Alfred R. Kelman (born May 17, 1936) is an American film and television documentary producer and director, renowned for his work on The Body Human and the 1984 television adaptation of A Christmas Carol , starring George C. Scott .
91-540: Kelman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Alfred R. Kelman (born 1936), American film and television documentary producer and director Ari Kelman (born 1968), Chancellor’s Leadership Professor of History at University of California, Davis Charles Kelman (1930–2004), ophthalmologist and a pioneer in cataract surgery Charlie Kelman (born 2001), American professional soccer player Emile Kelman , record producer and audio engineer Herbert Kelman ,
182-466: A WBZ-TV producer/director as well as head of public affairs programming, Kelman formed a career alliance with a young teaching physician from Harvard Medical School, Robert E. Fuisz, M.D. Fuisz worked closely with Kelman to realize his vision to provide medical information to the public with an early morning series, Medical Knowledge for Man. The format featured Fuisz as a physician, and Kelman produced over 60 half-hour episodes which were distributed across
273-526: A comma, and items are alphabetized by the last name. In France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Latin America, administrative usage is to put the surname before the first on official documents. In most Balto-Slavic languages (such as Latvian, Lithuanian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Slovak, Czech, etc.) as well as in Greek , Irish, Icelandic , and Azerbaijani , some surnames change form depending on
364-506: A constitutional right to bail. Kelman and his producing partner of KLM Films, Inc, Philip Levitan of Nashville with the expert assistance of agent Ron Yatter (a former executive with The William Morris Agency) became personal guarantors, and obtained the rights to Amy Fisher's first-hand account of her story, resulting in the NBC movie of the week, Amy Fisher: My Story, the only time in the history of television that all 3 networks, ABC, CBS, NBC aired
455-721: A day for 30 days, lavishly produced on location from Coney Island to the Catskills, from Manhattan to Brooklyn, from rooftops to swimming pools, subway stations, bridges, construction sites, penthouses, nightclubs, dance studios... Audio playback synchronization system, hand-held Éclair 16mm, magnetic stripe 16mm stock, e.g., to name a few, The Tokens "The Lion Sleeps At Night," Mamie Van Doren "Lollypop" Lou Monte "Martha, Martha," Billy Daniels "That Old Black Magic," Tommy Edwards "Please Love Me Forever," Bene King "There Is A Rose In Spanish Harlem." The project ended in disaster. Films were never released, and therein lies another tale. Next stop,
546-401: A direct participant in a media-feeding frenzy over the shooting by teenager Amy Fisher of the wife of her adulterous lover. The judge dubbed her "Lethal Lolita" setting bail at $ 2,000,000. Unable to raise bail, a series of legal entanglements ensued over whether her defense attorney, Eric Naiburg, had the right to sell her story in exchange for bail. Advised by counsel that anyone held on bail had
637-578: A famous ancestor, or the place of origin; but they were not universal. For example, Hunayn ibn Ishaq (fl. 850 AD) was known by the nisbah "al-'Ibadi", a federation of Arab Christian tribes that lived in Mesopotamia prior to the advent of Islam . In Ancient Greece, as far back as the Archaic Period clan names and patronymics ("son of") were also common, as in Aristides as Λῡσῐμᾰ́χου –
728-464: A genitive singular form meaning son of Lysimachus. For example, Alexander the Great was known as Heracleides , as a supposed descendant of Heracles , and by the dynastic name Karanos / Caranus , which referred to the founder of the dynasty to which he belonged . These patronymics are already attested for many characters in the works of Homer . At other times formal identification commonly included
819-515: A march stretching over 20 miles through the streets of Greater Boston, crowds estimated in the hundreds of thousands gathered, blacks and whites hand in hand, in racial harmony. Kelman, assigned to produce documentary coverage of this seminal event, was granted a private interview with Dr. King. The Kelman interview formed the heart of the documentary Martin Luther King in Boston . That year, as
910-428: A member of the corporate Board and a key management executive until the sale of Medcom in 1983 to a Fortune 500 company. In 1976 Fuisz & Kelman partnered with Thomas W. Moore, then President of Tomorrow Entertainment and former president for 12 years during the golden age of ABC-TV, (1958-1970), to form The Tomorrow Entertainment/Medcom Co. Thus was executed, with the blessing of Richard Salant, President of CBS News,
1001-482: A month-long exhibit at a Washington CT gallery, "A Year of Displaced Energy," culled from 1992/93 while studying at the Art Student League of New York City, under the tutelage of Michael Burban, a Master Teacher of figure drawings and author, "Lessons From The Masters," a classic study of the anatomical beauty of the work of Michelangelo. From November 2016-March 2017, 18 life drawings influenced by and after
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#17327804485731092-416: A motion picture docudrama on the same subject within weeks of one another. The full story of Amy Fisher is excellently depicted as a sociological work by Sheila Weller, author "Amy Fisher: My Story." Retrospectively, with a career covering over 50 years, the gross budget for Kelman's productions, i.e., money spent above and below the line put on the screen, is estimated in the high range of 8 figures. During
