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61-739: [REDACTED] Look up khot in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Khot or KHOT may refer to: Khot, Armenia , a village in Armenia Khot Valley in northern Pakistan Union Council Khot , an Administrative subdivision KHOT (AM) , a radio station (1250 AM) licensed to Madera, California, United States KHOT-FM , a radio station (105.9 FM) licensed to Paradise Valley, Arizona, United States Memorial Field Airport in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States People with

122-505: A dome. It has three support pillars in its northern and southern walls that bear the arches upon which the inclined roof tiles are installed. Its entrance is decorated with fine geometric carvings. The Holy Mother of God Church or the St. Astvatsatsin Church is located along the northern fortifications of the monastic complex. It was built in 1087 as a second storey to the covered mausoleum near

183-401: A large number of artisans. In 1044, armed forces of neighbouring emirates destroyed the St. Gregory Church and its surrounding buildings, which were reconstructed soon after that. In 1087, the church of St. Mary was built to the north of the complex. The monastery suffered significant damage during Seljuk invasions in the 12th century and the earthquake in 1136. In 1170, Seljuk Turks plundered

244-658: A symbol depicting an arrow was also widespread. And most importantly, a huge arrow was placed on the temple of the Son of God. The mythological names of Marduk and Son represent the God on the basis of whose worship Christianity arose as a sect in the Semitic environment. The worship of this God among Armenians continued until the Christianization of Armenia, Tatev's column was previously a huge teg statue about 8.5m high, which

305-582: A university that operated between 1390 and 1434, where instructors were educated and trained not only for the province of Syunik , but also for other regions of Armenia. In the beginning of the 1340s, following the decline of the University of Gladzor , Hovhan Vorotnetsi departed from Vayots Dzor , and arriving in Dzghook, Vorotn, he obtained the blessing and patronage of the Orbelian princes to advance

366-452: Is a rectangular basilica that extends from west to east. The apse on the east side contains the altar, and is flanked by two depositories; one on either side. The central dome is supported by two pillars on the eastern side, while on the west, annexes act as abutments . The roof has a two tiered, inclined style covered with large tiles. The inside and outside walls are covered with hewn stones. The walls and dome have narrow windows that allow

427-407: Is close to similar pre-Christian columns in its form and construction methods. It is known that in the 16th century, Arakel archbishop, who was from Syunik , installed a new khachkar (Armenian cross-stone) instead of the khachkar on the head of the pillar, which is still standing today. With the naked and non-professional eye, one can see that the khachkar, imported later, is a foreign element to

488-442: Is made of tuff rock. Probably, the previous khachkar was more incommeasurable to the appearance of the pillar, which forced Arakel to change it. At the beginning of the 10th century, the modification of the upper part of the pillar and the installation of the khachkar could be presented as a complete column construction. This is exactly the same phenomenon as building a church on the foundation of pre-Christian worshiping places, turning

549-565: Is marked with a symbol depicting a cross. Marduk is one of about 70 names of Marduk attested in cuneiform sources, which is identical to the name of the sacred mountain Maratuk in Sason province. The name of the mountain is the supreme oath of the people of Sason. In the 1st millennium BC, the Supreme God of Qajants (Urartu) was also worshiped as the Son of God. In Qajants country the use of

610-542: Is named after Eustateus, a disciple of St. Thaddeus the Apostle , who preached and was martyred in this region. His name has evolved to Tatev. Folk etymology includes a legend telling of an event that is tied to the construction of the main church, where the builder falls down the abyss while completing the final structure of the dome, and during fall he calls "Ta Tev" meaning - give me wings. Folk legend says that he came down unharmed. where an apprentice secretly climbs to

671-574: Is where the name Zangezur , from Armenian zang (bell), is believed to have originated. In the 18th century, the Mrgadzori Khach church was built in the village. According to legend, Mrgadzori Khach was built by an Armenian woman who escaped the harem of the Persian Shah Abbas . By the 19th century, Russian general Yermolov mentions Khot as an Armenian village in the province of Karabakh , conquered from Qajar Iran during

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732-802: The Dominican order and the result of an initiative taken by Pope John XXII to extend the influence of Holy See of Rome onto Asia and to Latinize Greater Armenia . Scholars of Tatev University fought against the proselytizing of the Unitores and sought to diminish their influence on the Armenian Church and people. Following the collapse of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1375, scholars of Tatev, led by Grigor Tatevatsi and then his followers, especially Tovma Metsobetsi and Hovhannes Hermonetsi played an important role in convincing

