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36-772: Kilwarlin was a brown horse bred at the Curragh , County Kildare in Ireland (then part of the United Kingdom ) by J. Connolly. During his racing career he was initially owned by Captain Machell who was described as "one of the most astute racing men to be found either in England or out of it" and was trained by James Jewitt. Machelltypically managed the strategy of his horses careers while Jewitt took care of thei day-to-day conditioning. The details of Machell's acquisition of

72-536: A "ding dong" struggle and one of the best finishes even seen at Doncaster, Kilwarlin prevailed by half a length from the Derby winner, with Timothy a head away in third place. Lord Rodney rewarded Robinson for his winning ride with a gift of£500. The result produced some controversy as Robinson's rival jockeys were criticised for allowing the favourite back into the race instead of setting a faster pace which would have eliminated Kilwarlin from contention. In autumn Kilwarlin

108-453: A bay coat usually have a two-toned hair shaft, which, if shaved closely (such as when body-clipping for a horse show ), may cause the horse to appear several shades lighter, a somewhat dull orange-gold, almost like a dun . However, as the hair grows out, it will darken again to the proper shade. This phenomenon is linked to the genetics that produce red coloration in horses, but usually not seen in body-clipped darker shades of bay because there

144-434: A black foal. Because chestnut's e at extension is recessive to bay's E , two chestnut horses can never have a bay foal. Likewise, because black's a at agouti is recessive, two black horses cannot have a bay foal either. However, it is possible for a chestnut horse and a black horse to produce a bay foal, if the chestnut horse is AA or Aa at agouti . The foal can inherit the A allele from its chestnut parent and

180-463: A considerable fortune which he exhausted on bloodstock and gambling. On 14 September, at Doncaster Racecourse Kilwarlin was moved up in distance to contest the 112th running of the St Leger over fourteen and half furlongs and despite what was described as "wretched" weather the race attracted its customary large crowd. Ridden by Jack Robinson he was made the 4/1 favourite ahead of Eiridspord while

216-482: A horse which resembles bay but is not. The pigment in a bay horse's coat, regardless of shade, is rich and fully saturated. This makes bays particularly lustrous in the sun if properly cared for. Some bay horses exhibit dappling, which is caused by textured, concentric rings within the coat. Dapples on a bay horse suggest good condition and care, though many well-cared for horses never dapple. The tendency to dapple may also be, to some extent, genetic. The red areas of

252-402: A red or brown mane and tail as well as a dark brownish body coat, are sometimes called "brown" in some colloquial contexts. Therefore, "brown" can be an ambiguous term for describing horse coat color. It is clearer to refer to dark-colored horses as dark bays or liver chestnuts. To further complicate matters, there apparently exists more than one genetic mechanism that darkens coat colors. One

288-728: Is a flat handicap horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Newmarket over a distance of 2 miles and 2 furlongs (3,621 metres), and finishes on the Rowley Mile. It is scheduled to take place each year in October. "Cesarewitch" is an anglicised version of Tsesarevich , the title of the heir to the throne in Imperial Russia. The race was named in honour of Tsesarevich Alexander (later Tsar Alexander II), after he donated £300 to

324-422: Is a theorized sooty gene which produces dark shading on any coat color. The other is a specific allele of Agouti linked to a certain type of dark bay, called seal brown . The seal brown horse has dark brown body and lighter areas around the eyes, the muzzle, and flanks. A DNA test said to detect the seal brown (A ) allele was developed, but the test was never subjected to peer review and due to unreliable results

360-442: Is created with two colors of melanin pigment, the black eumelanin , which gives the black color of the mane, tail, and lower legs, and the "red" pheomelanin , which gives the body its red-brown color. Unlike the point coloration of Siamese cats and Himalayan rabbits , the points on horses are not produced by an albinism gene . Instead, two genes called extension and agouti interact to create this pattern. At agouti ,

396-440: Is less red in the hair shaft. There are many terms that are used to describe particular shades and qualities of a bay coat. Some shade variations can be related to nutrition and grooming, but most appear to be caused by inherited factors not yet fully understood. The shades with the least amount of point coloration are called wild bays. Wild bays are true bays with fully pigmented reddish coat color and black manes and tails, but

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432-424: Is needed to pinpoint the causative mutation. The oldest known horse coat color is bay dun , a tan color with a black mane, tail, dorsal stripe, and lower legs. The legs may sometimes have zebra-like black stripes; these, along with the dorsal stripe seen on all dun horses, are called primitive markings . Over 42,000 years ago, a mutation called non-dun 1 appeared, which allowed horses to be bay. Non-dun 1 replaces