1183-619: A number of sources, was an English nickname meaning "effeminate". A group of nicknames look like occupational ones: King , Bishop , Abbot , Sheriff , Knight , etc. but it is rather unlikely that a person with surname King was a king or descended from a king. Bernard Deacon suggests that the first nickname/surname bearer may have acted as a king or bishop, or was corpulent as bishop. etc. A considerable group of surname-producing nicknames may be found among ethnonymic surnames . Ornamental surnames are made up of names, not specific to any attribute (place, parentage, occupation, caste) of
1274-545: A person. Compound surnames can be composed of separate names. Using names has been documented in even the oldest historical records. Examples of surnames are documented in the 11th century by the barons in England. English surnames began as a way of identifying a certain aspect of that individual, such as by trade, father's name, location of birth, or physical features, and were not necessarily inherited. By 1400 most English families, and those from Lowland Scotland, had adopted
1365-426: A principal of Medcom, a publicly traded company pioneering in the dissemination of medical knowledge to physicians and the public. As the producer, director, and co-creator of the groundbreaking CBS documentary series The Body Human (1977), which explored the relationship between biochemistry, medicine, and human behavior, he paved the way for Lifeline , a documentary television series on NBC . Kelman has won
1456-736: A surname tradition. Ornamental surnames are more common in communities that adopted (or were forced to adopt) surnames in the 18th and 19th centuries. They occur commonly in Scandinavia, and among Sinti and Roma and Jews in Germany and Austria. During the era of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade many Africans were given new names by their masters. Many of the family names of many African-Americans have their origins in slavery ( i.e. slave name ). Some freed slaves later created family names themselves. Another category of acquired names
1547-602: Is Velbienė , and his unmarried daughter, Velbaitė . Many surnames include prefixes that may or may not be separated by a space or punctuation from the main part of the surname. These are usually not considered true compound names, rather single surnames are made up of more than one word. These prefixes often give hints about the type or origin of the surname (patronymic, toponymic, notable lineage) and include words that mean from [a place or lineage], and son of/daughter of/child of. The common Celtic prefixes "Ó" or "Ua" (descendant of) and "Mac" or "Mag" (son of) can be spelled with
1638-521: Is foundlings names. Historically, children born to unwed parents or extremely poor parents would be abandoned in a public place or anonymously placed in a foundling wheel . Such abandoned children might be claimed and named by religious figures, the community leaders, or adoptive parents. Some such children were given surnames that reflected their condition, like (Italian) Esposito , Innocenti , Della Casagrande , Trovato , Abbandonata, or (Dutch) Vondeling, Verlaeten, Bijstand. Other children were named for
1729-1164: Is a novelist and screenwriter. The Face of Genius (1966) The Body Human: The Magic Sense (1979) The Body Human: The Body Beautiful (1982) The Body Human: The Journey Within (1984) The Body Human, CBS, Outstanding Documentary Achievement The Miracle Months (1977) The Magic Sense (1979) The Body Beautiful (1980) The Bionic Breakthrough (1981) The Loving Process (1983) The Living Code (1983) The Journey Within (1984) Lifeline NBC (1979) The Body Human: The Red River CBS (1978) The Face of Genius (1965) Group W Lifeline NBC 13 episodes (1978–79) The Body Human: CBS The Miracle Months (1977) The Vital Connection (1978) The Red River (1978) The Magic Sense (1979) The Body Beautiful (1980) The Facts for Boys (1980 The Facts for Girls (1980) The Sexes (1979) The Sexes II (1980) Becoming A Woman (1981) Becoming A Man (1981) The Bionic Breakthrough (1981) The Loving Process (1981) The Living Code (1983) The Journey Within (1984) To Catch A King (1984 HBO) Robert Wagner and Teri Garr, Directed by Clive Donner ("What's New Pussycat") Written by Roger O Hirson A Christmas Carol (1984 CBS) George C Scott, Directed by Clive Donner, adapted from
1820-546: Is also customary for the Baltic Finnic peoples and the Hungarians , but other Uralic peoples traditionally did not have surnames, perhaps because of the clan structure of their societies. The Samis , depending on the circumstances of their names, either saw no change or did see a transformation of their name. For example: Sire in some cases became Siri, and Hætta Jáhkoš Ásslat became Aslak Jacobsen Hætta – as
1911-545: Is also the name of one of Japan's prefectures ), Yamamoto (山本) means "the base of the mountain", and Inoue (井上) means "above the well". Arabic names sometimes contain surnames that denote the city of origin. For example, in cases of Saddam Hussein al Tikriti, meaning Saddam Hussein originated from Tikrit , a city in Iraq . This component of the name is called a nisbah . The meanings of some names are unknown or unclear. The most common European name in this category may be
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#17327804485732002-659: Is also the case in Cambodia and among the Hmong of Laos and Thailand . The Telugu people of south India also place surname before personal name. There are some parts of Europe, in particular Hungary , where the surname is placed before the personal name. Since family names are normally written last in European societies, the terms last name or surname are commonly used for the family name, while in Japan (with vertical writing)
