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40-672: The Kim Il Sung Square is at the center of Pyongyang on the west bank of the Taedong River. It is similar in form and design to the Tiananmen Square in Beijing and is used for the same purposes. Since the completion of the square, multiple parades have been held to commemorate many different events and also to show the world the military capabilities of North Korea. The Kim Il Sung Square is architecturally more refined with its dramatic riverside setting. If an observer stands in

80-733: A busy marketplace, called "Chess Grid Streets", was developed in the large fenced square to the south of this gate. In 1860, during the Second Opium War , when British and French troops occupied Beijing, they pitched camp near the gate and briefly considered burning down the gate and the Forbidden City. Ultimately, they decided to spare the Forbidden City and instead burn down the Old Summer Palace . The Xianfeng Emperor eventually agreed to let Western powers barrack troops – and later establish diplomatic missions – in

120-587: A crackdown by the People's Liberation Army . Following the crackdown, many of the student leaders escaped to the United States with the help of foreign intelligence agencies and other parties through Operation Yellowbird . The urban context of the square was altered in the 1990s with the construction of National Grand Theater in its vicinity and the expansion of the National Museum. Used as

160-511: A park around the remaining sections of the Imperial City wall. Plans were drawn up to gradually move out institutions occupying various historical buildings. In 2004, a 1984 ordinance relating to building height and planning restriction was renewed to establish the Imperial City area and the northern city area as a buffer zone for the Forbidden City. In 2005, a proposal was released to include the Imperial City and Beihai as extension items to

200-606: A plan was drafted to move the capital to Beijing. In 1406, construction of the Forbidden City began, copying the layout of the existing palaces in Nanjing. The new imperial palace was placed in the site of Yuan palace. Earth dug up from construction of the moat were used to construct Jingshan Hill to the north of the imperial palace. On the basis of the Yuan Imperial City, the area was expanded to encompass

240-577: A time when Deng Xiaoping was still consolidating power and China had suffered a rebuff in a border war with Vietnam early in the year. By 1984, with the situation much improved and stabilized, the PRC held a military parade for the first time since 1959. The aftermath of the Tiananmen Square massacre prevented any such activities in October 1989, but military parades have been held in 1999 and 2009, on

280-636: A venue for mass gatherings since its creation, its flatness is contrasted by both the 38-meter (125 ft)-high "Monument to the People's Heroes" and the "Mausoleum of Mao Zedong". The square lies between two ancient, massive gates: the Tiananmen to the north and the Zhengyangmen, known as Qianmen , to the south. Along the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the People. Along the east side

320-710: Is a city square in the city center of Beijing , China , named after the Tiananmen (" Gate of Heavenly Peace ") located to its north, which separates it from the Forbidden City . The square contains the Monument to the People's Heroes , the Great Hall of the People , the National Museum of China , and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong . Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China in

360-653: Is a strict censorship of knowledge of the crackdowns by the Chinese Communist Party . The Tiananmen ("Gate of Heavenly Peace"), a gate in the wall of the Imperial City , was built in 1417 during the Ming dynasty . During the 17th century, fighting between Li Zicheng 's rebel forces and the forces of the Manchu -led Qing dynasty caused heavy damage to, or even destroyed, the gate. Tiananmen Square

400-401: Is the National Museum of China dedicated to Chinese history predating 1919. Erected in 1989, Liberty, a statue representing the western icon previously held her torch over the square. Since Dec 15, 2021, visitors must make a reservation before entering the square area. Tiananmen Square has been the site of a number of notable political events, student protests, and armed conflict. Among

440-404: The 50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China in 1999; the Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident in 2001; military displays and parades on the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China in 2009, and a terror attack in 2013 involving a vehicle that plowed into pedestrians . In 2023, police detained over 20 people, including Activist Alexandra Wong , on the 34th anniversary of

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480-637: The Eight Banners as residential land. Likewise, apart from a small number of warehouses, the eastern parts of the Imperial City were also given to members of the Eight Banners as residential land. To the collection of temples in the Imperial City was added a Catholic church on the western shore of Zhongnanhai. After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, the Republic of China government took over

520-499: The Forbidden City at its center. It refers to the collection of gardens, shrines, and other service areas between the Forbidden City and the Inner City of ancient Beijing. The Imperial City was surrounded by a wall and accessed through seven gates and it includes historical places such as the Forbidden City, Tiananmen , Zhongnanhai , Beihai Park , Zhongshan Park , Jingshan , Imperial Ancestral Temple , and Xiancantan . In

