The Khaibar-1 ( Arabic : خيبر-1 ), also known as the Khyber-1 , M-302 , B-302 and the R160 is a Syrian -made 302 mm unguided artillery rocket . It is best known for being used by Hezbollah against targets in northern Israel during the 2006 Lebanon War , and has also been used in the Syrian Civil War . It is a derivative of the Chinese WS-1 rocket.
30-541: The Khaibar-1 is significant because the rocket has a 100 km range, longer than the BM-21 Grad rockets that make up most of the Hezbollah rocket force . It uses a unique Syrian-designed launcher and possibly a cluster munition or fragmentation warhead. The rocket is easily recognizable by its fixed tail fins. In its M-302 incarnation, it is capable of 150km range. The rocket is often misidentified as Iranian or as
60-428: A K-1 collimator can be used for sighting. Each 2.87-meter (9 ft 5 in) rocket is slowly spun by rifling in its tube as it exits, which along with its primary fin stabilization keeps it on course. Rockets armed with high explosive-fragmentation, incendiary, or chemical warheads can be fired 20 kilometers (12 mi). Newer high explosive and cargo rockets (used to deliver anti-personnel or antitank mines) have
90-422: A body diameter of 0.302 meters, and a launch weight of approximately 750 kilograms. The launch apparatus consists of a two-tiered structure, with each layer comprising three firing tubes. The Khaibar-1, while being unguided, boasts greater accuracy compared to the majority of locally produced rockets utilized by Hezbollah and Hamas. It also benefits from enhanced storage options due to its increased durability. Unlike
120-434: A further suffix ⟨letter⟩ ⟨number⟩ . They may be followed by a specially assigned codename. For example " 2 S 19 Msta-S ", the 2S19 Msta self-propelled howitzer, has the index 2S19 , without suffix; Msta-S is the codename. Several common misconceptions surround the scope and originating body of these indices. The GRAU designation is not an industrial designation, nor
150-658: A large number of shells impacting over an area for a certain hit rate on specific targets. Because of the short warning time for the impact of the whole volley, the BM-21 is still considered an effective weapon. The Grad saw its first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-Soviet border conflict . Their use, in conjunction with the M-46 , during Operation Savannah halted the advance of South African troops in 1975. The Valkiri
180-610: A magnesium alloy known to the Russian GOST as ML-5 , filled with a thermite mixture. Each element has a nominal length of 40 mm and a width of 25 mm and a burning time of at least 2 minutes. The effect of these incendiary, as well as conventional lighting munitions (especially at night), outwardly resembles the use of phosphorus munitions. Also Incendiary, Chemical, Illumination, Antipersonnel mines. GRAU index The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of
210-480: A range of 30 kilometers (19 mi) and more. Warheads weigh around 20 kilograms (44 lb), depending on the type. The number of rockets that each vehicle is able to quickly bring to bear on an enemy target makes it effective, especially at shorter ranges. One battalion of eighteen launchers is able to deliver 720 rockets in a single volley. The system has lower precision than gun artillery and cannot be used in situations that call for pinpoint accuracy. It relies on
240-508: A six tube launcher to be mounted on light trucks. Since 2006 Hamas has fired 122 mm Grad rockets, copies made in Iran, and Eastern-bloc versions modified to expand their range, into Israel. The rockets were believed to be brought into the Gaza Strip via tunnels from Egypt. Some of the rockets were of a Chinese Grad variant. Hamas sources said they were pleased by the performance of
270-543: A superior range of 45 km (28 mi). Rather than a standard HE-Frag round, the Egyptian military prefers a 23-kilogram (51 lb) cluster munition, which can be extremely effective against lightly armored equipment and troop concentrations. Both rockets, as well as the original Soviet models of course, are fired by locally manufactured rocket launchers like the RL-21 (copy of BM-11) and RC-21 (copy of BM-21, similar to
300-556: A variant of Iranian Fajr-3 or Fajr-5 rockets. Hamas claims to be able to manufacture its own version of the M-302, named the R-160 , named after one of its former leaders Abdel Aziz Al Rantisi . The Khaibar-1 is a rocket with a range capability of 100 kilometers when carrying a payload weighing 150 kilograms. This projectile is generally armed with large warheads designed for anti-personnel effects. It measures 6.3 meters in length, has