2093-501: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Alfred R. Kelman Kelman's career commenced in 1962 during the early era of live television as a director for Westinghouse Broadcasting Company , WBZ-TV Boston. In 1966, he received an Academy Award nomination for his documentary The Face of a Genius , a film about the Nobel Prize-winning American playwright Eugene O'Neill . This nomination
2184-413: Is placed before personal / first name and in most cases it is only shown as an initial (for example 'S.' for Suryapeth). In English and other languages like Spanish—although the usual order of names is "first middle last"—for the purpose of cataloging in libraries and in citing the names of authors in scholarly papers, the order is changed to "last, first middle," with the last and first names separated by
2275-429: Is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several given names and surnames are possible in the full name. In modern times the "hereditary" requirement is a traditional, although common, interpretation, since in most countries a person has a right for a name change . Depending on culture,
2366-409: Is the son of Lawrence and Laura Kelman, Jewish immigrants from Poland. As a teenager in the late 1950s, Kelman was a child of the live television era. Hollywood , as a filmmaking center in the early 1950s, found its audience for movies tilting drastically in the direction of live television drama. Kelman was influenced by the thoughts of comedian Jackie Gleason in a Look magazine article describing
2457-490: The 1964 presidential election between Democratic candidate Texas Senator Lyndon Johnson and Republican Senator Barry Goldwater . In association with future Political Scientist Samuel Popkin , then a Ph.D. candidate at the MIT Center for International Studies and the U.S. computer company Control Data Corporation , described in the 1960s as building "...the fastest computers in the world by far," WBZ-TV election coverage
2548-680: The Arab world , the use of patronymics is well attested. The famous scholar Rhazes ( c. 865–925 AD ) is referred to as "al-Razi" (lit. the one from Ray) due to his origins from the city of Ray , Iran. In the Levant , surnames were in use as early as the High Middle Ages and it was common for people to derive their surname from a distant ancestor, and historically the surname would be often preceded with 'ibn' or 'son of'. Arab family names often denote either one's tribe , profession ,
2639-649: The Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Documentary three times and has earned seven Emmy Awards for his work on Lifeline and The Body Human . He is notable for his transition from documentary filmmaking to a 25-year career producing films and miniseries for television. A first-generation American born in the Bronx , New York , and raised in Boston , Massachusetts , he
2730-409: The surname Kelman . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelman&oldid=1240635799 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
2821-600: The -is suffix will have the -i suffix. Latvian, like Lithuanian, uses strictly feminized surnames for women, even in the case of foreign names. The function of the suffix is purely grammatical. Male surnames ending -e or -a need not be modified for women. Exceptions are: In Iceland, surnames have a gender-specific suffix (-dóttir = daughter, -son = son). This was also the case in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, until they were abolished by law in 1856, 1923, and 1966 respectively. Finnish used gender-specific suffixes up to 1929 when
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2912-532: The Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for his production at WBZ-TV Boston (1965), The Face of a Genius , The Life of Eugene O'Neill narrated by Jason Robards . Variety (1966) dubbed it "...a masterful job of welding script, film, stills, and music into a first-rate production." Upon his return to the United States, Kelman and News Director Edward Fouhy spearheaded Group W's coverage of
3003-533: The Eastern Roman Empire, however it was not until the 11th century that surnames came to be used in West Europe. Medieval Spain used a patronymic system. For example, Álvaro, a son of Rodrigo, would be named Álvaro Rodríguez. His son, Juan, would not be named Juan Rodríguez, but Juan Álvarez. Over time, many of these patronymics became family names, and they are some of the most common names in
3094-529: The Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion campus Nic Kelman (born 1971), writer of novels, short stories, non-fiction, screenplays, and essays Pat Kelman , British director, writer and actor Peggy Kelman , Australian pioneer aviator Ricky Kelman (born 1950), American actor Scott Kelman (born 1981), Canadian ice hockey player Stephen Kelman , English novelist, whose debut novel Pigeon English
3185-574: The Irish name Ryan , which means 'little king' in Irish. Also, Celtic origin of the name Arthur, meaning ' bear '. Other surnames may have arisen from more than one source: the name De Luca , for instance, likely arose either in or near Lucania or in the family of someone named Lucas or Lucius; in some instances, however, the name may have arisen from Lucca, with the spelling and pronunciation changing over time and with emigration. The same name may appear in different cultures by coincidence or romanization;