560-539: The Yuan dynasty , Beijing was known as Dadu , and the Imperial City formed the centre of the city. In 1368, the Ming armies conquered Dadu, and changed its name to "Beiping" (the two characters meaning "north" and "peace" or "pacified"), with the capital moved to Nanjing . Because the Imperial City was untouched by battle, most of the Imperial City survived the war; however, in 1369, the Hongwu Emperor ordered that

600-458: The 50th and 60th anniversaries of the PRC's founding. One year after Mao's death, a mausoleum was built near the site of the former Gate of China along the main north–south axis of the square. In connection with this project, the square was further increased in size to become fully rectangular and being able to accommodate 600,000 people. In 1989, Tiananmen Square was the site of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests that culminated in violence and

640-516: The Corridor of a Thousand Steps was demolished to make way for Zhongshan Park, named after Sun Yat-sen . In 1915, in order to improve traffic, much of the wall surrounding the Imperial City was demolished except the southern wall along Chang’an Avenue . After the capital was moved to Nanjing, Zhongnanhai became a public park. In 1949, the People's Republic of China was established in Beijing. In

680-638: The Forbidden City are the Imperial Shrine of Family or Imperial Ancestral Temple and Altar of Earth and Harvests . Further to the south was the "Corridor of a Thousand Steps" outside Chengtianmen Gate, to either side of which are the offices of the various government ministries. There are seven gates in the walls of the Imperial City. To the south is the Great Ming Gate (later renamed the Great Qing Gate, Gate of China ). Behind

720-811: The Great Ming Gate was the Chengtianmen Gate, (later renamed the Tian'anmen, "Gate of Heavenly Peace"). To either side of the Chengtianmen were the Left Chang'an Gate and the Right Chang'an Gate. To the east was Dong'anmen Gate ("Gate of Eastern Peace"); to the west was the Xi'anmen Gate ("Gate of Western Peace"). To the north was Bei'anmen (later renamed the Di'anmen , "Gate of Earthly Peace"). Also housed in

760-469: The Imperial City were a number of service buildings for the imperial palace, warehouses, Taoist temples, and a palace for the Imperial Grandson. After the fall of the Ming dynasty , the rulers of the Qing removed most of the service buildings. Apart from a narrow area surrounding the lakes of Zhongnanhai and Beihai, the western parts of the Imperial City were given to princes and members of

800-704: The Imperial City, a remnant from Mongol Yuan rule over China, be demolished. In 1370, the Hongwu Emperor's fourth son Zhu Di was created Prince of Yan, with seat in Beiping. In 1379 he built a princely palace within the Yuan Imperial City. In 1399, Zhu Di launched a coup d'état and ascended to the throne to become Yongle Emperor in 1402. In 1403, the name of Beiping was changed to Beijing (literally "the Northern Capital"), and in 1406

840-591: The Imperial City. Zhongnanhai was, for a time, converted into the Presidential Palace for Beiyang Government . The Imperial Ancestral Temple became a part of the Palace Museum. Beihai and Jingshan became public parks. Most of the former temples and imperial warehouses gradually became private residences. In 1912, during a coup by warlord Cao Kun , the Dong'anmen gate was destroyed by fire. In 1914,

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880-577: The People's Republic of China (PRC), the Great Hall of the People and the Revolutionary History Museum (now the National Museum of China ) were erected on the western and eastern sides of the square. For the first decade of the PRC, each National Day (October 1) was marked by a large military parade in Tiananmen Square, in conscious emulation of the annual Soviet celebrations of the Bolshevik Revolution. After

920-528: The annual ‘anti-US’ rally event in 2018. In 2017, the protests that were held in Kim Il Sung Square were supposedly attended by 100,000 people. Furthermore, North Korea issued special anti-US postage stamps in 2017. The old ceremonial grandstand on the square's south side was renovated in 2020. Tiananmen Square This is an accepted version of this page Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square ( / ˈ t j ɛ n ə n m ə n / )

960-751: The area, hence there was the Legation Quarter immediately to the east of the square. When the forces of the Eight-Nation Alliance besieged Beijing during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, they badly damaged the office complexes and burnt down several ministries. After the Boxer Rebellion ended, the area became a space for the Eight-Nation Alliance to assemble their military forces. In Beijing, Tiananmen