468-610: The Dewhurst Plate . Kilwarlin ended the year with earnings of £1,456. Kilwarlin began his second campaign by being matched against older horses in the Great Jubilee Handicap over one mile at Kempton Park Racecourse on 7 May. After racing just behind the leaders he swerved entering the straight, lost his position, and finished eleventh in a race won by his older half-brother Bendigo. At Royal Ascot in June he

504-453: The E allele from its black parent, resulting in a bay color. The genetics behind the different shades of bay are still under investigation. A genome wide association study identified a region of equine chromosome 22 that appears to correlate with the extent of black pigment on bay horses. This region includes the 5' end of the agouti gene as well as another gene called RALY , both known to affect coat color in other species. Further research

540-675: The Jockey Club . The event was established in 1839, and the inaugural running was won by Cruiskeen. It was founded in the same year as another major handicap at Newmarket, the Cambridgeshire . The two races came to be known as the Autumn Double. The Cesarewitch initially took place before the Cambridgeshire, but the schedule was later reversed and it is now held two weeks after the other race. Three horses completed

576-478: The Oaks Stakes ). He was also the damsire of Glenside ( Grand National ), St Ninian ( Chester Vase ) and Samsam ( Prix Daru ). Several other daughters of Kilwarlin made a lasting impact as broodmares: Kilwarlin died in October 1900 of an intestinal rupture. Bay (horse) Bay is a hair coat color of horses , characterized by a reddish-brown or brown body color with a black point coloration on

612-423: The mane , tail , ear edges, and lower legs. Bay is one of the most common coat colors in many horse breeds. The black areas of a bay horse's hair coat are called "black points", and without them, a horse is not a bay horse. Black points may sometimes be covered by white markings ; however such markings do not alter a horse's classification as "bay". Bay horses have dark skin – except under white markings, where

648-461: The appearance of black points. Bay horses range in color from a light copper red, to a rich red blood bay (the best-known variety of bay horse) to a very dark red or brown called dark bay, mahogany bay, black-bay, or brown (or "seal brown"). The dark brown shades of bay are referred to in other languages by words meaning "black-and-tan." Dark bays/browns may be so dark as to have nearly black coats, with brownish-red hairs visible only under

684-636: The best fancied of the other runners were Merry Hampton (winner of the Epsom Derby ), Scottish King and Phil (runner-up in the 2000 Guineas ). Doubts had been expressed about the colt's effectiveness over the distance with the Sporting Life opining that a sprinter had as much chance of winning the Leger as a snail had of winning the Stewards' Cup . He did however attract considerable support from

720-456: The black points only extend up to the pastern or fetlock. Wild bay is sometimes found in conjunction with a trait called " pangare " that produces pale color on the underbelly and soft areas, such as near the stifle and around the muzzle. Some breed registries use the term "brown" to describe darker bays, though modern genetics have resulted in some terminology revisions such as the use of "bay or brown." However, "liver" chestnuts , horses with

756-406: The coat with red, creating a solid red chestnut coat regardless of agouti genotype. To be bay, a horse must have at least one E at extension and at least one A at agouti . The extent to which a bay passes on its color varies. Two bay horses heterozygous for E (Ee x Ee) have a 25% statistical probability to produce a chestnut. Similarly, bay horses heterozygous for A (Aa x Aa) may produce

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792-461: The dominant, ancestral A allele limits the location of black pigment to the points, seen in the bay color. The recessive a allele allows black pigment to cover the whole body, resulting in a fully black horse . At extension , horses with the dominant, ancestral E allele are able to produce either red or black pigment, and depending on agouti genotype horses with E can be bay or black. The recessive e alleles replaces all black pigment in

828-459: The double in the 19th century — Rosebery (1876), Foxhall (1881) and Plaisanterie (1885) — but the feat has been rarely attempted since then. The race was formerly staged during Newmarket's Champions' Day meeting in mid-October and became part of a new fixture called Future Champions Day in 2011. In 2014 the Cesarewitch was separated from Future Champions Day, which was moved back a week in

864-463: The end of his racing career Kilwarlin was sold in order to settle Lord Rodney's debts and retired to become a breeding stallion. His best runners included Kilcock (won King's Stand Stakes (twice), Wokingham Stakes , Challenge Stakes (twice) and July Cup ), Kroonstad ( Ascot Derby ), Hebron (Wokingham Stakes), Ogden ( Belmont Futurity Stakes ), Longford Lad ( Grand International d'Ostende ), Cherry Picker, (second Eclipse Stakes ) and Sabrinetta (second in