3276-519: The Marriage Act forced women to use the husband's form of the surname. In 1985, this clause was removed from the act. Until at least 1850, women's surnames were suffixed with an -in in Tyrol. Some Slavic cultures originally distinguished the surnames of married and unmarried women by different suffixes, but this distinction is no longer widely observed. Some Czech dialects (Southwest-Bohemian) use
3367-578: The Masters of the Renaissance were on exhibit at Lotos, a private New York City club founded in 1870 dedicated to the arts & literature, with Mark Twain among its earliest members. Recently published 2018 Of Time & The River - Portrait Of A New England Town - Washington Connecticut, a 160-page study in photos and verse delineated by the four seasons. Kelman was married in 1970 to Janice Marguerite Legg of London, England. Their son, Nic Kelman ,
3458-732: The Netherlands (1795–1811), Japan (1870s), Thailand (1920), and Turkey (1934). The structure of the Japanese name was formalized by the government as family name + given name in 1868. In Breslau Prussia enacted the Hoym Ordinance in 1790, mandating the adoption of Jewish surnames. Napoleon also insisted on Jews adopting fixed names in a decree issued in 1808. Names can sometimes be changed to protect individual privacy (such as in witness protection ), or in cases where groups of people are escaping persecution. After arriving in
3549-485: The Old English element tūn may have originally meant "enclosure" in one name, but can have meant "farmstead", "village", "manor", or "estate" in other names. Location names, or habitation names, may be as generic as "Monte" (Portuguese for "mountain"), "Górski" (Polish for "hill"), or "Pitt" (variant of "pit"), but may also refer to specific locations. "Washington", for instance, is thought to mean "the homestead of
3640-593: The Richard Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics, Emeritus at Harvard University James Kelman (born 1946), influential writer of novels, short stories, plays and political essays John Kelman (born 1968), Barbadian boxer Mark Kelman (born 1951), jurist and vice dean of Stanford Law School Moshe Kelman , the operational commander of the Palmach's Third Battalion in 1948 Naamah Kelman (born 1955), American-born Rabbi, Dean of
3731-701: The Rosenkrantz ("rose wreath") family took their surname from a wreath of roses comprising the torse of their arms, and the Gyldenstierne ("golden star") family took theirs from a 7-pointed gold star on their shield. Subsequently, many middle-class Scandinavian families desired names similar to those of the nobles and adopted "ornamental" surnames as well. Most other naming traditions refer to them as "acquired". They might be given to people newly immigrated, conquered, or converted, as well as those with unknown parentage, formerly enslaved, or from parentage without
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3822-557: The Spanish-speaking world today. Other sources of surnames are personal appearance or habit, e.g. Delgado ("thin") and Moreno ("dark"); geographic location or ethnicity, e.g. Alemán ("German"); and occupations, e.g. Molinero ("miller"), Zapatero ("shoe-maker") and Guerrero ("warrior"), although occupational names are much more often found in a shortened form referring to the trade itself, e.g. Molina ("mill"), Guerra ("war"), or Zapata (archaic form of zapato , "shoe"). In England
3913-579: The United States, European Jews who fled Nazi persecution sometimes anglicized their surnames to avoid discrimination. Governments can also forcibly change people's names, as when the National Socialist government of Germany assigned German names to European people in the territories they conquered. In the 1980s, the People's Republic of Bulgaria forcibly changed the first and last names of its Turkish citizens to Bulgarian names. These are
4004-705: The Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, family names were uncommon in the Eastern Roman Empire . In Western Europe, where Germanic culture dominated the aristocracy, family names were almost non-existent. They would not significantly reappear again in Eastern Roman society until the 10th century, apparently influenced by the familial affiliations of the Armenian military aristocracy. The practice of using family names spread through
4095-467: The beginning of prime time reality television for NBC, Lifeline, 13 hours of real-life medical drama. In 1982 Fuisz & Kelman partnered with NBC Exec William F Storke, forming Entertainment Partners, and 7 years on in association with Bernard Sofronski CBS Exec in charge of special drama; amounting to a 20-year stretch for Kelman of movies and mini-series for television (see Filmography). Years later, in 1992/93, Kelman, as an independent producer, became
4186-570: The burgeoning knowledge industry in 1968 Kelman was a principal in a publicly held corporation (Medcom, Inc.) founded by Robert E Fuisz, M.D., specializing in medical education and allied health personnel training. Kelman's motivational documentaries designed to close the knowledge gap between the practicing physician and the patient remain in circulation: The Hyperactive Child, The Case For Population Control, Ashes to Ashes, Drug of Choice, 3 Times A Day, Aldosterone: Story Of A Hormone, The Transplanters & Christian, Barnard, Schizophrenia. Kelman remained
4277-513: The cities and the need for new arrivals to choose a defining surname. In Portuguese-speaking countries , it is uncommon, but not unprecedented, to find surnames derived from names of countries, such as Portugal, França, Brasil, Holanda. Surnames derived from country names are also found in English, such as "England", "Wales", "Spain". Some Japanese surnames derive from geographical features; for example, Ishikawa (石川) means "stone river" (and