330-677: Is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defense . It is subordinate to the Chief of Armament and Munition of the Russian Armed Forces , a vice-minister of defense. The organization dates back to 1862 when it was established under the name Главное артиллерийское управление (ГАУ – GAU ). The "R" from "rockets" was added to the title from 19 November 1960. The GRAU is responsible for assigning GRAU indices to Russian army munitions and equipment . As of December 2021,
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#1732802184033360-483: Is it assigned by the design bureau. In addition to its GRAU designation, a given piece of equipment could have a design name, an industrial name and a service designation. For example, one of the surface-to-air missiles in the S-25 Berkut air defense system had at least four domestic designations: Some Soviet general-purpose bombs bore a designation that looked confusingly similar to GRAU. The first part of
390-518: The Sino-Soviet border conflict . BM stands for boyevaya mashina ( Russian : боевая машина – combat vehicle ), and the nickname grad means " hail ". The complete system with the BM-21 launch vehicle and the M-21OF rocket is designated as the M-21 field-rocket system and is more commonly known as a Grad multiple rocket launcher system. In NATO countries the system, either the complete system or
420-718: The 40-inch long, domestically produced Grad MLRS-compatible "Borak" warhead designed to disperse sarin gas. Produced a limited number of FIROS 25 and 30 rocket launchers. They had the same configuration, exactly 40 rockets 122 mm caliber, compatible also with BM-21 launcher. Range about 25–32 km, sold to Libya, United Arab Emirates and probably other customers. About 150 produced in '80s-'90s. Pakistan first obtained these MRLS from China in few numbers (52+ Chinese Type-83) and then reverse engineered to develop these multiple rockets indigenously by KRL (Khan Research laboratories). The new missile system were developed with 16 modernization by Pakistani Engineers. A vertical stabilizer
450-617: The Chief of the GRAU was Major General Nikolay Romanovsky. Arsenals of the GRAU, according to Kommersant -Vlast in 2005, included the 53rd at Dzerzhinsk, Nizhniy Novogorod Oblast , the 55th in the Sklad-40 microraion at Rzhev , the 60th at Kaluga , the 63rd at Lipetsk , the 75th at Serpukhov south of Moscow, and the 97th at Skolin (all five in the Moscow Military District ). An additional possibly disused arsenal in
480-638: The Chinese variants of the BM-21 Grad rocket, which demonstrated a far greater range and blast impact than Palestinian-made rockets, as well as Russian-origin Grads or Katyushas. Hamas have used small man-portable single-tube launchers for rockets in attacks against Israel, designated 122 mm 9P132/BM-21-P. The 122 mm Grad rockets used in Gaza have a range of about 40 km (25 mi), and can reach
510-697: The Fajr-5, the Khaibar-1 does not employ a spin mechanism during flight, which may affect its precision adversely. Khaibar, also spelled Khaybar , is an oasis approximately 95 miles north of Medina, which was once the largest Jewish settlement in Arabia. The name was chosen as a reminder of the Battle of Khaybar , a battle that took place in 629 between Muhammad and his followers against the Jewish people who inhabited
540-632: The Hadid HM20). The Helwan Machine Tools Company also produces portable systems with one, three, four and eight launch tubes. Also the RAAD 200 which is a BM-21 on a new vehicle. The Homicho Ammunition Engineering Complex produces the rockets while the Bishoftu Motorization Engineering Complex produces the launching tubes and has converted existing trucks to diesel engine. Bishoftu Motorization has also produced
570-636: The Israeli towns of Ashdod , Beer-Sheva , Ofakim , Gedera , Kiryat Gat , Ashqelon , Sderot , Rehovot , Kiryat Malachi and Gan Yavne . They also published a clip claiming device mounted used as a multi-barrel rocket launcher on vehicle used for first time in Gaza. On 7 April 2011, the Iron Dome system successfully intercepted a Grad rocket launched from Gaza for the first time. The rockets were launched without their dedicated platforms and by untrained operators which causes very low accuracy. Over 50% of
600-488: The Khaibar-1 rocket to Gaza as well. 28 rockets to the according distination 5ddbe83j8twhw9gw BM-21 The BM-21 "Grad" ( Russian : БМ-21 "Град" , lit. ' hailstorm ') is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union . The system and the M-21OF rocket were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during
