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68-766: The district is elongated from south to north and is crossed by the Northern Dvina River which divides it into two roughly equal parts. Almost the whole of the district belongs to the basins of the Northern Dvina River and its major tributaries . The main Northern Dvina tributaries within the district are the Yemtsa (left), the Pukshenga (right), and the Pinega (right). A minor area in

136-472: A municipal division , the city of oblast significance of Arkhangelsk is incorporated as Arkhangelsk Urban Okrug . For administrative purposes, the city is divided into nine territorial okrugs: Arkhangelsk is the final destination of Northern Railway . In addition, the city is host to two airports, Vaskovo Airport and Talagi Airport where they host the 2nd Arkhangelsk United Aviation Division and Smartavia Airline, respectively. M8 highway provides

204-473: A subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ), with long (November–March), very cold winters and short (June–August), mildly warm summers. More extreme climates at this high latitude - such as Fairbanks, Alaska or Oymyakon , Sakha Republic - have much colder winters than Arkhangelsk, indicating that there is still significant moderation from the Atlantic Ocean. Snowfall during winter

272-616: A successful campaign against Swedish armies in the Baltic area, he founded Saint Petersburg in May 1703. Nonetheless, Arkhangelsk continued to be an important naval base and maritime centre in the Russian north. In 1722, Peter the Great decreed that Arkhangelsk should no longer accept goods that amounted to more than was sufficient for the town (for so-called domestic consumption). It was due to

340-513: A building permit, the structure deteriorated while Sutyagin spent a few years in prison on racketeering charges. In 2008, it was condemned by local authorities as a fire hazard, and the courts ordered it to be demolished by February 1, 2009. On December 26, 2008, the tower was pulled down, and the remainder of the building was dismantled manually by early February 2009. The cultural life of Arkhangelsk includes: An airstrip in Arkhangelsk

408-448: A direct link to Moscow , Yaroslavl and Severodvinsk , the administrative center of the oblast. Local public transit is provided by buses and minibuses called marshrutkas . Until 2004 there were also trams , and until 2008, trolleybuses  [ ru ] . Arkhangelsk was home to Pomorsky State University and Arkhangelsk State Technical University which merged with several other institutions of higher learning in 2010 to form

476-500: A major export. The city resisted Bolshevik rule from 1918 to 1920 and was a stronghold of the anti-Bolshevik White Army . The White Army was supported by an Allied intervention in which British, French, Italian, and American troops helped to defend against the Bolsheviks. The Allied forces, led by British Lieutenant General Frederick Poole , suffered numerous set-backs and eventually withdrew from Russia. Without Allied support,

544-488: A river and the White Sea with many buildings. This was probably the place later known as Arkhangelsk. According to Snorri Sturluson , Vikings led by Thorir Hund raided this area in 1027. In 1989, an unusually impressive silver treasure was found by local farm workers by the mouth of Dvina, right next to present-day Arkhangelsk. Most of the findings comprised a total of 1.6 kilograms (3.5 lb) of silver, largely in

612-456: A trade agreement with the ship's captain, Richard Chancellor . Trade privileges were granted to English merchants in 1555, leading to the founding of the Company of Merchant Adventurers , which began sending ships annually into the estuary of the Northern Dvina. Dutch merchants also started bringing their ships into the White Sea from the 1560s. Scottish and English merchants also traded in

680-799: Is 357,052 square kilometres (137,859 sq mi). The river basin of the Northern Dvina includes the major parts of the Vologda and the Arkhangelsk Oblasts , as well as areas in the western part of the Komi Republic and in the northern part of the Kirov Oblast , and minor areas in the north of Yaroslavl and Kostroma Oblasts . The cities of Arkhangelsk and Vologda , as well as many smaller towns, many of those of significant historical importance such as Veliky Ustyug , Totma , Solvychegodsk , and Kholmogory , are located in

748-621: Is heavily used for timber rafting . The Northern Dvina Canal connects it with the Volga–Baltic Waterway. In the 19th century, a short-lived Northern Ekaterininsky Canal , now abandoned, connected the Northern Dvina basin with the Kama basin as well. In 1926–28 a canal connecting the Pinega, one of the major tributaries of the Northern Dvina, with the Kuloy, was constructed, however, currently