900-432: The eyes, around the muzzle, behind the elbow, and in front of the stifle. Dark bay should not be confused with "Liver" chestnut , which is also a very dark brown color, but a liver chestnut has a brown mane, tail and legs, and no black points. Bay horses have black skin and dark eyes, except for the skin under markings , which is pink. Skin color can help an observer distinguish between a bay horse with white markings and

936-410: The genotype EE Aa, which could play a part. Sooty genetics also appear to progressively darken some horses' coats as they age, and that genetic mechanism is yet to be fully understood. The addition of dilution genes or various spotting pattern genes create many additional coat colors, although the underlying bay coat color genetics usually manifest by a warm-toned red, tan, or brownish body color and

972-409: The grounds that he had been entered by his breeder, Mr Connolly who was on the "forfeit list" for failing to honour financial commitments. It was further alleged that the details of the horse's ownership had been falsified to conceal Connolly's involvement by a complicated series of transactions involving a "Mr McKenna" and a "C L Blake". Despite the charges Kilwarlin was allowed to keep the race. After

1008-593: The horse were unclear but it was reported that he had paid approximately 1,000 guineas . Physically, Kilwarlin was described as "a remarkably good looking horse" and a "grand mover". He was sired by Arbitrator, whose biggest wins came in handicap races , was a representative of the Godolphin Arabian sire line,. Kilwarlin's dam Hasty Girl had previously produced the Eclipse Stakes winner Bendigo . Kilwarlin had shown impressive form in training and

1044-449: The large Irish contingent: according to one report a "man of knowledge" claimed that "all Ireland was on". Kilwarlin was unruly in the paddock and Robinson opted to abandon the colt's participation in the parade in front of the stands as his behaviour deteriorated. On arrival at the start the colt bucked, kicked and refused to line alongside the others. When the flag fell to start the contest Kilwarlin "dug his toes in" and refused to race, and

1080-408: The other runners had covered at least 100 yards before Robinson persuaded him to take part. However, the early pace was so slow that he was eventually able to join the main group without Robinson having to rush him. After moving into contention on the final turn, Kilwarlin took the lead a quarter mile from the finish but was immediately challenged by Merry Hampton and Timothy. After what was described as

1116-528: The skin is pink. Genetically, bay occurs when a horse carries both at least one dominant Agouti gene and at least one dominant Extension gene . While the basic genetics that create bay coloring are fairly simple, the genes themselves and the mechanisms that cause shade variations within the bay family are quite complex and, at times, disputed. The genetics of dark shades of bay are still under study. The genetic mechanism that produces seal brown has yet to be isolated, however most seal brown horses appear to have

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1152-447: The tan dun color with the darker brown of bay, but keeps the primitive markings seen on dun. Later a second mutation to the dun gene , called non-dun 2, was able to remove the primitive markings altogether to create the non-striped bay color common today. The effects of additional equine coat color genes on a bay template alter the basic color into other shades or patterns: Cesarewitch Handicap The Cesarewitch Handicap

1188-607: Was beaten in a "private" trial race by his stablemate Humewood, but the form of the trial seemed less disappointing when Humewood defeated a strong field to win the Cesarewitch . At Newmarket in October, Kilwarlin was dropped back in distance and won the Challenge Stakes over seven furlongs at odds of 1/3. Kilwarlin's winnings in 1887 came to £5,090. At the end of the year an objection was raised by Merry Hampton's owner "Mr Abington" to Kilwarlin's St Leger victory on

1224-723: Was highly regarded before he appeared on a racecourse. He made a successful debut in summer when he was an easy winner of the Wynyard Plate at Stockton Racecourse at odds of 1/3 . He followed up shortly afterwards by winning the Harrington Stakes. At Newmarket Racecourse in October Kilwarlin started 1/20 favourite for the Bretby Stakes but was beaten by the filly Reve d'Or . His defeat looked more excusable when Reve d'Or defeated Enterprise to win

1260-658: Was matched against the 1886 English Triple Crown winner Ormonde in the Rous Memorial Stakes and finished second, beaten six lengths by his older rival. At the same meeting he finished second to the two-year-old Crowberry in the Queen's Stand Stakes over five furlongs and won the New Biennial Plate. In August Kilwarlin was sold for a reported 7,000 guineas by Machell to George Bridges Harley Dennett Rodney, 7th Baron Rodney . Lord Rodney had inherited

1296-504: Was subsequently pulled from the market. Some foals are born bay, but carry the dominant gene for graying, and thus will turn gray as they mature until eventually their hair coat is completely white. Foals that are going to become gray must have one parent that is gray. Some foals may be born with a few white hairs already visible around the eyes, muzzle, and other fine-haired, thin-skinned areas, but others may not show signs of graying until they are several months old. The bay color

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