4368-402: The early days of live black-and-white television, under the guidance of the professionals operating the pioneer educational station WGBH. Kalman's master's thesis, The Role of Television in the 1958 Massachusetts Gubernatorial Campaign , was described by George D. Blackwood, PhD (Boston University Professor of Political Science and Chairman, Citizenship Project), as an innovative contribution to
4459-406: The excitement of live television not only as an entertainer, but also the necessity for television directors to emulate the instinctive skills akin to the performance of an athlete. Kelman, though he played high school and college baseball, knew he did not have the makings of a major leaguer, and thus became drawn to a career in live television. Attending Boston University (1954–1958), he served as
4550-461: The family name may be referred to as "upper name" ( ue-no-namae ( 上の名前 ) ). When people from areas using Eastern naming order write their personal name in the Latin alphabet , it is common to reverse the order of the given and family names for the convenience of Westerners, so that they know which name is the family name for official/formal purposes. Reversing the order of names for the same reason
4641-591: The family of Wassa", while "Lucci" means "resident of Lucca ". Although some surnames, such as "London", "Lisboa", or "Białystok" are derived from large cities, more people reflect the names of smaller communities, as in Ó Creachmhaoil , derived from a village in County Galway . This is thought to be due to the tendency in Europe during the Middle Ages for migration to chiefly be from smaller communities to
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#17327804485734732-447: The feasibility of statewide televised instruction. Returning to Boston (1962), Kelman was hired by WBZ-TV Boston as a live television producer-director. As a director of early television, he cut his teeth on Boomtown , a children's show starring authentic cowboy personality Rex Trailer and his sidekick Pancho, played by Richard Kilbride, a multi-talented Boston actor. Boomtown was a two-hour stint every Saturday morning, inclusive of
4823-463: The federal government. And then came the fall during the summer of 1967, NYC. Welcome to the fading world of Scopitone films, a forerunner of music videos. The Scopitone machine, developed in France, all the rage during the early discothèque club era, was basically a 16mm magnetic striped film jukebox projecting images on a big screen adjacent to a dance floor and bar. Kelman directed over 30 titles, one
4914-634: The female form Nováková, the family name is Novákovi in Czech and Novákovci in Slovak. When the male form is Hrubý and the female form is Hrubá, the plural family name is Hrubí (or "rodina Hrubých"). In Greece, if a man called Papadopoulos has a daughter or wife, she will likely be named Papadopoulou, the genitive form, as if the daughter/wife is "of" a man named Papadopoulos. Likewise, the surnames of daughters and wives of males with surnames ending in -as will end in -a, and those of daughters and wives of males with
5005-411: The first person to acquire the name, and stem from the middle class's desire for their own hereditary names like the nobles. They were generally acquired later in history and generally when those without surnames needed them. In 1526, King Frederik I of Denmark-Norway ordered that noble families must take up fixed surnames, and many of them took as their name some element of their coat of arms; for example,
5096-404: The first prime time non-fiction dramatic information series under the aegis of CBS Entertainment, The Body Human. conceived by Thomas W. Moore, Co-Creators Robert E Fuisz, M.D. & Alfred R Kelman, Produced & Directed hand-held R Kelman, and written by Robert E Fuisz, M.D. Concurrently in 1979, out of experiences from shooting the annual seven-year non-fiction CBS Special The Body Human, grew
5187-589: The form "Novákojc" as informal for both genders. In the culture of the Sorbs (a.k.a. Wends or Lusatians), Sorbian used different female forms for unmarried daughters (Jordanojc, Nowcyc, Kubašec, Markulic), and for wives (Nowakowa, Budarka, Nowcyna, Markulina). In Polish, typical surnames for unmarried women ended -ówna, -anka, or -ianka, while the surnames of married women used the possessive suffixes -ina or -owa. In Serbia, unmarried women's surnames ended in -eva, while married women's surnames ended in -ka. In Lithuania, if
5278-462: The gender of the bearer. In Slavic languages, substantivized adjective surnames have commonly symmetrical adjective variants for males and females (Podwiński/Podwińska in Polish, Nový/Nová in Czech or Slovak, etc.). In the case of nominative and quasi-nominative surnames, the female variant is derived from the male variant by a possessive suffix (Novák/Nováková, Hromada/Hromadová). In Czech and Slovak,
5369-456: The group. Female praenomina were less common, as women had reduced public influence, and were commonly known by the feminine form of the nomen alone. Later with the gradual influence of Greek and Christian culture throughout the Empire, Christian religious names were sometimes put in front of traditional cognomina , but eventually people reverted to single names. By the time of the fall of
