27-618: English writers Bengali writers Punjabi writers Hindi writers Kashmiri writers Marathi writers Khwaja Ahmad Abbas (7 June 1914 – 1 June 1987) was an Indian film director , screenwriter, novelist, and journalist in Urdu , Hindi and English. He won four National Film Awards in India. Internationally, his films won the Palme d'Or ( Golden Palm Grand Prize) at Cannes Film Festival (out of three Palme d'Or nominations) and
54-579: A close companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , and among the famed personalities that it produced we find: the 12th century Sufi saint Abdullah Ansari of Herat in Afghanistan ; his maternal great-grandfather Altaf Hussain Hali , a student of Mirza Ghalib and himself an Urdu poet of repute; his paternal grandfather Khwaja Ghulam Abbas, one of the chief rebels of the 1857 Rebellion movement, and
81-472: A documentary film called Char Shaher Ek Kahani (A Tale of Four Cities). The film depicted the contrast between the luxurious life of the rich in the four cities of Calcutta , Bombay , Madras and Delhi and that of the squalor and poverty of the poor. He approached the Central Board of Film Certification to obtain a 'U' (Unrestricted Public Exhibition) certificate . Abbas was, however, informed by
108-573: A film based on the Bengal famine of 1943 , Dharti Ke Lal ( Children of the Earth ), for the Indian People's Theatre Association ( IPTA ). In 1951, he founded his own production company called Naya Sansar, which consistently produced films that were socially relevant including, Anhonee , Munna , Rahi (1953), based on a Mulk Raj Anand story, was on the plight of workers on tea plantations,
135-732: A network of 22 nationwide research institutes and units. To fight biopiracy and unethical patents, the Government of India set up the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library in 2001 as repository of formulations used in Indian traditional medicine, including 98,700 Unani formulations. In 1990, the total number of hakims or tabibs (practitioners of Unani medicine) in Pakistan was 51,883. The government of Pakistan 's National Council for Tibb (NCT)
162-401: A political correspondent and later, became a film critic for the newspaper. He entered films as a part-time publicist for Bombay Talkies in 1936, a production house owned by Himanshu Rai and Devika Rani , to whom he sold his first screenplay Naya Sansar (1941). While at The Bombay Chronicle (1935–1947), he started a weekly column called 'Last Page', which he continued when he joined
189-666: A statutory body established in 1971 under the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH), monitors higher education in areas of Indian medicine including Ayurveda, Unani, and other traditional medical systems. Another subdivision of AYUSH, the Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), aids and co-ordinates scientific research in the Unani system of medicine through
216-603: Is Satyajit Ray . The following is a list of film directors who have directed films from more than one regional film industry in India. This does not include directors who work in a single industry whose films have been dubbed into other languages. Mari Selvaraj Unani medicine Unani or Yunani medicine ( Urdu : طب یونانی tibb yūnānī ) is Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia . Unani medicine
243-511: Is pseudoscientific . The Indian Medical Association describes Unani practitioners who claim to practice medicine as quacks . The term Yūnānī means 'Greek', referring to the fact that the Perso-Arabic system of medicine was based on the teachings of the Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen . The Hellenistic origin of Unani medicine is still visible in its being based on
270-487: Is otherwise known as " Art films " cinema, and is known for its serious and realistic films with real-life situations. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Indian government financed a number of such films, on Indian themes. Many of the directors were graduates of the Film and Television Institute of India , Pune. Ritwik Ghatak was a professor at the institute and a well-known director in his own right. The best-known Indian "neo-realist"
297-537: Is responsible for developing the curriculum of Unani courses and registering practitioners of the medicine. Various private foundations devote themselves to the research and production of Unani medicines, including the Hamdard Foundation , which also runs an Unani research institution. The Qarshi Foundation runs a similar institution, Qarshi University . The programs are accredited by Higher Education Commission , Pakistan Medical and Dental Council , and
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#1732800795540324-473: The Crystal Globe at Karlovy Vary International Film Festival . As a director and screenwriter, he is considered one of the pioneers of Indian parallel or neo-realistic cinema . As a director, he made Hindustani films. Dharti Ke Lal (1946), about the Bengal famine of 1943 , which was one of Indian cinema 's first social-realist films , and opened up the overseas market for Indian films in
351-797: The National Film Award winner, Shehar Aur Sapna (1964) and Saat Hindustani (1969), which won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration and is also remembered as Bollywood icon Amitabh Bachchan 's debut film. He wrote the story and screenplay for the controversial themed film in 1974 Call Girl directed by Vijay Kapoor, starring Vikram and Zahera. He went on to write scripts for Jagte Raho and prominent Raj Kapoor films including Awaara , Shri 420 , Mera Naam Joker , Bobby and Henna . Abbas wrote 74 books in English, Hindi and Urdu and
378-483: The Palme d'Or at the first Cannes Film Festival , Naya Sansar (1941), Jagte Raho (1956), and Saat Hindustani (which he also directed). He is also known for writing Raj Kapoor's films, including the Palme d'Or -nominated Awaara (1951), as well as Shree 420 (1955), Mera Naam Joker (1970), Bobby (1973) and Henna (1991). His column 'Last Page' was one of the longest-running newspaper columns in
405-587: The Soviet Union . Pardesi (1957) was nominated for the Palme d'Or . Shehar Aur Sapna (1963) won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film , while Saat Hindustani (1969) and Do Boond Pani (1972) both won the National Film Awards for Best Feature Film on National Integration . As a screenwriter, he wrote a number of neo-realistic films, such as Dharti Ke Lal (which he also directed), Neecha Nagar (1946) which won