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816-464: Is heavy, while summers are very rainy. Precipitation is very reliable year round. According to the 2021 Census , Arkhangelsk has a population of 301,199 people, which makes it the 68th largest city in Russia. In the 2010 Census , the following ethnic groups were listed: Bandy is the biggest sport in the city and is considered a national sport in Russia. Vodnik , the local team, nine times became

884-618: Is unclear. Possibly it is an Indo-European word which used to mean river or stream . In the Komi language , the river is called Вы́нва / Výnva from vyn "power" and va "water, river" hence "powerful river". The length of the Northern Dvina is 744 kilometres (462 mi). Together with its major tributary, the Sukhona , it is 1,302 kilometres (809 mi) long – about as long as the Rhine in central and western Europe. The area of its basin

952-563: The 2021 Census , the city's population was 301,199. The arms of the city display the Archangel Michael in the act of defeating the Devil. Legend states that this victory took place near where the city stands, hence its name, and that Michael still stands watch over the city to prevent the Devil's return. Vikings knew the area around Arkhangelsk as Bjarmaland . Ohthere of Hålogaland told circa 890 of his travels in an area by

1020-715: The Arctic Ocean . It should not be confused with the Western Dvina , with which it is not connected. The principal tributaries of the Northern Dvina are the Vychegda (right), the Vaga (left), and the Pinega (right). According to the Max Vasmer 's Etymological Dictionary , the name of the river has been taken from the Western Dvina . The toponym Dvina does not stem from a Uralic language ; however, its origin

1088-620: The Kholmogory geese breed originates from Central Russia. A railway line connecting Arkhangelsk and Karpogory passes through the northern part of the district. This line is expected to become a part of the Belkomur project—a railway line connecting Arkhangelsk via the Komi Republic with Perm Krai and the Ural Mountains . The stretch between Arkhangelsk and Karpogory was built in the 1970s. Kholmogorskaya railway station on

1156-659: The Kremlin Armory , which performed orders for the Tsar's court. The handicraft reached its peak under the reign of Peter the Great . Currently, the carving is being performed at the Lomonosov Bone Carving Factory. Famous Russian sculptor Fedot Shubin started his career in Kholmogory as a walrus ivory carver. Other notable people born within modern district limits include: All of them left

1224-748: The Northeast passage to China in 1553; two disappeared, and one, the Edward Bonaventure ended up in the White Sea at Nyonoksa , eventually coming across the area of Arkhangelsk at the mouth of the Dvina River where the St. Nicolas Monastery stood. Subsequently, the English gave the name St. Nicolas Bay to the sea now known as the White Sea. Ivan the Terrible found out about this, and brokered

1292-758: The Northern (Arctic) Federal University . Arkhangelsk is home to the Northern State Medical University, Makarov state Maritime Academy, and a branch of the All-Russian Distance Institute of Finance and Economics. Mikhail Lomonosov came from a Pomor village near Kholmogory. A monument to him was installed to a design by Ivan Martos in 1829. A monument to Peter the Great was designed by Mark Antokolsky in 1872 and installed in 1914. After its historic churches were destroyed during Joseph Stalin 's rule,

1360-991: The Ob ). One was upstream the Vychegda and the Yarenga , and by land into the Vashka . Another one was upstream the Vychegda, the Vym , the Yelva, then by land to the Irva and to the Mezen. Two further options included going upstream the Pinega and then by land to the Kuloy and to the Mezen, or using the Pukshenga and the Pokshenga to get to the Pinega, and then from the Yozhuga taking boats by land to

1428-751: The Sheksna , along the Slavyanka River into Lake Nikolskoye, then the boats were taken by land to Lake Blagoveshchenskoye, from there downstream along the Porozovitsa River into Lake Kubenskoye and further to the Sukhona and the Northern Dvina. From the Northern Dvina, there were a number of ways into the basin of the Mezen (from where the merchants could get to the basin of the Pechora and

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1496-559: The Solovetsky Monastery , was located in Kholmogory until 1762. Until the 1700s, Arkhangelsk was the main trading harbour for the sea trade of Russia and western Europe, and the Northern Dvina was the main trading route connecting the central Russia with Arkhangelsk. Peter the Great drastically changed the situation, by founding Saint Petersburg in 1703, thus opening the way for the Baltic Sea trade, and by constructing

