SR 57
85-695: The Kellogg Interchange complex is a freeway interchange in Southern California , connecting the San Bernardino ( Interstate 10 ), Orange ( State Route 57 ), and Chino Valley ( State Route 71 ) freeways. The interchange is located at the boundary between the cities of San Dimas and Pomona about 25 miles (40 km) east of downtown Los Angeles . It is named for the nearby W. K. Kellogg Ranch, now home to Cal Poly Pomona . The interchange comprises five freeway segments (i.e. there are five freeway 'paths' of travel into
170-735: A four-leaf clover . A cloverleaf is the minimum interchange required for a four-legged system interchange. Although they were commonplace until the 1970s, most highway departments and ministries have sought to rebuild them into more efficient and safer designs. The cloverleaf interchange was invented by Maryland engineer Arthur Hale, who filed a patent for its design on May 24, 1915. The first one in North America opened on December 15, 1929, in Woodbridge, New Jersey, connecting New Jersey Route 25 and Route 4 (now U.S. Route 1/9 and New Jersey Route 35). It
255-407: A teardrop shape, with the points facing towards the center of the interchange. Longer ramps are often required due to line-of-sight requirements at roundabouts. A partial cloverleaf interchange (often shortened to the portmanteau, parclo ) is an interchange with loops ramps in one to three quadrants, and diamond interchange ramps in any number of quadrants. The various configurations are generally
340-399: A complex appearance and are often colloquially described as Mixing Bowls , Mixmasters (for a Sunbeam Products brand of electric kitchen mixers ), or as Spaghetti Bowls or Spaghetti Junctions (being compared to boiled spaghetti ). However, they consume a significantly smaller area of land compared to a cloverleaf interchange. A combination interchange (sometimes referred to by
425-475: A directional T interchange) is typically used when a three-way interchange is required for two or three highways interchanging in semi-parallel/perpendicular directions, but it can also be used in right-angle case as well. Their connecting ramps can spur from either the right or left side of the highway, depending on the direction of travel and the angle. Directional T interchanges use flyover/underpass ramps for both connecting and mainline segments, and they require
510-412: A dumbbell interchange or a dogbone interchange, is similar to the diamond interchange, but uses a pair of roundabouts in place of intersections to join the highway ramps with the crossroad. This typically increases the efficiency of the interchange when compared to a diamond, but is only ideal in light traffic conditions. In the dogbone variation, the roundabouts do not form a complete circle, instead having
595-443: A female householder with no husband present and 25.6% were non-families. Of all households, 21.4% were made up of individuals and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.27. 21.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
680-473: A female householder with no husband present, and 26.4% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.19. In the township, the population was spread out, with 22.4% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 34.8% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
765-667: A moderate amount of land and moderate costs since only two levels of roadway are typically used. Their name derives from their resemblance to the capital letter T, depending upon the angle from which the interchange is seen and the alignment of the roads that are interchanging. It is sometimes known as the "New England Y", as this design is often seen in the northeastern United States, particularly in Connecticut. This type of interchange features directional ramps (no loops, or weaving right to turn left) and can use multilane ramps in comparatively little space. Some designs have two ramps and
850-454: A parclo AB features a loop ramp approaching the crossroad in one direction, and beyond the crossroad in the opposing direction, as in the example image. A diverging diamond interchange (DDI) or double crossover diamond interchange (DCD) is similar to a traditional diamond interchange, except the opposing lanes on the crossroad cross each other twice, once on each side of the highway. This allows all highway entrances and exits to avoid crossing
935-551: A partisan basis as part of the November general election in odd-numbered years. The council includes four members elected at-large and five members elected from each of the township's five wards . The at-large and mayoral seats come up together for vote followed two years later by the five ward seats. As of 2024 , the Mayor of Woodbridge Township is Democrat John McCormac , whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. McCormac