793-631: The Russo-Persian War (1804–1813) . During the Soviet period, Khot was located in the Goris region of the Armenian SSR . A new settlement was built on a plateau outside of the old city, it contained an 8-year school, medical center, newly planned streets, a cinema, and a library. The old city of Khot was abandoned in the 1960s-70s when its inhabitants were moved to higher ground closer to

854-530: The mausoleum of the Armenian theologian Gregory of Tatev was built adjacent to the western wall of the Church of Saint Gregory and by the end of 19th century a vestibule and a belfry were added at the western entrance of the church of Saints Paul and Peter. Aside from the buildings, the monastery boasts an upright pendulum , known as the Gavazan (staff). This column was built in the 10th century following

915-439: The nave to be illuminated. The eastern façade contains niches that are crowned with bas-relief portraits of its benefactors, Prince Ashot and Princess Shushan, each bordered by protective snakes. In 930 the church walls were decorated with frescoes upon the initiative of Bishop Hakob Dvinetsi. The work was carried out by French artists invited from Constantinople working alongside local Armenian painters. The faces of

976-572: The 14th and 15th centuries, the monastery hosted one of the most important Armenian medieval universities, the University of Tatev, which contributed to the advancement of science, religion and philosophy, reproduction of books and development of miniature painting . Scholars of the Tatev University contributed to the preservation of Armenian culture and creed during one of its most turbulent periods in its history. The restoration of

1037-520: The Armenian historian Stepanos Orbelian as a tax-paying settlement under the jurisdiction of the Tatev monastery . In 1205, prince Dlen, the son of Khazbak, donated the village of Khot and the large garden of Khotaget to the Tatev monastery. However, it was later taken away from Tatev until 1274, when the prince Tarsayich Orbelian returned it to the monastery. In the medieval period, the castle of Khanapa

1098-578: The Monastery and burnt some 10,000 manuscripts. The Monastery was rebuilt through the efforts of Bishop Stepanos near the end of the 13th century. The Monastery was granted an exemption from taxes during Mongol rule. It regained its economic strength with the assistance of the Orbelian family. Its influence grew further when, in 1286, the Orbelians assumed control of the monastery, Stepanos Orbelian

1159-581: The Sts. Paul and Peter church was reconstructed, but the bell tower remains destroyed up to today. The fortified Tatev monastery consists of three churches - Saints Paul and Peter Church, Saint Gregory the Illuminator's Church, and the Holy Mother of God Church, a library, refectory , bell tower , mausoleum , as well as other administrative and auxiliary buildings. The church of Saints Paul and Peter

1220-497: The accord through which Prince Ashot, son of Prince Philipé of Syunik delineated its borders. Soon after the transfer of the lands, peasants of Tsouraberd (present day Svarants), Tamalek, Aveladasht and other villages, rejected the authority of the Monastery and began a prolonged struggle against it. Twice the protests transformed into open uprisings and continued, with some interruptions, until 990 when King Vasak of Syunik razed Tsouraberd and dispersed its population . Historians link

1281-456: The architectural style of monastic educational architecture used in the late medieval period. The church of Saints Paul and Peter is dedicated to the two apostles of Christ. It is also referred to as the church of the Apostles or the cathedral. It's likely that this church was built on the location of the old church and also inherited its name. On the western wall of the Church is preserved

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1342-480: The authorities to repatriate of the supreme patriarchal throne of the Armenian Church from Sis to Etchmiadzin , the original See of Saint Gregory the Illuminator . The effort succeeded in 1441 following the decisions of the National Congress of Etchmiadzin, proving to be one of the most significant events in Armenian history of that century. The prominence of the University began to wane following

1403-515: The bishopric rights and properties. In 1006, Bishop Hovhannes V succeeded in re-establishing the metropolitan privileges of the diocese. Tatev Monastery has played a notable role in the advancement of cultural life of Armenia . In his History of the Province of Syunik , Stepanos Orbelian describes how the monastery served as the repository for thousands of valuable manuscripts , monastic and official documents and contracts. The Monastery hosted

1464-509: The city of Goris and 280 km away from Yerevan . The Tatev plateau has been in use since pre-Christian times, hosting a pagan temple. The temple was replaced with a modest church following the Christianization of Armenia in the 4th century. Development of the Tatev Monastery began in the 9th century when it became the seat of the bishop of Syunik. In his History of the Province of Syunik , historian Stepanos Orbelian describes