1564-492: The Volga–Baltic Waterway , which links Petersburg to Moscow. The Sukhona flows east, eventually north-east, joins the north-flowing Yug at Veliky Ustyug and acquires the name 'Northern Dvina'. The P157 highway connects Kostroma with Kotlas via Nikolsk and Veliky Ustyug. North of Veliky Ustyg, the highway runs on the left bank of the Northern Dvina. The river flows about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north crossing from

1632-864: The White Sea . The "Murmaners", as the Norwegians were called (cf. Murmansk ), plundered many Russian settlements along the coast, among them the Archangel Michael Monastery. Novgorod managed to drive the Norwegians back. However, in 1478 the area was taken over by Ivan III and passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow with the rest of the Novgorod Republic . Three English ships the Bona Esperanza , Edward Bonaventure , and Bona Confidentia set out to find

1700-406: The oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions , it also serves as the administrative center of Primorsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with five rural localities, incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Arkhangelsk —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As

1768-668: The selo of Lomonosovo , located in the historical building of a school constructed in 1892 on the same place where the house of Lomonosov previously stood, and the Nikolay Rubtsov Yemetsky Local Museum in Yemetsk. There is a local museum in the selo of Rakula. In Kholmogory, the craft of Kholmogory bone carving was developed in the 17th century. Bone carvings from Kholmogory were notable for excellent craftsmanship and perfected technique. The best carving masters from Kholmogory were invited to work in

1836-450: The 12th century, but there is no archeological material of this period. It is not known whether the origin of this settlement was Russian, or if it goes back to pre-Russian times. In the center of the small town (or Gorodok) that is there today is a large mound of building remains and river sand, but it has not been archeologically excavated. The area of Arkhangelsk came to be important in the rivalry between Norwegian and Russian interests in

1904-670: The 12th century, the Novgorodians established a monastery dedicated to Archangel Michael in the estuary of the Northern Dvina . The main trade center of the area at that time was Kholmogory , located 75 kilometers (47 mi) southeast of Arkhangelsk, up the Dvina River, about 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) downstream from where the Pinega River flows into the Dvina. Written sources indicate that Kholmogory existed early in

1972-514: The 16th century; however, by the 17th century it was mainly the Dutch that sailed to the White Sea area. In 1584, Ivan ordered the founding of New Kholmogory (which would later be renamed after the nearby Archangel Michael Monastery). At the time access to the Baltic Sea was still mostly controlled by Sweden, so while Arkhangelsk was icebound in winter, it remained Moscow's almost sole link to

2040-719: The 17th century (the oldest survived building of the monastery, the Trinity Cathedral, was built in 1589–1606), the Transfiguration Cathedral in Kholmogory (1685–1691), and the wooden St. Peter and St. Paul church in the village of Ratonavolok (1722). There are three state museums in the district: the Kholmogorsky District Museum in Kholmogory, the Mikhail Lomonosov Memorial Museum in

2108-481: The 900 square kilometres (350 sq mi) delta begins. In the upstream part of the delta, the great port of Arkhangelsk is located. It gradually replaced Kholmogory as the chief city of the region. On the southwest side of the delta is the naval base of Severodvinsk , the second-largest city in the region. The delta ends in the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. The river flows through Velikoustyugsky District of

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2176-570: The Arkhangelsk Governorate in order to write down the tales and the bylinas , especially in Pomor dialects. In the 1920s, mostly due to the efforts of Anna Astakhova , these expeditions became systematic. By the 1960s, the performing art was basically extinct. These folkloric motives and fairy tales inspired the literary works of Stepan Pisakhov and Boris Shergin , who were both natives of Arkhangelsk. Arkhangelsk experiences

2244-516: The Civil War. 64°32′00″N 40°29′00″E  /  64.53333°N 40.48333°E  / 64.53333; 40.48333 Arkhangelsk Arkhangelsk ( Russian : Архангельск , pronounced [ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲsk] ) is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast , Russia . It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea . The city spreads for over 40 kilometres (25 mi) along

2312-524: The Northern Dvina basin was controlled by Novgorod. Veliky Ustyug has been first mentioned in the chronicles in 1207, Shenkursk — in 1229, Solvychegodsk was founded in the 14th century. In the 13th century the Novgorod merchants already reached the White Sea. The area was initially attractive because of fur trading. The main waterway from Novgorod into the Northern Dvina was along the Volga and its tributary,