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#17327808150191020-1090: A partisan basis to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election. At an annual reorganization meeting held in January, the board selects from among its members a commissioner director and deputy director. As of 2024 , Middlesex County's Commissioners (with party affiliation, term-end year, and residence listed in parentheses) are: Director Ronald G. Rios (D, Carteret , 2024), Deputy Director Shanti Narra (D, North Brunswick , 2024), Claribel A. "Clary" Azcona-Barber (D, New Brunswick , 2025), Charles Kenny (D, Woodbridge Township , 2025), Leslie Koppel (D, Monroe Township , 2026), Chanelle Scott McCullum (D, Piscataway , 2024) and Charles E. Tomaro (D, Edison , 2026). Constitutional officers are: Clerk Nancy Pinkin (D, 2025, East Brunswick ), Sheriff Mildred S. Scott (D, 2025, Piscataway) and Surrogate Claribel Cortes (D, 2026; North Brunswick). As of March 2011, there were
1105-705: A portion of the East Coast Greenway . Merrill Park is a 179 acres (72 ha) park along the banks of the South Branch Rahway River , fully renovated in 2013. It has sports facilities, playgrounds, bike paths and walkways . James Parker founded the first printing press in New Jersey in 1751; his building has been restored with an old working printing press. It is located in Parker Press Park, Woodbridge Proper;
1190-439: A safer modification of the cloverleaf design, due to a partial or complete reduction in weaving, but may require traffic lights on the lesser-travelled crossroad. Depending on the number of ramps used, they take up a moderate to large amount of land, and have varying capacity and efficiency. Parclo configurations are given names based on the location of and number of quadrants with ramps. The letter A denotes that, for traffic on
1275-543: A small angle and meet the non-freeway at almost right angles. These ramps at the non-freeway can be controlled through stop signs , traffic signals , or turn ramps. Diamond interchanges are much more economical in use of materials and land than other interchange designs, as the junction does not normally require more than one bridge to be constructed. However, their capacity is lower than other interchanges and when traffic volumes are high they can easily become congested. A double roundabout diamond interchange, also known as
1360-401: A three-level semi-directional T at Highway 407 and a two-level semi-directional T at Highway 401 . Service interchanges are used between a controlled-access route and a crossroad that is not controlled-access. A full cloverleaf may be used as a system or a service interchange. A diamond interchange is an interchange involving four ramps where they enter and leave the freeway at
1445-509: A three-way interchange. However, in a semi-directional T, some of the splits and merges are switched to avoid ramps to and from the passing lane , eliminating the major disadvantage of the directional T. Semi-directional T interchanges are generally safe and efficient, though they do require more land and are costlier than trumpet interchanges. Semi-directional T interchanges are built as two- or three-level junctions, with three-level interchanges typically used in urban or suburban areas where land
1530-442: A toll road meets another toll road or a free highway. They are also useful when most traffic on the terminating highway is going in the same direction. The turn that is used less often would contain the slower loop ramp. Trumpet interchanges are often used instead of directional or semi-directional T or Y interchanges because they require less bridge construction but still eliminate weaving. A full Y-interchange (also known as
1615-554: A total of 54,674 registered voters in Woodbridge Township, of which 20,900 (38.2%) were registered as Democrats , 6,135 (11.2%) were registered as Republicans and 27,611 (50.5%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There were 28 voters registered to other parties. In the 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 62.2% of the vote (22,386 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 36.7% (13,200 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (386 votes), among
1700-422: A traditional stack interchange. A three-level roundabout interchange features a grade-separated roundabout which handles traffic exchanging between highways. The ramps of the interchanging highways meet at a roundabout , or rotary, on a separated level above, below, or in the middle of the two highways. These interchanges can also be used to make a "linking road" to the destination for a service interchange, or