1525-497: The column is to alert of minor earth tremors and thus giving early warning signals about possible earthquakes. The column returns to its vertical position after it moves. The swaying motion of Gavazan is attributed to its innovative design, particularly its articulated construction at the base of the column. This design allows the monument to maintain a constant angle of 90° to the Earth's surface, ensuring its balance and stability. Over

1586-554: The completion of the Paul and Peter church and has survived numerous invasions and earthquakes relatively unscathed. In the 14th century, fortifications were built to the south, west and north of the monastery with buildings for habitation, administration and other purposes. In the 18th century, additions were made to house the bishop's residence, cells for the monks, storage, dining hall, kitchen, bakery and winery. Sixteen rectangular classrooms, covered with arched ceilings, were built along

1647-444: The construction of a new church near the old one in 848 through the financial assistance of Prince Philip of Syunik . With the growth of economic and political importance of the centre, the aging buildings no longer suited its requirements, and thus Bishop Hovhannes (John) obtained the financial assistance of Prince Ashot of Syunik to construct the new monastery. In the beginning of the 11th century, Tatev hosted around 1,000 monks and

1708-418: The cross is no earlier than the 18th century but its form may be based on an earlier example. Built in the year 906 , this unique structure stands at a total height of 9 meters. What sets Gavazan apart is its remarkable ability to sway or swing without collapsing, making it the only structure in the complex to have survived the test of time, remaining intact despite centuries of existence. The key purpose of

1769-470: The death of Grigor Tatevatsi . In spite of the dauntless efforts of its new leaders, the political and economic conditions, compounded with the security complications of the period led Tatev to lose its luster and finally ceased to function following the invasions of Shah Rukh in 1434. In 1995, the monasteries of Tatev, Tatevi Anapat and their adjacent areas of the Vorotan Valley were added to

1830-442: The dedicational cross-stone installed by Bishop Hovhannes that provides important historical information regarding the construction of the Church. The Saints Paul and Peter Church is the oldest remaining construction within the complex of the Monastery. It was built with the initiative of Bishop Hovhannes and the financial assistance of reigning Prince Ashot, his wife Princess Shushan and Princes Grigor Supan and Dzagik. The church

1891-465: The educational system at Tatev. Vorotnetsi used his experience from Gladzor to revise the educational plan and to organize the admission and classification of students and instructors. This enabled Tatev to be transformed to a deserving university within a short period of time, attracting students from various regions of Greater Armenia and Cilicia . Vorotnetsi organized the university into three departments – study of Armenian and foreign scriptures,

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1952-510: The entrance. It was severely damaged during the earthquake of 1931, but was restored in the late 20th century. The pendulous column or swinging column (Armenian: Գավազան ) is a monument dedicated to the Holy trinity . It is located to the south of the Cathedral. It comprises a column about eight meters tall crowned with a khachkar -type cross. The column has been dated to the 10th century;

2013-400: The general appearance of the pillar with its shape and dimensions. Khachkar looks like a toy placed on a giant pillar, which will fall anywhere. It is obvious that in the initial version of the pillar, in place of the khachkar, there was a different emblem compared to the size and nature of the pillar. The column is made of porous bluish basalt, and the current (probably also the former) khachkar

2074-516: The independence of the Republic of Mountainous Armenia . The state included the regions of Tatev canyon, Sisian and Gndevaz. The city of Goris became the capital of the unrecognized state with Garegin Nzhdeh as its supreme commander. The monastery was seriously damaged after an earthquake in 1931 , the dome of the Sts. Paul and Peter church and the bell tower were destroyed. In the latter years

2135-570: The leading scientific and cultural centre of the time. Its achievements appear even more significant when they are viewed in context with the turbulent political situation and endless devastations of the period, when the University was occasionally forced to migrate to avoid persecutions from invading forces. Tatev University led the effort to combat the influence of the Fratres Unitores in Armenia . The Unitores were an Armenian branch of

2196-490: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khot&oldid=1256592190 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Broadcast call sign disambiguation pages Airport disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Khot, Armenia The village

2257-613: The main characters have eastern features, and all inscriptions are in Armenian . The eastern apse is decorated with a throned Christ with His disciples and saints. The western wall portrays the Last Judgment , while the northern wall illustrates scenes from the Nativity of Jesus . Little of those decorations survive today. The Saint Gregory Church is adjacent to the southern wall of the Sts. Paul and Peter Cathedral. The church