2380-538: The Soviet Union. During Operation Barbarossa , the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Arkhangelsk was one of two cities (the other being Astrakhan ) selected to mark the envisioned eastern limit of German control. This military operation was to be halted at this A-A line , but never reached it, as the German armies failed to capture either of these two cities and also failed to capture Moscow. Arkhangelsk

2448-404: The Tsar's will to shift all international marine trade to Saint Petersburg. This factor greatly contributed to the deterioration of Arkhangelsk that continued up to 1762 when this decree was cancelled. Arkhangelsk declined in the 18th century as the Baltic trade became ever more important. Its economy revived at the end of the 19th century when a railway to Moscow was completed and timber became

2516-535: The Vologda Oblast and through Kotlassky , Krasnsoborky , Verkhnetoyemsky , Vinogradovsky , Kholmogorsky , and Primorsky districts of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. All administrative centers of these districts are located at the banks of the Northern Dvina, as they developed when the river was the major transportation route of the region. In summer, the entire length of the river is navigable and

2584-502: The Vologda Oblast into the Arkhangelsk Oblast, where in the city of Kotlas it receives the west-flowing Vychegda River which rises in the northern Ural Mountains . Since, at the confluence, the length of the Vychegda is greater than that of the Northern Dvina, the river between the source and the confluence with the Vychegda is sometimes known as the Lesser Northern Dvina ( Малая Северная Двина ). Shortly downstream from

2652-848: The Zyryanskaya Yezhuga and the Vashka. From the Vychegda, the merchants also could get directly to the river basin of the Pechora via either the Cherya and the Izhma , or the Mylva . From the 14th century, Kholmogory was the main trading harbor on the Northern Dvina, but in the 17th century it lost this distinction to Arkhangelsk even though the seat of the Kholmogory and Vaga Eparchy , from 1732 known as Kholmogory and Archangelogorod Eparchy, which had jurisdiction over all Northern Russia including

2720-449: The area relatively early to pursue their careers elsewhere. Northern Dvina River The Northern Dvina ( Се́верная Двина́ , IPA: [ˈsʲevʲɪrnəjə dvʲɪˈna] ; Komi : Вы́нва , romanized:  Výnva ) is a river in northern Russia flowing through Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea . Along with the Pechora River to the east, it drains most of Northwest Russia into

2788-407: The banks of the river and numerous islands of its delta . Arkhangelsk was the chief seaport of medieval and early modern Russia until 1703, when it was replaced by the newly founded Saint Petersburg . A 1,133-kilometer-long (704 mi) railway runs from Arkhangelsk to Moscow via Vologda and Yaroslavl , and air travel is served by the Talagi Airport and the smaller Vaskovo Airport . As of

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2856-424: The canal is pretty much neglected. Heavy commercial passenger navigation has largely disappeared and only local passenger lines remain. The passenger line connecting Kotlas and Arkhangelsk has been out of operation since 2005. The area was populated by Finnic peoples and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic . The only exception was Veliky Ustyug, which was part of Vladimir-Suzdal Principality . The rest of

2924-490: The central administration of Northern Krai. In 1936, the krai itself was transformed into Northern Oblast . In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Kholmogorsky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since, but Yemetsky District was abolished and merged into Kholmogorsky District in 1959. Administratively , the district is divided into eighteen selsoviets . One locality which previously had urban-type settlement status, Lukovetsky ,

2992-404: The city's main extant landmarks are the fort-like Merchant Yards (1668–1684) and the New Dvina Fortress (1701–1705). The Assumption Church on the Dvina embankment (1742–1744) was rebuilt in 2004. In 2008, it was decided that the city's cathedral , dedicated to the Archangel Michael , which had been destroyed under the Soviets, would be rebuilt. The foundation stone was laid in November 2008 by

3060-433: The confluence, the Northern Dvina is crossed by the railway connecting Konosha with Kotlas and Vorkuta . The Northern Dvina turns northwest and receives a number of smaller rivers such as the Uftyuga and the Nizhnyaya Toyma , both from the northeast. Near the urban settlement of Bereznik, the Vaga comes in from the south. At this point, the M8 highway which runs from Moscow through Vologda to Arkhangelsk, also enters