1785-433: A turnout of 70.2%. In the 2004 presidential election , Democrat John Kerry received 53.5% of the vote (19,662 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 45.1% (16,589 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (367 votes), among the 36,770 ballots cast by the township's 51,913 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 70.8. In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 58.9% of
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#17327808150191870-446: Is a 3-level stack, since the semi-directional ramps are spaced out far enough, so they do not need to cross each other at a single point as in a conventional 4-level stack. Stacks are significantly more expensive than other four-way interchanges are due to the design of the four levels; additionally, they may suffer from objections of local residents because of their height and high visual impact. Large stacks with multiple levels may have
1955-428: Is an alternative four-way directional interchange. The turbine interchange requires fewer levels (usually two or three) while retaining directional ramps throughout. It features right-exit, left-turning ramps that sweep around the center of the interchange in a clockwise spiral . A full turbine interchange features a minimum of 18 overpasses, and requires more land to construct than a four-level stack interchange; however,
2040-477: Is braided when at least one of the roadways reverses sides. It seeks to make left and right turns equally easy. In a pure braided interchange, each roadway has one right exit, one left exit, one right on-ramp, and one left on-ramp, and both roadways are flipped. The first pure braided interchange was built in Baltimore at Interstate 95 at Interstate 695 ; however, the interchange was reconfigured in 2008 to
2125-616: Is governed within the Faulkner Act , formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter law, under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government. The township is one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government. The governing body is comprised of a directly elected mayor and a nine-member Township Council, with all officials elected to staggered four-year terms of office on
2210-771: Is in the Arthur Kill . Area codes 732 and 848 are used in Woodbridge. Pumpkin Patch Brook , which flows through Woodbridge, is a tributary of the Robinson's Branch of the Rahway River , which feeds the Robinson's Branch Reservoir . The township has a borderline humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) similar to most of metropolitan New Jersey. The local hardiness zone is 7a. There are distinct communities within Woodbridge Township . Several of these communities have their own ZIP Codes , and many are listed by
2295-552: Is located in the 6th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 19th state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 6th congressional district is represented by Frank Pallone ( D , Long Branch ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For
2380-470: Is more expensive. In a three-level semi-directional T, the two semi-directional ramps from the terminating highway cross the surviving highway at or near a single point, which requires both an overpass and underpass. In a two-level semi-directional T, the two semi-directional ramps from the terminating highway cross each other at a different point than the surviving highway, necessitating longer ramps and often one ramp having two overpasses. Highway 412 has
2465-480: Is named after Reverend John W. Woodbridge (1613–1696) of Newbury, Massachusetts , who settled in the future township in 1664. Woodbridge was the site of one of America's deadliest rail accidents on February 6, 1951, when a crowded commuter train derailed with 85 deaths . The victims are memorialized by a pair of historical markers, installed by New Jersey Transit in 2002 and by Woodbridge Township in 2013. In October 1982, Woodbridge made national news when, for
2550-766: Is the oldest original township in New Jersey and was granted a royal charter on June 1, 1669, by King Charles II of England . It was reincorporated on October 31, 1693. Woodbridge Township was incorporated by the Township Act of 1798 of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, as one of the initial 104 townships incorporated in the state under the Township Act. Portions of the township were taken to form Rahway (April 19, 1858), Raritan Township (March 17, 1870, now Edison Township ) and Roosevelt (April 11, 1906, now Carteret ). The township
2635-628: Is to integrate smaller areas of park land in the eastern portion of Heards Brook into the larger area of open spaces with a bioswale . In 2013, the Ernest L. Oros Wildlife Preserve was dedicated; the Preserve occupies 67 acres (27 ha) along the Woodbridge River and has restored the river and adjacent land as a nature preserve . Activities include hiking, boating, bird watching, and picnicking. Many bird species have been observed along
