Prince of Wales in 1971. The Fellows' Garden is between the Old Members' Building and the rear of the rooms on the west side of the second quadrangle. In 2002, a two-year project to rebuild the property above the college-owned shops on Ship Street was completed. As part of the work,
36946-516: Was buried in Jesus College Chapel where a monument was erected to his memory by his brother Sir Bevis Thelwall (Page of the King's Bedchamber and Clerk of the Great Wardrobe). Other benefactions in the 17th century include Herbert Westfaling , the Bishop of Hereford , who left enough property to support two fellowships and scholarships (with the significant proviso that "my kindred shallbe always preferred before anie others"). Sir Eubule Thelwall (principal 1621–1630) spent much of his own money on
37149-570: Was considered a possible candidate for the Labor leadership, however he announced that he would not run in the leadership ballot, and would instead vote for Kim Beazley. Rudd was predicted by some commentators to be demoted or moved as a result of his support for Beazley following the election of Mark Latham as Leader, but he retained his portfolio. Relations between Latham and Rudd deteriorated during 2004, especially after Latham made his pledge to withdraw all Australian forces from Iraq by Christmas 2004 without consulting Rudd. After Latham failed to win
37352-456: Was converted at a projected cost of £5.5M to provide 31 student rooms with en-suite facilities, a 100-seat lecture theatre and other teaching rooms. The Ship Street Centre was officially opened by the Chancellor of the University of Oxford , Lord Patten of Barnes , on 25 September 2010. The college is run by the Principal and Fellows . The Principal must be "a person distinguished for literary or scientific attainments, or for services in
37555-425: Was designated $ 20 billion of federal funding. Education received $ 10 billion as part of Rudd's "education revolution", while health also received $ 10 billion. In the 2008–09 budget, the Rudd government cut $ 63.4 million over four years from the CSIRO , forcing the closure of two laboratories and the loss of 100 jobs. It also cut $ 20 million from the Australian Bureau of Statistics . In response to
37758-423: Was disestablished in 1920. Two later Archbishops of Wales, Glyn Simon (Archbishop from 1968 to 1971) and Gwilym Owen Williams (Archbishop 1971–1982) were also educated at the college. Celticists associated with the college include Sir John Rhys , Sir John Morris-Jones , and Sir Thomas (T. H.) Parry-Williams , whilst the list of historians includes the college's first graduate, David Powel , who published
37961-456: Was elected to the Australian House of Representatives at the 1998 federal election , as (MP) for Griffith. Promoted to the shadow cabinet in 2001 as Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs , he assumed leadership of the Labor Party in December 2006 by defeating Kim Beazley in a leadership spill , becoming leader of the opposition . Rudd led Labor to a landslide victory at the 2007 election ; his government 's earliest acts included ratifying
38164-438: Was held on 24 November, and was won overwhelmingly by Labor. The result was dubbed a 'Ruddslide' by the media and was underpinned by the considerable support from Rudd's home state of Queensland, with the state result recording a two-party preferred swing of 7.53%. The overall swing was 5.44% from the Liberals to Labor, the third largest swing at a federal election since two party estimates began in 1949. As foreshadowed during
38367-467: Was interrupted by the English Civil War . Work began again in 1676, and the library (now the Fellows' Library) was completed by 1679. Under Jonathan Edwards (principal from 1688 to 1712), further rooms were built to complete the quadrangle; the project was completed just after his death in 1712. Pevsner described the second quadrangle as "a uniform composition", noting the "regular fenestration by windows with round-arched lights, their hood-moulds forming
38570-434: Was not adequately means tested and that many scholarships were not allocated as a result of being administered by the universities. However, the new system was stalled in the Senate as a result of opposition by the Liberal-National Opposition and Senator Fielding. This left an estimated 150,000 students waiting for the changes to pass parliament two weeks before the start of the academic year in March. The new scholarship system
38773-471: Was passed in August 2009, expanding it from 9,500 GWh by 2010 to 45,000 GWh by 2020 and introducing a 'solar credits' multiplier to provide an additional incentive for the installation of solar photovoltaic systems. The Rudd government sought to introduce an emissions trading scheme to tackle climate change in Australia and embarked on a thorough policy development process involving the Garnaut Review led by its climate change adviser, Ross Garnaut , followed by
38976-432: Was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet and appointed Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs . In 2002, he met with British intelligence and helped define the position that Labor would take in regards to the 2003 invasion of Iraq . There is no debate or dispute as to whether Saddam Hussein possesses weapons of mass destruction. He does. There's no dispute as whether he's in violation of UN Security Council resolutions. He is. After