2318-488: The main fortifications. To the northeast of the monastery, outside of the fortifications is the olive press . It has four production rooms including two domed storage rooms and pressing chambers with arched ceilings. This mill is one of the best preserved in Armenia and is an excellent illustration of olive presses built in the region during the Middle Ages . The school buildings of the Tatev Monastery characterize

2379-473: The main road and utility on flatter land. Ancient cave-dwellings have been preserved in the village and its surroundings. The Statistical Committee of Armenia reported its population as 1,079 in 2010, up from 890 at the 2001 census. In the 1823 survey of Karabakh, the population was reported to consist of 37 tax-paying households, all Armenian . According to the Caucasian Calendar in 1912,

2440-611: The monastery, re-establishing its educational legacy and reviving monastic life at Tatev is one of the main goals of Tatev Revival Program, a part of which is the Wings of Tatev aerial tramway, a cableway from Tatev to the village of Halidzor , which was opened in October 2010. It was included in the Guinness World Records as world's "longest non-stop double track cable car." According to tradition, Tatev Monastery

2501-546: The monastery. The monastic ensemble stands on the edge of a deep gorge of the Vorotan River . Tatev is known as the bishopric seat of Syunik and played a significant role in the history of the region as a center of economic, political, spiritual and cultural activity. The Monastery of Tatev has been described as one of the two best-known monasteries in Armenia, along with Noravank in the province of Vayots Dzor . In

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2562-422: The monuments of inscriptions of the kings of Qajants country into khachkars. The views expressed about the function of the pillar are unfounded and illogical (checking the spiritual-energetic power of clergies, warning of earthquakes or alerting of approaching enemy cavalry). Surely, clergies did not have such spiritual strength to shake the pillar with their thoughts. If the pillar is swung due to an earthquake, it

2623-468: The name [ edit ] Jehangir Khot (1913–1990), Indian cricketer Sadabhau Khot , Indian politician Subhash Khot (born 1978), Indian-American mathematician and theoretical computer scientist See also [ edit ] Khotta (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Khot . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

2684-529: The population of the village in 1911 was 1,131 people, mostly Armenians. By 1914 it reached 1,240 people, also predominantly Armenians. Tatev Monastery The Tatev Monastery ( Armenian : Տաթևի վանք , romanized :  Tat'evi vank' ) is a 9th-century Armenian Apostolic Christian monastery located on a large basalt plateau near the village of Tatev in the Syunik Province in southeastern Armenia . The term "Tatev" usually refers to

2745-486: The role of abbot. He succeeded in raising the standard of the University to unprecedented heights. During his tenure, Tatev experienced its most dynamic and creative period. Topics of instruction included Armenian literature , interpretation and analysis of the Old and New Testaments, works of the holy fathers, works of Plato , Aristotle , Philo of Alexandria and Porphyry , and their analysis. The University of Tatev became

2806-571: The settlement is directly from the Armenian word Khot meaning herbage /grass . According to Heinrich Hübschmann , this is in reference to the rich gardens surrounding old Khot named Khotaget , Khot (grass) + get (river). Khot was first mentioned as a town within the Haband gavar (county) of the Syunik province during the time of the Kingdom of Armenia . In the 11th century, it was mentioned by

2867-418: The study of scriptural arts, and finally, the study of music. The first included the study of humanities and social sciences, philosophy, oration, grammar, literature and history. The second focused on calligraphy , artistic design of books and the painting of miniatures and murals. The third department included ancient music and musicology. Following the death of Vorotnetsi in 1388, Grigor Tatevatsi assumed

2928-475: The top of its steeple intending to place a cross of his own design. However, the apprentice is spotted by his master during his descent. Shocked by his discovery, the apprentice loses his foothold and falls into the abyss as he calls upon God to grant him wings, which, in Armenian is: "Ta Tev". Tatev Monastery is located in South-East Armenia , in the area of ancient Armenian Syunik , not far from

2989-407: The top of the column to be modified and Christianized. If we mentally remove the khachkar from the top of the Tatev pillar and recall the widespread symbols of the ancient world, then the first thing that will claim to be in the place of the khachkar are the arrow-statues, which archaeologists call phallus type monuments (see figure 1). Starting from the 5th-4th millennia BC, the image of the arrow