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2720-533: The 2024-2025 session , the 19th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Joe F. Vitale ( D , Woodbridge Township ) and in the General Assembly by Craig Coughlin (D, Woodbridge Township) and Yvonne Lopez (D, Perth Amboy ). Middlesex County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners , whose seven members are elected at-large on
2805-608: The U.S. Census Bureau , the township had a total area of 24.61 square miles (63.74 km ), including 23.26 square miles (60.24 km ) of land and 1.35 square miles (3.50 km ) of water (5.50%). The township borders Carteret , Edison , Perth Amboy and Sayreville in Middlesex County; Clark , Linden and Rahway in Union County . Its border with the borough of Staten Island in New York City
2890-684: The U.S. state of New Jersey . The township is a regional hub of transportation and commerce for central New Jersey and a major bedroom suburb of New York City , within the New York metropolitan area . Located within the core of the Raritan Valley region , Woodbridge Township hosts the junction of the New Jersey Turnpike and the Garden State Parkway , the two busiest highways in the state, and also serves as
2975-738: The United States Census Bureau as census-designated places (CDPs), but they are all unincorporated communities and neighborhoods within the Township that, together, make up Woodbridge Township. Avenel (with 2010 Census population of 17,011 ), Colonia (17,795 ), Fords (15,187 ), Iselin (18,695 ), Port Reading (3,728 ), Sewaren (2,756 ), Woodbridge or Woodbridge Proper (19,265 ) are census-designated places and unincorporated communities located within Woodbridge Township. Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within
3060-400: The controlled-access highway , the loop ramps are located in advance of (or approaching ) the crossroad, and thus provide an onramp to the highway. The letter B indicated that the loop ramps are beyond the crossroad, and thus provide an offramp from the highway. These letters can be used together when opposite directions of travel on the controlled-access highway are not symmetrical, thus
3145-471: The poverty line , including 4.7% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over. Woodbridge Center , with a gross leasable area of 1,633,000 square feet (151,700 m ), is the third-biggest mall in New Jersey, behind Westfield Garden State Plaza and Freehold Raceway Mall . Wakefern Food Corporation , owner of ShopRite , has its headquarters in Keasbey in the township. Additionally,
3230-403: The "inside" through road (on the same side as the freeway that ends) crossing each other at a three-level bridge. The directional T interchange is preferred to a trumpet interchange because a trumpet requires a loop ramp by which speeds can be reduced, but flyover ramps can handle much faster speeds. The disadvantage of the directional T is that traffic from the terminating road enters and leaves on
3315-623: The 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of 25 schools, had an enrollment of 13,836 students and 1,193.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.6:1. High schools in the district (with 2022–23 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ) are Colonia High School with 1,356 students in grades 9-12, John F. Kennedy Memorial High School (1,371; 9-12), Reaching Individual Student Excellence (RISE) (NA; 9-12) and Woodbridge High School (1,558; 9-12). As of May 2010 ,
3400-620: The 23,913 ballots cast by the township's 53,843 registered voters, yielding a 44.4% turnout. The Woodbridge Township School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade . All schools in the district are accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools. The district's three standard high schools offer more than 150 courses, including Advanced Placement , college preparatory, business, vocational and cooperative work/study programs. As of
3485-405: The 36,301 ballots cast by the township's 55,262 registered voters (329 ballots were spoiled ), for a turnout of 65.7%. In the 2008 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 55.9% of the vote (21,590 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 42.0% (16,251 votes) and other candidates with 1.2% (472 votes), among the 38,657 ballots cast by the township's 55,075 registered voters, for
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3570-477: The 97,203 counted in the 2000 census . Woodbridge was the state's sixth-largest by population in 2000 and 2010. According to historian Joshua Coffin , the community's early settlers included: Captain John Pike, the ancestor of General Zebulon Montgomery Pike , who was killed at the battle of Queenstown in 1813; Thomas Bloomfield, the ancestor of Joseph Bloomfield , some years governor of New Jersey, for whom