3128-404: The district. These produced meat (beef and pork), milk, cereals, and potatoes. In the past, the area around Kholmogory was famous for a special cattle breed, Kholmogory cattle , which was bred in Kholmogory and Arkhangelsk countryside. This breed, mostly black and white, was particularly stable against the cold climate of Northern Russia and eventually spread well beyond this region. Incidentally,

3196-412: The entire city burned down. In 1693, Peter the Great ordered the creation of a state shipyard in Arkhangelsk. A year later the ships Svyatoye Prorochestvo (Holy Prophecy), Apostol Pavel (Apostle Paul), and the yacht Svyatoy Pyotr (Saint Peter) were sailing in the White Sea. However, he also realized that Arkhangelsk would always be limited as a port due to the five months of ice cover, and after

3264-415: The form of coins. Jewelry and pieces of jewelry come from Russia or neighboring areas. The majority of the coins were German, but the hoard also included a smaller number of Kufan , English, Bohemian , Hungarian, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian coins. It is hard to place this find historically until further research is completed. There are at least two possible interpretations. It may be a treasure belonging to

3332-484: The governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty , with the creation of Kholmogorsky Uyezd . In 1796, Kholmogorsky Uyezd was transferred to Arkhangelsk Governorate . In 1922, Kholmogorsky Uyezd was renamed Yemetsky Uyezd, and the uyezd's administrative center was moved to Yemetsk . On May 15, 1925, Yemetsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into Arkhangelsky Uyezd. In 1929, several governorates were merged into Northern Krai . On July 15, 1929,

3400-465: The highway between Saint Petersburg and Arkhangelsk via Kargopol. The river quickly lost its role as the leading trading route, which was accelerated by the construction of the railway between Vologda and Arkhangelsk between 1894 and 1897. The Northern Dvina was scene of several battles during the Russian Civil War , many involving the Entente interventionist army as part of their North Russia Campaign . A special Northern Dvina Flotilla existed during

3468-405: The north of the district lies in the basin of the Kyolda River , a left tributary of the Kuloy . There are many glacial lakes, especially on the right bank of the Northern Dvina. A major part of the district is covered by coniferous forests ( taiga ). Siysky Zakaznik , a nature reserve located within the district limits, is designated as a protected natural area at the federal level. The area

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3536-423: The north-flowing Yug River at Veliky Ustyug. The combined stream, now called the Northern Dvina, flows north about 60 km and receives the west-flowing Vychegda at Kotlas and then turns northwest to flow into the White Sea. The Sukhona-Vychegda was an important east–west transportation route while the Northern Dvina-Yug was a north–south route. The upper Sukhona is now connected by the Northern Dvina Canal to

3604-445: The northern areas. From Novgorod, the spectrum of Russian interest was extended far north to the Kola Peninsula in the 12th century. However, here Norway enforced taxes and rights to the fur trade. A compromise agreement entered in 1251 which was soon broken. In 1411, Yakov Stepanovich from Novgorod went to attack northern Norway. This was the beginning of a series of clashes. In 1419, Norwegian ships with five hundred soldiers entered

3672-432: The poorly disciplined White Army quickly collapsed and the Bolsheviks entered Arkhangelsk on February 21, 1920. Arkhangelsk was also the scene of the Mudyug concentration camp. During both world wars, Arkhangelsk was a major port of entry for Allied aid. During World War II, the city became known in West Europe as one of the two main destinations (along with Murmansk ) of the Arctic convoys bringing supplies in to assist

3740-415: The railroad between Moscow and Arkhangelsk is located in Plesetsky District . The Northern Dvina and the Pinega Rivers are navigable, although there is no regular passenger navigation. One of the principal highways in Russia, M8 connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk, crosses the district from south to north, on the left bank of the Northern Dvina. An important road on the right bank connects Arkhangelsk with

3808-459: The region. The Yomtsa or Yemtsa joins from the southeast, with the P1 highway (from Kargopol ) running parallel. The Pinega , formerly an important river route, joins from the east. Near the mouth of the Pinega, the river splits into several channels, among which is the ancient selo of Kholmogory 75 kilometres (47 mi) southeast of Arkhangelsk. The branches rejoin and pass the modern logging town of Novodvinsk . Downstream from Novodvinsk,

