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19-549: Keikavus was born in 1021, during the reign of his uncle Manuchihr . In 1041/1042, the Seljuq Sultan Tughril conquered Tabaristan . He then appointed a Seljuq noble to govern the region, but let Anushirvan Sharaf al-Ma'ali keep his status as nominal ruler of those territories. During this period, Keikavus spent his time traveling around the Middle East; he stayed for eight years at Ghazni and even married

38-633: A slave woman who had a child from her owner; those women were renowned for their beauty and intelligence, in that the owner might recognize the legitimacy of his children from them to be legally free and with full rights of inheritance, and refrain from trading the mothers afterwards. Those concubines where from non-Muslim lands and brought to slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate via a number of different slave trade routes. The slave concubines mostly were Abyssinians , Armenians , Berbers , Byzantine Greeks , Turkish or even from Sicily . This

57-629: A castle, but was eventually killed in 1012. Manuchihr was granted the title of Falak al-Ma'ali upon his ascension by the Abbasid caliph al-Qadir . Shortly after this, Manuchihr recognized the sovereignty of the Mahmud of Ghazna , and married one of his daughters. He did so in order to prevent the Ghaznavids from attempting to install his brother Dara, who had fled to the Ghaznavid court, on

76-675: A daughter of the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud , who later bore him Gilanshah. Keikavus then took performed a pilgrimage to Mecca , where he afterwards traveled to the court of the Shaddadid emir Abu'l-Aswar Shavur at Ganja in Arran , and aided him in his invasion of Ani . In 1050, Anushirvan died, and was succeeded by Keikavus as the ruler of Tabaristan. Keikavus' long and peaceful reign certainly encouraged his domains to more cultural activities. Keikavus later died in 1087, and

95-681: A large sum to Mahmud. Manuchihr died in around 1030 and was succeeded by his son Anushirvan , who also undertook a promise to pay tribute to the Ghaznavids. Abbasid caliph The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty , a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib . The family came to power in

114-627: Is the list of Abbasid Caliphs. In 1261, the Abbasid dynasty was re-established by a cadet branch of the dynasty at Cairo under the auspices of the local Mamluk sultans , but these caliphs were purely religious and symbolic figures, while temporal power rested with the Mamluks. The revived caliphate in Cairo lasted until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, after which the caliphal title passed to

133-771: The Abbasid Revolution in 748–750, supplanting the Umayyad Caliphate . They were the rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate , as well as the generally recognized ecumenical heads of Islam, until the 10th century, when the Shi'a Fatimid Caliphate (established in 909) and the Caliphate of Córdoba (established in 929) challenged their primacy. The political decline of the Abbasids had begun earlier, during

152-758: The Anarchy at Samarra (861–870), which accelerated the fragmentation of the Muslim world into autonomous dynasties. The caliphs lost their temporal power in 936–946, first to a series of military strongmen and then to the Shi'a Buyid Emirs that seized control of Baghdad; the Buyids were in turn replaced by the Sunni Seljuk Turks in the mid-11th century, and Turkish rulers assumed the title of " Sultan " to denote their temporal authority. The Abbasid caliphs remained

171-529: The Kakuyid ruler Muhammad ibn Rustam Dushmanziyar , who was a Buyid vassal king of Isfahan, defeated Ibn Fuladh, possibly killing him during the battle. Manuchihr's relationship with the Ghaznavids was not always friendly, however; on his way to seize the possessions of Majd al-Dawla of Ray in 1028, Mahmud invaded the Ziyarid's territory. Manuchihr was forced to flee and only returned to his throne after paying

190-455: The aid of his vassal, the Bavandid ruler Abu Ja'far Muhammad , who managed to defeat Ibn Fuladh and repel him from Ray. Ibn Fuladh then requested aid from Manuchihr. Ibn Fuladh agreed to become Manuchihr's vassal in return for his aid. The following year, a combined army of Ibn Fuladh and Manuchihr besieged Ray, which forced Majd al-Dawla to make Ibn Fuladh the governor of Isfahan . However,

209-474: The army, which threatened to transfer the kingdom to a stranger if he did not agree to their terms. Realising that the sovereignty would thereby be lost to his family, he was thus driven by force to take the course he did. Manuchihr Falak al-Ma'ali Manuchihr ( Persian : فلک‌المعالی منوچهر ), better known as Manuchihr (died c. 1031), was the ruler of the Ziyarids (1012 at the latest – c. 1031). He

SECTION 10

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228-441: The book tells about the creation of the world, and God's is religious duties. The fifth chapter is about duties towards parents. The next two deal with the cultivation of the mind and the power of speech. The next chapters talks about youth and old age; moderation in food; consumption of wine; chess and backgammon; love; the pleasures of life; having a hot bath; sleep and rest; hunting; polo; war; accumulation of wealth; trust in words;

247-404: The book, Keikavus also says the following about his grandfather: It is told of my grandfather Qabus that he was a bloodthirsty man, never able to forgive an offence. He was a cruel man, and because of his cruelty his troops determined upon seeking vengeance. They accordingly entered into a conspiracy with my uncle, Manuchihr, who came and seized his father, Qabus, being compelled to that action by

266-571: The generally recognized suzerains of Sunni Islam , however. In the mid-12th century, the Abbasids regained their independence from the Seljuks, but the revival of Abbasid power ended with the Sack of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258. Most Abbasid caliphs were born to a concubine mother, known as umm al-walad ( Arabic : أم الولد , lit.   'mother of the child'). The term refers to

285-420: The king of Gilan , who lived during the time of Kai Khosrow . Keikavus states in the book, that the grandmother of his father, was descended from Sasanian king Khosrau I . He also states that his mother was a Ghaznavid princess, and that his great-grandmother of his father's side was the daughter of Hasan ibn al-Fairuzan , a noble of Tabaristan and a relative of Makan ibn Kaki . The first four chapters of

304-457: The purchase of slaves; the purchase of properties; the purchase of horses; marriage; children's education; the choice of friends; how to deal with enemies; forgiveness; punishment and favors; studies and legal functions; commercial law; medicine; astrology and mathematics; poetry; the art of minstrelsy; the service of kings; the qualities of a courtier, secretaries, viziers, generals and king; farming and agriculture; and finally about generosity. In

323-469: The throne. Manuchihr sent tribute and Dailamite troop detachments for Mahmud's invasion of India. Ibn Fuladh , a Dailamite military officer, who claimed Qazvin for himself, revolted against his Buyid overlord Majd al-Dawla in 1016. Majd al-Dawla, however, refused to make him governor of Qazvin, which made Ibn Fuladh threaten him around the countryside of his capital in Ray . Majd al-Dawla then requested

342-517: Was succeeded by his son. Keikavus was not only a ruler, but also a poet; in 1082, he wrote the Qabus nama , which he named after his grandfather Qabus. The book was written in Persian , the native language of Keikavus. The book contains forty-four chapters. In the book, Keikavus recalls his noble origins. He tells about the genealogy of his father, saying that he was a descendant of Arghush Farhadan ,

361-451: Was the son of Qabus . During his father's reign Manuchihr was appointed as governor of Tabaristan . When, in the early part of the 11th century, a group of army conspirators rebelled against Qabus and took control of the capital Gurgan , invited Manuchihr to take the throne. Due to his fear that he might lose the succession, he agreed and pursued Qabus to Bastam . His father eventually agreed to step down in favor of his son and retired to

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