3655-470: The Kellogg Interchange; that section of the 210 north of the interchange no longer exists as it has been resigned as State Route 57. Generally, transitioning from one freeway to another is efficient and safe because at the time of the interchange's construction, it was not encumbered by existing, surrounding development in the immediate vicinity. Therefore, freeway alignments are straight and
3740-698: The Township Council selected Cory Spillar from a list of three candidates nominated by the Democratic municipal committee to fill the Third Ward seat that had been held by Council President Michele Charmello until her resignation the previous month to take a position in Pittsburgh . The council chose new leadership, promoting Nancy Drumm from vice president to president (to replace Charmello) and Rick Dalina as vice president. Woodbridge Township
3825-548: The Township Council selected Sharon McAuliffe from a list of three candidates submitted by the Democratic municipal committee to fill the First Ward seat expiring in December 2025 that had been held by Nancy Bader-Drumm for a decade until her death earlier that month. McAuliffe served on an interim basis until the November 2022 general election, when she was elected to serve the balance of the term of office. In August 2015,
3910-446: The Township, including exits 127 to 132. The Parkway connects Sayreville in the south to Clark in the north. In addition, the New Jersey Turnpike ( Interstate 95 ) passes through Woodbridge Township for about 5 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (8.4 km), and is accessible at Exit 11 (which features a 24-lane toll gate). The Turnpike's Grover Cleveland Service Area is located between Interchanges 11 and 12 northbound at milepost 92.9 and
3995-540: The United States and the fifth highest in New Jersey—behind Edison (17.75%), Plainsboro Township (16.97%), Piscataway Township (12.49%) and South Brunswick Township (10.48%)—of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry. There were 34,562 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 11.4% had
4080-485: The United States opened on July 7, 2009, in Springfield, Missouri , at the junction of Interstate 44 and Missouri Route 13 . A single-point urban interchange (SPUI) or single-point diamond interchange (SPDI) is a modification of a diamond interchange in which all four ramps to and from a controlled-access highway converge at a single, three-phase traffic light in the middle of an overpass or underpass. While
4165-401: The bridges are generally short in length. Coupled with reduced maintenance costs, a turbine interchange is a less costly alternative to a stack. A windmill interchange is similar to a turbine interchange, but it has much sharper turns, reducing its size and capacity. The interchange is named for its similar overhead appearance to the blades of a windmill . A variation of the windmill, called
4250-507: The compact design is safer, more efficient, and offers increased capacity—with three light phases as opposed to four in a traditional diamond, and two left turn queues on the arterial road instead of four—the significantly wider overpass or underpass structure makes them more costly than most service interchanges. Since single-point urban interchanges can exist in rural areas, such as the interchange of U.S. Route 23 with M-59 in Michigan ;
4335-401: The complex). The three freeways that intersect here are I-10 ( San Bernardino Freeway ), SR 57 ( Orange Freeway ), and SR 71 ( Chino Valley Freeway ), though not all traffic movements are accommodated: from 57 North, 71 South is not available; from 71 North, 10 East and 57 South are not available, and from 10 West, 71 South is not available. Occasionally Kellogg Hill is used to describe
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#17327808150194420-537: The creation of a new basic road as a service interchange. Trumpet interchanges may be used where one highway terminates at another highway, and are named as such for to their resemblance to trumpets . They are sometimes called jug handles . These interchanges are very common on toll roads , as they concentrate all entering and exiting traffic into a single stretch of roadway, where toll plazas can be installed once to handle all traffic, especially on ticket-based tollways . A double-trumpet interchange can be found where
4505-448: The diverging windmill, increases capacity by altering the direction of traffic flow of the interchanging highways, making the connecting ramps much more direct. There also is a hybrid interchange somewhat like the diverging windmill in which left turn exits merge on the left, but it differs in that the left turn exits use left directional ramps. A braided or diverging interchange is a two-level, four-way interchange. An interchange