3050-813: The uprisings to the Tondrakian Heresy , which appeared in Armenian history at roughly the same time as the peasant uprisings (9th–11th centuries) and which was also suppressed around the same time. The Tatev bishopric owned 47 villages and received tithes from 677 other villages. It gained such economic power that in 940–950 Bishop Hakob attempted to secede from the Mother See of Etchmiadzin . His separatist dreams were dashed when Catholicos Anania Mokatsi anathematized him. Surrounding regions benefited from Tatev's weakened position, rejected its supremacy and established their own dioceses. In 958, Bishop Vahan (later Catholicos Vahan Syunetsi) recovered some of

3111-450: The years, Gavazan has become a symbol of resilience and architectural ingenuity, attracting visitors from around the world to marvel at its unique construction and historical significance. Based on the description of Stepanos Orbelyan (1250–1305), who lived about 400 years after the supposed establishment, the construction of the column is dated 904 - 906 . In their valuable survey Ayvazyan and A. Badishyan note that Tatev 's column

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3172-402: Was also religious in its initial significance and was set up in pre-Christian times. The top part of it was modified, a khachkar was erected on it, it was turned into a Christian structure and with that the original meaning of the structure was obscured and forgotten. It is very likely that the top part of the column fell and broke during the devastating Moz earthquake in the 8th century and caused

3233-407: Was built between 895 and 906. An arched hall was added adjacent to the southern wall of the church in 1043. Soon after in 1087, the church of the Holy Mother of God was added along the northern fortifications. In 1295, the church of Saint Gregory the Illuminator, which had been destroyed during an earthquake, was replaced with a new one through the initiative of then bishop Stepanos Orbelian . In 1787,

3294-469: Was consecrated metropolitan and succeeded in reuniting a number of surrounding dioceses within its realm. With the establishment of the university in the 14th century Tatev became a principal centre of Armenian culture. During Timur lane 's campaigns into Syunik (1381–1387), Tatev was looted, burnt, and dispossessed of a significant portion of its territories. The Monastery received an additional blow during Shah Rukh's invasion in 1434. The monastery

3355-460: Was first built between 836 and 848 with the order and financial support of Prince Philipé of Syunik. It was renovated in the 11th century immediately after the Seljuk campaigns, but was completely destroyed again during the earthquake of 1138. It remained in this condition for more than a century until its reconstruction in 1295. The church of St. Gregory is simple in construction. It does not have

3416-762: Was included under the same name in the Zangezur uezd within the Elizavetpol Governorate of Russian Empire . During the Soviet years, Khot was a part of the Zangezur province of the Armenian SSR , and from 1930, it was part of the Goris region. Since 1995, the village has been part of the Syunik province of RA, since 2015 it is part of the enlarged Tatev Municipality. The village was previously known as Khotavan , from Khot + avan (town). The name of

3477-471: Was located here and the ruins can still be seen today. The oldest monastery of the village was Khoti Vank built in the 5th-6th centuries. The Armenian priest and historian Ghevond Alishan referred to it as St. Astvatsatsin. The ruins of the Red Church of the village from the 12th century are preserved in the old cemetery. Traditionally, the bells of this church were known for their powerful sound which

3538-510: Was not a warning, but a fact that an earthquake occurred, which is obvious even to a person far from the pillar. And in order for the column to swing from the sound of many horses' stamping with the foot, they must be very close, within visible distance. In short, they are childish explanations. The examples of similar monuments, since prehistoric times show that they mostly had worshiping significance (sometimes they were set up as reminders of memorable historical events). I think that Tatev's column

3599-484: Was reborn in the 17th and 18th centuries; its structures restored and new ones were added. It was looted again during the incursions of Persian forces led by Aga Mahmet Khan in 1796. In 1836, Czarist Russia put an end to the metropolitan authorities of Tatev through the imposition of Pologenia, and Syunik became part of the Diocese of Yerevan. On 26 April 1921, the 2nd Pan-Zangezurian congress, held in Tatev, announced

3660-474: Was set up in a complex dedicated to the worship of the Son of God. Tatev Monastery was a feudal organization. It became a prominent and influential monastic centre soon after its foundation, possessing expansive areas of land and a large number of villages. The earliest references to its foundation are described in Stepanos Orbelian 's History of the Province of Syunik , where Orbelian describes

3721-541: Was widespread in the iconography of the Middle East. Later cuneiform inscriptions testify that it was the ideogram of an adverb in the name of Marduk , the eldest son of the Armenian God. Marduk was worshiped as the Son of God and was the supreme God of Babylon . Marduk was always represented on the momuments of Qajants (2nd millennium BC) with the image of a dart on a bagin or only a dart. One of Marduk's titles

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