432-708: The Supreme Court of India by filing a writ petition under Article 19(1) of the Indian Constitution . He claimed that his fundamental right of free speech and expression was denied by the Central Government 's refusal to grant the film a 'U' certificate. Abbas also challenged the constitutional validity of pre-censorship on films. However the Supreme Court of India upheld the constitutional validity of pre-censorship on films. Haryana State Robe of Honour for literary achievements in 1969,
459-490: The 60s, followed by another more serious heart attack, a paralytic stroke as well a on set accident injuring his legs, but he kept working till his death at the age of 72 on the 1st of June 1987. After leaving university,K.A Abbas began his career as a journalist at the National Call , a New Delhi-based newspaper. Later while studying law in 1934, started Aligarh Opinion . He joined The Bombay Chronicle in 1935 as
486-887: The Blitz magazine. "The Last Page", ('Azad Kalam' in the Urdu edition) became the longest-running political column in India's history (1935–87). A collection of these columns was later published as two books. He continued to write for The Blitz and Mirror until his last days. Abbas interviewed several renowned personalities in literary and non-literary fields, including the Russian Prime Minister Khrushchov, American President Roosevelt, Charlie Chaplin, Mao-Tse-Tung and Yuri Gagarin. Meanwhile, he had started writing scripts for other directors, Neecha Nagar for Chetan Anand and Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani for V. Shantaram. In 1945, he made his directorial debut with
513-1841: The Ghalib Award for his contribution to Urdu prose literature in 1983 Vorosky Literary Award of the Soviet Union in 1984, Urdu Akademi Delhi Special Award 1984, Maharashtra State Urdu Akademi Award in 1985 and the Soviet Award for his contribution to the cause of Indo-Soviet Friendship in 1985. He wrote 74 books in English, Urdu and Hindi, including: For detailed listing : V. K. Cherian (31 October 2016). India's Film Society Movement: The Journey and its Impact. SAGE Publications. p 61–. ISBN 978-93-85985-62-1. Indian film directors India has many regional film centres , such as Bollywood (Hindi) in Mumbai , Telugu cinema (Tollywood) in Hyderabad , Marathi cinema in Pune , Tamil cinema in Chennai , Malayalam cinema in Kochi , Kannada cinema in Bangalore , Odia Cinema in Bhubaneswar , Assamese cinema in Guwahati , Punjabi cinema in Mohali and Bengali cinema in Kolkata . Most Indian film directors are known for their work with one regional industry, while many others are active directors of films from multiple industries. Parallel Cinema
540-415: The classical four humours : phlegm ( balgham ), blood ( dam ), yellow bile ( ṣafrā ) and black bile ( saudā' ), but it has also been influenced by Indian and Chinese traditional systems. Arab and Persian elaborations upon the Greek system of medicine by figures like Ibn Sina and al-Razi influenced the early development of Unani. Unani medicine interacted with Indian Buddhist medicine at
567-645: The development of Unani in India, and also the creation of Unani literature. There are several Indian universities devoted to Unani medicine, in addition to universities that teach traditional Indian medical practices in general. Undergraduate degrees awarded for completing an Unani program include the Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery, Bachelor of Unani Tib and Surgery, and Bachelor of Unani Medicine with Modern Medicine and Surgery degrees. A small number of universities offer post-graduate degrees in Unani medicine. The Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM),
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#1732800795540594-493: The first martyr of Panipat to be blown from the mouth of a cannon; his father Ghulam-us-Sibtain, among the first graduates from Aligarh Muslim University , who was a tutor of a prince and a businessman who modernised the preparation of Unani medicines ; Abbas's mother, Masroora Khatoon, was the daughter of Khwaja Sajjad Husain, an educator keen on female education, having established the first school for girls in Panipat. Abbas
621-742: The history of Indian journalism. It began in 1935, in The Bombay Chronicle , and moved to the Blitz after the Chronicle' s closure, where it continued until his death in 1987. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 1969. In total, his works include 74 books, 90 short stories, 3000 journalistic articles and 40 films. Abbas belonged to the Ansari family of Panipat , tracing its roots back to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari ,
648-525: The regional office of the Board that the film was not eligible to be granted a 'U' certificate, but was suitable for exhibition only for adults. His appeal to the revising committee of the Central Board of Film Certification led to the decision of the censors being upheld. Khwaja Ahmad Abbas further appealed to the Central Government but the government decided to grant the film a 'U' certificate provided certain scenes were cut. Following this, Abbas approached
675-759: The time of Alexander's invasion of India . There was a great exchange of knowledge at that time which is visible from the similarity of the basic conceptual frames of the two systems. The medical tradition of medieval Islam was introduced to India by the 12th century with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and it took its own course of development during the Mughal Empire , influenced by Indian medical teachings of Sushruta and Charaka . Alauddin Khalji (d. 1316) had several eminent physicians (Hakims) at his royal courts. This royal patronage led to
702-574: Was born in Panipat , undivided Punjab . He attended Hali Muslim High School, which was established by his maternal grandfather, Hali. He was instructed to read the Arabic text of the Quran and matriculated at the age of fifteen. He gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature in 1933 and a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1935 from Aligarh Muslim University . Abbas suffered from a heart attack in
729-501: Was considered the leading light of the Urdu short story. His best known fictional work remains 'Inquilab', which made him a household name in Indian literature. Like Inquilab, many of his works were translated into many Indian and foreign languages, like Russian, German, Italian, French and Arabic. His autobiography, I Am not an Island: An Experiment in Autobiography , was published in 1977 and again in 2010. In 1968, Abbas made
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