4590-473: The first roads to feature grade-separations. Maryland engineer Arthur Hale filed a patent for the design of a cloverleaf interchange on May 24, 1915, though the conceptual roadwork was not realised until a cloverleaf opened on December 15, 1929, in Woodbridge, New Jersey , connecting New Jersey Route 25 and Route 4 (now U.S. Route 1/9 and New Jersey Route 35 ). It
4675-415: The first time in the United States, local authorities enacted a now-repealed measure under which people were banned from using the then-popular Sony Walkman cassette players in public, while riding a bike, crossing the street, or driving a car. Violators were to be fined $ 50 and could have spent up to 15 days in jail. In April 2022, this law was repealed in its entirety by township ordinance. According to
4760-488: The headquarters for the New Jersey Turnpike Authority , which operates both highways. As of the 2020 United States census , the township was the state's seventh-most-populous municipality , with a population of 103,639, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 4,054 (+4.1%) from the 99,585 recorded at the 2010 census , which in turn reflected an increase of 2,382 (+2.5%) from
4845-613: The interchange; however, most traffic reporters properly describe Kellogg Hill as the actual hill that the San Bernardino Freeway climbs between West Covina and the Kellogg Interchange. This hill is often backed up due to slow trucks, especially on the westbound side where there is no additional truck lane. The crest of the hill is near the Via Verde onramp in San Dimas. Until 2002, Interstate 210 connected with
4930-594: The opposite direction of travel and saves one signal phase of traffic lights each. The first DDIs were constructed in the French communities of Versailles ( A13 at D182), Le Perreux-sur-Marne ( A4 at N486) and Seclin ( A1 at D549), in the 1970s. Despite the fact that such interchanges already existed, the idea for the DDI was "reinvented" around 2000, inspired by the freeway-to-freeway interchange between Interstate 95 and I-695 north of Baltimore . The first DDI in
5015-512: The park has concert series in the summer. Woodbridge Community Center has a gym, miniature golf course, batting cages, a pool, community rooms, a playground, and also has "The Arenas", which have a roller skating rink with arcade and an ice skating rink. Joseph Medwick Park is a Middlesex County Park , shared with Carteret, along banks of the Rahway River . It is part of the Rahway River Greenway Plan. Woodbridge
5100-513: The passing lane, so the semi-directional T interchange (see below) is preferred. The interchange of Highway 416 and Highway 417 in Ontario, constructed in the early 1990s, is one of the few directional T interchanges, as most transportation departments had switched to the semi-directional T design. As with a directional T interchange, a semi-directional T interchange uses flyover (overpass) or underpass ramps in all directions at
5185-543: The portmanteau, cloverstack ) is a hybrid of other interchange designs. It uses loop ramps to serve slower or less-occupied traffic flow , and flyover ramps to serve faster and heavier traffic flows. If local and express ways serving the same directions and each roadway is connected righthand to the interchange, extra ramps are installed. The combination interchange design is commonly used to upgrade cloverleaf interchanges to increase their capacity and eliminate weaving. Some turbine-stack hybrids: The turbine interchange
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#17327808150195270-474: The preserve is the Butterfly Garden. Downstream and north of Port Reading Avenue is Woodbridge River Park. It covers 40 acres (16 ha), and has been described as "loaded with channels, backwaters , oxbows and suitable for canoes." The Middlesex Greenway is a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) long rail trail , a former Lehigh Valley Railroad rail line between Metuchen and Woodbridge. It makes up
5355-467: The problem of weaving, and due to the semi-directional flyover ramps and directional ramps, they are generally safe and efficient at handling high traffic volumes in all directions. A standard stack interchange includes roads on four levels, also known as a 4-level stack, including the two perpendicular highways, and one more additional level for each pair of left-turn ramps. These ramps can be stacked (cross) in various configurations above, below, or between
5440-587: The right side of the road. For left-side driving, the layout of junctions is mirrored. Both North American (NA) and British (UK) terminology is included. The concept of the controlled-access highway developed in the 1920s and 1930s in Italy, Germany, the United States, and Canada. Initially, these roads featured at-grade intersections along their length. Interchanges were developed to provide access between these new highways and heavily-travelled surface streets. The Bronx River Parkway and Long Island Motor Parkway were