630-528: The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Russian: Гла́вное раке́тно-артиллери́йское управле́ние Министе́рства оборо́ны Росси́йской Федера́ции (ГРАУ Миноборо́ны Росси́и) , romanized : Glávnoye rakétno-artilleríyskoye upravléniye Ministérstva oboróny Rossíyskoy Federátsii (GRAU Minoboróny Rossíi) ), commonly referred to by its transliterated Russian acronym GRAU ( ГРАУ ),
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#1732802184033660-628: The Moscow Military District is the 107th at Toropets . The 5th at Alatyr, Chuvash Republic , the 80th Arsenal at Gagarskiy, the 103rd Arsenal at Saransk , Mordovia , and the 116th at Krasno-Oktyabrskiy were all in the Volga–Urals Military District . Since 2009, there have been a number of fires and explosions at GRAU ammunition storage depots. GRAU indices are of the form ⟨number⟩ ⟨letter⟩ ⟨number⟩ , sometimes with
690-633: The Soviet Army in 1963 to replace the aging 140 mm BM-14 system. The launch vehicle consists of a Ural-375D 6x6 truck chassis fitted with a bank of 40 launch tubes arranged in a rectangular shape that can be turned away from the unprotected cab. The vehicle is powered by a water-cooled V8 180 hp gasoline engine , has a maximum road speed of 75 km/h (47 mph), a road range of up to 750 kilometers (470 mi), and can cross fords up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) deep. The original vehicle together with supporting equipment (including
720-533: The launch vehicle only, was initially known as the M1964 . Several other countries have copied the Grad or developed similar systems. In Russian service its intended replacement is the 9A52-4 Tornado . Many similar 122 mm MLRS systems are made by different countries based on the BM-21 Grad. The M-21 field rocket system with a BM-21 launch vehicle (122 mm multiple rocket launcher (MRL) system) entered service with
750-594: The range to about 40 kilometers (25 mi). The latest technology development has allowed new Grad rockets to have 52 km range. The range may also vary due to the type of warhead. The 9M22S munition (see below) was developed by NPO Splav during the Soviet era . Instead of a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, the 9M22S rocket carries a warhead containing 180 separate 9N510 incendiary elements. Designed to ignite vegetation, storage facilities, or fuel, these incendiary elements consist of hexagonal prisms made from
780-626: The resupply truck 9T254 with 60 rockets) is referred to by the GRAU index "9K51". The launcher itself has the industrial index of "2B5". In 1976, the BM-21 was mounted on the newer Ural-4320 6x6 army truck. The three-member crew can emplace the system and have it ready to fire in three minutes. The crew can fire the rockets from the cab or from a trigger at the end of a 64-meter (210 ft) cable. All 40 rockets can be away in as little as 20 seconds, and can be fired individually or in small groups in several-second intervals. A PG-1M panoramic telescope with
810-583: The rockets miss entire cities and over 10% end up hitting the sea. D.I.O. from Iran produces copies of the BM-11 and BM-21 systems that can fire the original Soviet rockets as well as the locally developed " Arash " with a range of 20.5 km (12.7 mi). There is also a rocket with a range of 75 km (47 mi). Various 122 mm-type rockets were deployed by Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war, modified to deliver nerve agents to targets. This included
840-511: The settlement. The name of the rocket was first revealed on July 28, 2006 by Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah in a speech on Al-Manar television station. The rocket's first use was being fired at the town of Afula during the 2006 Lebanon War. In early August 2006, Khaibar-1 rockets were reported to hit Beit Shean , about 70 km south of the Lebanese border, Hadera , and Haifa , Israel's third-largest city. Iran has attempted to ship
870-449: Was added to the launcher that improved its accuracy. The new indigenously reverse engineered system were named KRL-Ghadab. the range of the indigenously developed rockets were increased to 45 km with <1% CEP. The original "Grad" rocket has a range of about 20 kilometers (12 mi). The first modification called "G-M" increased the range to about 27.5 kilometers (17.1 mi), while the second modification "G-2000" further increased
900-419: Was brought into service in 1977 to counter the Grad. Adaptations of the launcher were/are produced by several countries including China, Czechoslovakia , Egypt, Iran , North Korea , Poland and Romania. The Egyptians domestically manufacture the rockets Sakr-18 and Sakr-36 , with a respective range of 18 km (11 mi) and 36 km (22 mi), and the latest Sakr-45 with
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