5460-488: The husband is named Vilkas, his wife will be named Vilkienė and his unmarried daughter will be named Vilkaitė. Male surnames have suffixes -as, -is, -ius, or -us, unmarried girl surnames aitė, -ytė, -iūtė or -utė, wife surnames -ienė. These suffixes are also used for foreign names, exclusively for grammar; Welby, the surname of the present Archbishop of Canterbury for example, becomes Velbis in Lithuanian, while his wife
5551-542: The inhabited location associated with the person given that name. Such locations can be any type of settlement, such as homesteads, farms, enclosures, villages, hamlets, strongholds, or cottages. One element of a habitation name may describe the type of settlement. Examples of Old English elements are frequently found in the second element of habitational names. The habitative elements in such names can differ in meaning, according to different periods, different locations, or with being used with certain other elements. For example,
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#17327804485735642-593: The introduction of family names is generally attributed to the preparation of the Domesday Book in 1086, following the Norman Conquest . Evidence indicates that surnames were first adopted among the feudal nobility and gentry, and slowly spread to other parts of society. Some of the early Norman nobility who arrived in England during the Norman conquest differentiated themselves by affixing 'de' (of) before
5733-423: The last few years (2003–09), Kelman was preoccupied swith erving in the public sector. A resident of Sagaponack, New York, a 350-year-old hamlet within the municipal jurisdiction of Southampton, New York, at the eastern end of Long Island, found itself under intense pressure from neighboring homeowners to split off a 3-mile stretch of oceanfront to form a privately incorporated village. Kelman, a principal organizer of
5824-441: The mandate to have a surname. During the modern era many cultures around the world adopted family names, particularly for administrative reasons, especially during the age of European expansion and particularly since 1600. The Napoleonic Code, adopted in various parts of Europe, stipulated that people should be known by both their given name(s) and a family name that would not change across generations. Other notable examples include
5915-585: The name of their village in France. This is what is known as a territorial surname, a consequence of feudal landownership. By the 14th century, most English and most Scottish people used surnames and in Wales following unification under Henry VIII in 1536. A four-year study led by the University of the West of England , which concluded in 2016, analysed sources dating from the 11th to the 19th century to explain
6006-465: The naming system to facilitate census-taking, and the use of census information. Originally, Chinese surnames were derived matrilineally, although by the time of the Shang dynasty (1600 to 1046 BC) they had become patrilineal. Chinese women do not change their names upon marriage. In China, surnames have been the norm since at least the 2nd century BC. In the early Islamic period (640–900 AD) and
6097-412: The occupation of smith . There are also more complicated names based on occupational titles. In England it was common for servants to take a modified version of their employer's occupation or first name as their last name, adding the letter s to the word, although this formation could also be a patronymic . For instance, the surname Vickers is thought to have arisen as an occupational name adopted by
6188-658: The oldest and most common type of surname. They may be a first name such as "Wilhelm", a patronymic such as " Andersen ", a matronymic such as " Beaton ", or a clan name such as " O'Brien ". Multiple surnames may be derived from a single given name: e.g. there are thought to be over 90 Italian surnames based on the given name " Giovanni ". This is the broadest class of surnames, originating from nicknames, encompassing many types of origin. These include names based on appearance such as "Schwartzkopf", "Short", and possibly "Caesar", and names based on temperament and personality such as "Daft", "Gutman", and "Maiden", which, according to
6279-412: The origin describes the original bearer such as Brown, Short , or Thin – though Short may in fact be an ironic 'nickname' surname for a tall person." In the modern era, governments have enacted laws to require people to adopt surnames. This served the purpose of uniquely identifying subjects for taxation purposes or for inheritance. In the late Middle Ages in Europe, there were several revolts against
6370-1209: The original Charles Dickens story by Broadway Playwright Roger O Hirson ("Pippin") The Last Days of Patton (1986 CBS) with George C. Scott, Directed by Delbert Mann (Academy Award "Marty") The Ted Kennedy, Jr. Story (1986 NBC) with Craig T. Nelson and Susan Blakely, Directed by Delbert Mann A Special Friendship (1987 CBS) with Tracy Pollan and Akosua Busia, Directed by Fielder Cook ("A Big Hand For The Little Lady"1987) Napoleon & Josephine: A Love Story (1987 ABC) six-hour mini series with Armand Assante and Jacqueline Bisset, Directed by Richard Heffron The Plot To Kill Hitler (1990 CBS) with Brad Davis Madolyn Smith Ian Richardson, Directed by Lawrence Schiller ("Peter The Great") Director of Photography Freddy Francis (2 time Academy Award winner) Onassis: The Richest Man In The World (ABC) with Anthony Quinn, Raul Julia, Jane Seymour, Directed by Waris Hussein, Director of Photography Denis Lewiston Labor of Love: The Arlette Schweitzer Story (1993 CBS) with Ann Jillian, Directed by Jerry London ("Shogun" "Chiefs") Amy Fisher: My Story (1993 NBC) with Noelle Parker Ed Marinaro, Directed by Bradford May Surname A surname , family name , or last name