5525-455: The rightmost lane. After demerging from right-turning traffic, they complete their left turn by crossing both highways on a flyover ramp or underpass. The penultimate step is a merge with the right-turn on-ramp traffic from the opposite quadrant of the interchange. Finally, an on-ramp merges both streams of incoming traffic into the left-bound highway. As there is only one off-ramp and one on-ramp (in that respective order), stacks do not suffer from
5610-539: The river, particularly at the Oros Preserve. Bird sightings include wading birds ( great blue herons and great egrets ), the bald eagle , belted kingfishers and Canada goose . Eight mammal species have been noted, including raccoon and red fox; nine fish species have been identified, including the American eel . The Preserve has been called "an important hot spot in an otherwise highly developed area." Within
5695-421: The road is extended. US 70 and US 17 west of New Bern, North Carolina is an example. A stack interchange is a four-way interchange whereby a semi-directional left turn and a directional right turn are both available. Usually, access to both turns is provided simultaneously by a single off-ramp. Assuming right-handed driving, to cross over incoming traffic and go left, vehicles first exit onto an off-ramp from
5780-466: The routes to pass through the junction without interruption from crossing traffic streams. It differs from a standard intersection , where roads cross at grade . Interchanges are almost always used when at least one road is a controlled-access highway (freeway) or a limited-access highway (expressway), though they are sometimes used at junctions between surface streets. Note: The descriptions of interchanges apply to countries where vehicles drive on
5865-616: The term single-point diamond interchange is considered the correct phrasing. Single-point interchanges were first built in the early 1970s along U.S. Route 19 in the Tampa Bay area of Florida , including the SR 694 interchange in St. Petersburg and SR 60 in Clearwater . Woodbridge Township, New Jersey Woodbridge Township is a township in northern Middlesex County , in
5950-504: The township had a total of 303.32 miles (488.15 km) of roadways, of which 244.16 miles (392.94 km) were maintained by the municipality, 28.79 miles (46.33 km) by Middlesex County, 17.69 miles (28.47 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 12.68 miles (20.41 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . The Garden State Parkway extends 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (12.1 km) through
6035-520: The township include: Boynton Beach, Demarest Hill Top, Edgars , Fairfield, Hazelton, Hopelawn , Keasbey , Lynn Woodoaks, Menlo Park Terrace, , Ostrander, Saint Stephens, Sand Hills, Shore View, Union, and Woodbridge Oaks. The 2010 United States census counted 99,585 people, 34,615 households, and 25,754 families in the township. The population density was 4,290.0 per square mile (1,656.4/km ). There were 36,124 housing units at an average density of 1,556.2 per square mile (600.9/km ). The racial makeup
6120-436: The township is one of a handful in New Jersey that have authorized the sale of medical cannabis through local dispensaries. In the center of Woodbridge Heards Brook passes through Heards Brook Park. Described as "the most preferred tourist attraction in Woodbridge," it has a wooded area, picnic tables, tree-lined stone pathways, basketball courts and "stunning views of the brook." The Rutgers University floodplain plan
6205-470: The township of Bloomfield is named; John Bishop, senior and junior; Jonathan Haynes; Henry Jaques; George March; Stephen Kent; Abraham Toppan, junior; Elisha Ilsley; Hugh March; John Bloomfield; Samuel Moore ; Nathaniel Webster; John Ilsley; and others." Woodbridge was the site of the first gristmill in New Jersey. The mill was built by Jonathan Singletary Dunham , who was married to Mary Bloomfield, relative of Joseph Bloomfield . Woodbridge Township
6290-515: The township was $ 32,144 (+/− $ 717). About 3.8% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.9% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States census , there were 97,203 people, 34,562 households, and 25,437 families residing in the township. The population density was 4,224.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,631.1/km ). There were 35,298 housing units at an average density of 1,534.1 per square mile (592.3/km ). The racial makeup of
6375-431: The township was 70.83% White , 8.75% African American , 0.17% Native American , 14.46% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 3.30% from other races , and 2.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.21% of the population. As of the 2000 Census, 9.19% of Woodbridge Township's residents identified themselves as being of Indian American ancestry, which was the tenth-highest of any municipality in