39179-412: Was rejecting asylum-seeker applications at a higher rate than under the previous government, noting 41 of 42 applications had been rejected. Evans claimed a denial rate of 77 percent, based on his acknowledgment that of a caseload of 730 appeals, he has intervened in 170. In July 2008, the Australian government announced that it was ending its policy of automatic detention for asylum seekers who arrive in
39382-429: Was removed from his position as principal and Michael Roberts was installed. After the Restoration , Mansell was briefly reinstated as principal, before resigning in favour of Leoline Jenkins . It was Jenkins (principal 1661–1673) who secured the long-term viability of the college. On his death, in 1685, he bequeathed a large complex of estates, acquired largely by lawyer friends from the over-mortgaged landowners of
39585-554: Was replaced in a leadership spill called over the issue, by ETS opponent Tony Abbott , and the following day, the Senate voted against the revised package of bills. Rudd criticised the Liberals heavily for their refusal to support the legislation ("What absolute political cowardice, what absolute failure of leadership, what absolute failure of logic ...") but in April 2010 announced that the Government would delay implementing an emissions trading scheme until 2011. Rudd personally committed himself to international action on climate change in
39788-497: Was subsequently elected unopposed. Following this, Rudd was given expanded responsibilities in the Shadow Cabinet, retaining his role as Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs and also becoming the Shadow Minister for Trade. Following opinion polls indicating that voter support for Rudd as Labor Leader was higher than for Beazley, speculation mounted that Rudd would challenge Beazley for the leadership. One particular poll in November 2006 indicated that support for Labor would double if Rudd
39991-460: Was supervised by Pierre Ryckmans , the eminent Belgian -Australian sinologist . During his studies, Rudd did housecleaning for political commentator Laurie Oakes to earn extra money. In 1980 he continued his Chinese studies at the Mandarin Training Center of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei, Taiwan . Delivering the 2008 Gough Whitlam Lecture at the University of Sydney on The Reforming Centre of Australian Politics , Rudd praised
40194-558: Was the executive Government of Australia formed by the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and led by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd . The Rudd government commenced on 3 December 2007, when Rudd was sworn in along with his ministry . This took place just nine days after the defeat of the Howard government , which was a Coalition of members of the Liberal and National parties, at the 2007 federal election . The Rudd government concluded on 24 June 2010 when Rudd, under pressure from an impending leadership caucus ballot , stepped down from
40397-435: Was the first Labor Prime Minister since Paul Keating left office in 1996, and the first to make no mention of the monarch when taking his oath of office. He also became only the second Queenslander to lead his party to a federal election victory (the first being Andrew Fisher in 1910) and was the first prime minister since the Second World War not to have come from either New South Wales or Victoria . Early initiatives of
40600-400: Was the first and Alfred Hazel (elected in 1925) was the most recent. The longest-serving principal was Henry Foulkes , from 1817 to 1857. When the college was founded in 1571, the first charter installed David Lewis as Principal and named eight others as the first Fellows of the college. The statutes of 1622 allowed for 16 Fellows. There is now no limit on the number of Fellowships that
40803-468: Was to become Leader. On 1 December 2006, Beazley called a leadership election. Rudd announced his candidacy for the leadership hours later. On 4 December, Rudd was elected Leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition with 49 votes to Beazley's 39. Julia Gillard was subsequently elected unopposed as Deputy Leader after Jenny Macklin resigned. At his first press conference as Labor Leader, having thanked Beazley and Macklin, Rudd said he would offer
41006-406: Was usually victorious. Neither the men's nor the women's 1st VIIIs have been "Head of the River" during Eights Week , the main college races, but the women's 1st VIII was Head of the River in the spring races, Torpids , between 1980 and 1983. Jesus boats have also had other successful seasons: the 1896 Jesus College boat had a reputation of being one of the faster boats in the university, and
41209-426: Was welcomed by state governments and many economists, as well as the OECD . The Malcolm Turnbull -led coalition opposed the package, stating that they believed additional tax cuts to those which had been planned the next few years was a better way to prevent a recession. The package was passed in the Senate on the 13 February with support from minor parties and independents, following amendments that reduced
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