6461-663: The origins of the surnames in the British Isles . The study found that over 90% of the 45,602 surnames in the dictionary are native to Britain and Ireland, with the most common in the UK being Smith , Jones , Williams , Brown , Taylor , Davies , and Wilson . The findings have been published in the Oxford English Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland , with project leader Richard Coates calling
6552-700: The participation in the studio from dozens of children and guests in attendance of each telecast. Immediately following the announcement of the assassination of President Kennedy , Kelman spearheaded the national remote coverage of all events emanating from the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts . After the Selma to Montgomery, Alabama riots (1965) Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (a graduate of Boston University School of Theology ) chose Boston for his next rallying cry for racial freedom. In
6643-497: The place of origin. Over the course of the Roman Republic and the later Empire, naming conventions went through multiple changes. ( See Roman naming conventions . ) The nomen , the name of the gens (tribe) inherited patrilineally, is thought to have already been in use by 650 BC. The nomen was to identify group kinship, while the praenomen (forename; plural praenomina ) was used to distinguish individuals within
6734-425: The production manager of the college radio station WBUR , a breeding ground for future broadcasters and professional teaching staff in the tradition of famed radio documentary writer and dramatist Norman Corwin . Kelman graduated cum laude and was awarded a graduate scholarship to study communications research for a master's degree . During this time Kelman also began plying his trade at all levels of production in
6825-563: The pure possessive would be Novákova, Hromadova, but the surname evolved to a more adjectivized form Nováková, Hromadová, to suppress the historical possessivity. Some rare types of surnames are universal and gender-neutral: examples in Czech are Janů, Martinů, Fojtů, Kovářů. These are the archaic form of the possessive, related to the plural name of the family. Such rare surnames are also often used for transgender persons during transition because most common surnames are gender-specific. The informal dialectal female form in Polish and Czech dialects
6916-699: The servant of a vicar, while Roberts could have been adopted by either the son or the servant of a man named Robert. A subset of occupational names in English are names thought to be derived from the medieval mystery plays . The participants would often play the same roles for life, passing the part down to their oldest sons. Names derived from this may include King , Lord and Virgin . A Dictionary of English Surnames says that "surnames of office, such as Abbot , Bishop , Cardinal and King, are often nicknames". The original meaning of names based on medieval occupations may no longer be obvious in modern English. Location (toponymic, habitation) names derive from
7007-623: The spectrum of Group W stations. At that time, Group W, as the U.S. participant in the pioneering documentary series Intertel , selected Kelman to represent the broadcast conglomerate with its partners on an international exchange program between the Canadian Broadcasting Company , Channel 7 Australia and Rediffusion London . There, he was assigned to its historic weekly documentary series, This Week . While in London, Kelman received word that he had been nominated for
7098-547: The street/place they were found (Union, Liquorpond (street), di Palermo, Baan, Bijdam, van den Eyngel (shop name), van der Stoep , von Trapp), the date they were found ( Monday , Septembre, Spring, di Gennaio), or festival/feast day they found or christened (Easter, SanJosé). Some foundlings were given the name of whoever found them. Occupational names include Smith , Miller , Farmer , Thatcher , Shepherd , Potter , and so on, and analogous names in many other languages, see, e.g., various surnames associated with
7189-432: The study "more detailed and accurate" than those before. He elaborated on the origins: "Some surnames have origins that are occupational – obvious examples are Smith and Baker. Other names can be linked to a place , for example, Hill or Green, which relates to a village green . Surnames that are 'patronymic' are those which originally enshrined the father's name – such as Jackson , or Jenkinson . There are also names where
7280-686: The successful opposition, was ultimately elected a Trustee under the laws of the State of New York (2005) and dubbed a founding father of the Incorporated Village of Sagaponack, the historic boundaries of the hamlet remaining intact. Currently, he is at work on a screenplay trilogy based upon autobiographical experiences, "Hayfever, " "At Water's Edge, " and "Swan's Way." Most recently, in March 2013, Kelman's early production "The Face of Genius" Academy Award Nominee Best Documentary Feature in 1965,
7371-676: The surname Lee is used in English culture, but is also a romanization of the Chinese surname Li . In the Russian Empire , illegitimate children were sometimes given artificial surnames rather than the surnames of their adoptive parents. In many cultures (particularly in European and European-influenced cultures in the Americas, Oceania, etc., as well as West Asia/North Africa, South Asia, and most Sub-Saharan African cultures),