6460-436: The transition roads that connect them have predictable, constant radii. Freeway interchange In the field of road transport , an interchange (American English) or a grade-separated junction (British English) is a road junction that uses grade separations to allow for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways or highways , using a system of interconnecting roadways to permit traffic on at least one of
6545-502: The two interchanging highways. This makes them distinct from turbine interchanges, where pairs of left-turn ramps are separated but at the same level. There are some stacks that could be considered 5-level; however, these remain four-way interchanges, since the fifth level actually consists of dedicated ramps for HOV /bus lanes or frontage roads running through the interchange. The stack interchange between I-10 and I-405 in Los Angeles
6630-529: The vote (12,122 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 39.7% (8,183 votes), and other candidates with 1.4% (286 votes), among the 21,064 ballots cast by the township's 56,121 registered voters (473 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 37.5%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 50.1% of the vote (11,987 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 41.9% (10,029 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 7.2% (1,710 votes) and other candidates with 1.1% (261 votes), among
6715-417: Was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.0 males. The median income for a household in the township was $ 60,683, and the median income for a family was $ 68,492. Males had a median income of $ 49,248 versus $ 35,096 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 25,087. About 3.2% of families and 4.8% of the population were below
6800-495: Was 38.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 98.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 98.0 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $ 79,277 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 2,537) and the median family income was $ 88,656 (+/− $ 2,537). Males had a median income of $ 60,139 (+/− $ 1,971) versus $ 46,078 (+/− $ 1,635) for females. The per capita income for
6885-430: Was 59.18% (58,935) White , 9.85% (9,810) Black or African American , 0.32% (321) Native American , 22.42% (22,324) Asian , 0.04% (39) Pacific Islander , 5.28% (5,254) from other races , and 2.91% (2,902) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.63% (15,562) of the population. Of the 34,615 households, 33.6% had children under the age of 18; 57.2% were married couples living together; 12.4% had
6970-540: Was considered a revolutionary design at the time of its construction. A cloverleaf offers uninterrupted connections between two roads but suffers from weaving issues. Along the mainline, a loop ramp introduces traffic prior to a second loop ramp providing access to the crossroad, between which ingress and egress traffic mixes. For this reason, the cloverleaf interchange has fallen out of favour in place of combination interchanges . Some may be half cloverleaf containing ghost ramps which can be upgraded to full cloverleafs if
7055-436: Was designed by Philadelphia engineering firm Rudolph and Delano, based on a design seen in an Argentinian magazine. A system interchange connects multiple controlled-access highways, involving no at-grade signalised intersections. A cloverleaf interchange is a four-legged junction where left turns across opposing traffic are handled by non-directional loop ramps. It is named for its appearance from above, which resembles
7140-596: Was designed by Philadelphia engineering firm Rudolph and Delano based on a design seen in an Argentinian magazine. The first cloverleaf in Canada opened in 1938 at the junction of Highway 10 and what would become the Queen Elizabeth Way . The first cloverleaf outside of North America opened in Stockholm on October 15, 1935. Nicknamed Slussen , it was referred to as a "traffic carousel" and
7225-723: Was first elected on November 7, 2006, and sworn in on November 14, 2006. McCormac replaced Frank G. Pelzman, who became mayor on January 17, 2002, when former mayor James E. McGreevey resigned to become governor. Members of the Township Council are Council President Kyle M. Anderson (D, 2027; at-large), Council Vice President Cory S. Spillar (D, 2025; Third Ward), Harold R. "Howie" Bauer Jr. (D, 2025; Second Ward), Lizbeth DeJesus (D, 2027; at-large), Gregg M. Ficarra (D, 2027; at-large), Sharon McAuliffe (D, 2025; First Ward - elected to serve an unexpired term), Debbie Meehan (D, 2025; Fifth Ward), Virbhadra N. "Viru" Patel (D, 2025; Fourth Ward) and Brian F. Small (D, 2027; at-large). In January 2022,
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