3876-432: The regional Bishop Tikhon. The cathedral, situated near the city's main bus station and river port, is expected to be completed and consecrated in 2019. Another remarkable structure is the Arkhangelsk TV Mast, a 151-meter (495 ft) tall guyed mast for FM-/TV-broadcasting built in 1964. This tubular steel mast has six crossbars equipped with gangways, which run in two levels from the central mast structure out to each of

3944-400: The river basin of the Northern Dvina. The Northern Dvina basin is roughly T-shaped. The 558 kilometres (347 mi)-long Sukhona River flows east and joins the basin of the west-flowing Vychegda (1,130 kilometres (700 mi) long). The combined river flows northwest into the White Sea , which it joins near the city of Arkhangelsk . Looking more closely, the Sukhona flows east and meets

4012-415: The sea-trade. Local inhabitants, called Pomors , were the first to explore trade routes to Northern Siberia as far as the trans- Urals city of Mangazeya and beyond. In December 1613, during the Time of Troubles , Arkhangelsk was besieged by Polish-Lithuanian marauders commanded by Stanislaw Jasinski ( Lisowczyks ), who failed to capture the fortified town. In 1619, and again in 1637, fires broke out, and

4080-403: The society outlined by the Norse source material. Generally such finds, whether from Scandinavia , the Baltic area, or Russia, are closely tied to well-established agricultural societies with considerable trade activity. Alternatively, like the Russian scientists who published the find in 1992, one may see it as evidence of a stronger case of Russian colonization than previously thought. In

4148-457: The three guys. On these crossbars there are also several antennas installed. An unusual example of local " vernacular architecture " was the so-called Sutyagin House . This thirteen-story, 44-metre (144 ft) tall residence of the local entrepreneur Nikolay Petrovich Sutyagin was reported to be the world's, or at least Russia's, tallest wooden house. Constructed by Sutyagin and his family over fifteen years (starting in 1992), without plans or

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4216-410: The uyezds were abolished and Kholmogorsky and Yemetsky Districts were established on the territory which had previously been a part of Kholmogorsky and Arkhangelsky Uyezds . These districts became a part of Arkhangelsk Okrug of Northern Krai. In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1930, the okrug was abolished, and the district was subordinated to

4284-433: The valley of the Pinega and eventually of the Mezen . The road within the limits of the district is not paved. The district contains forty objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law, and additionally four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. Most of these are churches built prior to 1917. These include the ensemble of the Antonievo-Siysky Monastery of

4352-446: Was a posad subordinated to Arkhangelsk. Still, between 1682 and 1762, Kholmogory was the seat of the Kholmogory and Vaga Eparchy (from 1732 known as Kholmogory and Archangelogorod Eparchy) which had jurisdiction basically over all Northern Russia including the Solovetsky Monastery . In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great , the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate . In 1780,

4420-420: Was also the site of Arkhangelsk ITL , or the Arkhangelsk Labour Camp , in the 1930s and 1940s. Today, Arkhangelsk remains a major seaport , now open year-round due to improvements in icebreakers . The city is primarily a center for the timber and fishing industries. On March 16, 2004, 58 people were killed in an explosion at an apartment building in the city. Arkhangelsk is the administrative center of

4488-440: Was downgraded to rural locality in 2005. The following selsoviets have been established (the administrative centers are given in parentheses): Municipally , the district is divided into seventeen rural settlements (the administrative centers are given in parentheses): Timber industry is the main industry of the district. Food industry is also present. In 2010, there were eleven large-scale farms and four small private farms in

4556-430: Was populated by speakers of Uralic languages and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic . After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow . Kholmogory (then Kolmogory) was known since the 14th century and quickly established itself as one of the most important trading settlements in the North of Russia. After Arkhangelsk was founded in 1584, Kholmogory eventually declined. Since 1707, it

4624-433: Was the fictional setting for a level in the 1997 hit videogame Goldeneye 007 . The Russian North, and, in particular, the area of Arkhangelsk, is notable for its folklore . Until the mid-20th century, fairy tales and bylinas were still performed on the daily basis by performers who became professionals. Starting from the 1890s, folkloric expeditions have been organized to the White Sea area and later to other areas of

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