7462-605: The surname may be placed at either the start of a person's name, or at the end. The number of surnames given to an individual also varies: in most cases it is just one, but in Portuguese-speaking countries and many Spanish-speaking countries, two surnames (one inherited from the mother and another from the father) are used for legal purposes. Depending on culture, not all members of a family unit are required to have identical surnames. In some countries, surnames are modified depending on gender and family membership status of
7553-611: The surname or family name ("last name") is placed after the personal, forename (in Europe) or given name ("first name"). In other cultures the surname is placed first, followed by the given name or names. The latter is often called the Eastern naming order because Europeans are most familiar with the examples from the East Asian cultural sphere , specifically, Greater China , Korea (both North and South) , Japan , and Vietnam . This
7644-545: The understanding of the power of this new media to influence public opinion. Kelman continued his study of popular culture and mass communications (1960–1962), holding appointments as a senior research fellow at the MIT Center for International Studies and as an assistant professor at Oregon State University . Kelman served as research director under Title VII of the National Defense Education Act for The Study of New Media authenticating or repudiating
7735-629: The use of hereditary surnames. The study of proper names (in family names, personal names, or places) is called onomastics . While the use of given names to identify individuals is attested in the oldest historical records, the advent of surnames is relatively recent. Many cultures have used and continue to use additional descriptive terms in identifying individuals. These terms may indicate personal attributes, location of origin, occupation, parentage, patronage, adoption, or clan affiliation. In China, according to legend, family names started with Emperor Fu Xi in 2000 BC. His administration standardised
7826-1597: Was a shortlisted nominee for the 2011 Man Booker Prize Thomas Kelman Fleming , CVO OBE FRSAMD (1927–2010), Scottish actor, director, poet, television and radio commentator for the BBC Todd Kelman (born 1975), retired Canadian ice hockey defenceman Wolfe Kelman (1923–1990), Austrian-born American Rabbi and leader in the Conservative Judaism in the United States See also [ edit ] Kelman Ltd. , Northern Ireland based company that produces advanced monitoring and diagnostics technologies for large electrical transformers All pages with titles containing Kelman References [ edit ] ^ Black, George Fraser (1943). The Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning, and History . New York Public Library. p. 398 . Retrieved 2018-12-19 . ^ Kaganoff, Benzion C. (1996). A Dictionary of Jewish Names and Their History . Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson . p. 164. ISBN 978-1-56821-953-0 . OCLC 34409787 . Retrieved 2018-12-19 . ^ Jarvis, Judith K.; Levin, Susan L.; Yates, Donald N. (2018). Book of Jewish and Crypto-Jewish Surnames . DNA Consultants Series on Consumer Genetics. Longmont, Colorado: Panther's Lodge. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-985856-56-1 . Retrieved 2018-12-19 . [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
7917-404: Was also -ka (Pawlaczka, Kubeška). With the exception of the -ski/-ska suffix, most feminine forms of surnames are seldom observed in Polish. Generally, inflected languages use names and surnames as living words, not as static identifiers. Thus, the pair or the family can be named by a plural form which can differ from the singular male and female form. For instance, when the male form is Novák and
8008-642: Was historically significant as it was the first time a film originally produced for television was recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in the Best Documentary Feature category. Kelman is a graduate scholar in mass communications (1959) and studied public opinion at Boston University under the auspices of WGBH , also serving as a senior research fellow at the MIT Center for International Studies . In 1968, he became
8099-543: Was honored with a special 35mm screening by the UCLA Festival of Preservation before a live audience at The Billy Wilder Theater Los Angeles including a Q & A session conducted by noted film historian and critic Paul Malcolm. It is now in release as a digitized special edition for students of University Schools of Drama worldwide as well as available for screening at the national Eugene O'Neill Theater Center. In February 2016, Kelman's pencil drawings were on display,
8190-626: Was recognized by the industry as a pioneer broadcaster in the earliest use of percentile returns to project winning candidates for public office. Group W then assigned Kelman to work in association with The Brookings Institution and the Operation Government Committee of the US Congress, producing and directing The Government Story, a 40-episode, three-year long project which offered television viewers nationwide an unprecedented behind-the-scenes look at all three branches of
8281-547: Was the norm . Recently, integration into the EU and increased communications with foreigners prompted many Samis to reverse the order of their full name to given name followed by surname, to avoid their given name being mistaken for and used as a surname. Indian surnames may often denote village, profession, and/or caste and are invariably mentioned along with the personal/first names. However, hereditary last names are not universal. In Telugu -speaking families in south India, surname
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