1000-426: The bloody Tiananmen Square crackdown for "breaching the peace". 39°54′12″N 116°23′30″E  /  39.90333°N 116.39167°E  / 39.90333; 116.39167 Imperial City, Beijing The Imperial City ( Chinese : 北京皇城 ; pinyin : Běijīng Huángchéng ; lit. 'Beijing Imperial City') is a section of the city of Beijing in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with

1040-594: The buildings surrounding the square, but were taken down sometime in 2012. During Kim Jong Il 's rule, only Kim Il Sung hung on these buildings, although his portrait on the building below the flag of the DPRK was removed. When Kim Jong-il died , his portrait was added to the buildings in commemoration. After the Singapore Trump-Kim summit in 2018, North Korea removed the anti- American imperialism propaganda in Kim Il Sung Square. Also, North Korea cancelled

1080-430: The crackdown, a man, dubbed Tank Man , was photographed obstructing a column of tanks on Chang'an Avenue near the square. Other notable events included annual mass military displays on each anniversary of the 1949 proclamation until October 1, 1959; the 1984 military parade for the 35th anniversary of the People's Republic of China which coincided with the ascendancy of Deng Xiaoping ; military displays and parades on

1120-688: The disaster of the Great Leap Forward, the CCP decided to cut costs and have only smaller annual National Day celebrations in addition to a large celebration with a military parade every 10 years. However, the chaos of the Cultural Revolution almost prevented such an event from taking place on National Day in 1969 but did take place in 1966 and 1970. In 1971, large portraits of Karl Marx , Friedrich Engels , Vladimir Lenin , Joseph Stalin , Sun Yat-sen , and Mao Zedong were erected in

1160-522: The lakes of Zhongnanhai and Beihai and a significant area beyond. The Imperial City centres on the Forbidden City. To the west of the Forbidden City are the Zhongnanhai and Beihai , which were surrounded by imperial gardens and collectively known as the Western Park or Xiyuan. To the north of the Forbidden City is Jingshan Park contains Jingshan Hill and Shouhuang Hall. To the south of

1200-496: The most notable events that have occurred on Tiananmen Square were protests during the May Fourth Movement in 1919, the proclamation of the People's Republic of China by Mao Zedong on October 1, 1949, the Tiananmen Square protests in 1976 after the death of Zhou Enlai , and the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre after the death of Hu Yaobang , which was suppressed in a military crackdown. Shortly after

1240-494: The next few years, Gate of China, Left Chang'an Gate, Right Chang'an Gate, the three remaining eastern and western gates, and Di'anmen were demolished. Zhongnanhai became the presidential palace of the new government, housing the central headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council of the People's Republic of China . Many of the surviving buildings in the former garden were demolished. The area to

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1280-540: The square are a number of government buildings, with the Great People's Study House located at the east end of the square. At the south end are two flag poles which were installed in 2013 for use in national events. Under the square, there is a department store selling products such as toys. Kim Il Sung Square is the " kilometre zero " of North Korea from where all national road distances are measured. Portraits of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin once hung on one of

1320-635: The square on October 1, 1949; the anniversary of this event is still observed there. The size of Tiananmen Square is 765 x 282 meters (215,730 m or 53.31 acres). It has great cultural significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history. Outside China, the square is best known for the 1989 protests and massacre that ended with a military crackdown due to international media coverage, internet and global connectivity, its political implications, and other factors. Within China, there

1360-471: The square the largest and most spectacular in the world and intended to hold over 500,000 people. In that process, a large number of residential buildings and other structures were demolished. On its southern edge, the Monument to the People's Heroes has been erected. Concomitantly, as part of the Ten Great Buildings constructed between 1958 and 1959 to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of

1400-478: The square, painted by artist Ge Xiaoguang , who is also responsible for producing the famous portrait of Mao that hangs over the Gate of Heavenly Peace. In 1980, with the downgrading of political ideology following Mao's death, the portraits were taken down and thenceforth only brought out on Labor Day (May 1) and National Day. Ten years later, in 1979, the CCP again decided against a large-scale celebration, coming at

1440-704: The square, the Tower of the Juche Idea on the opposite bank appears to be located directly towards the west end of the square, although it is actually across the Taedong River , as with the Workers' Party Monument and the Mansudae Grand Monument . This optical effect is created because the square is a few meters lower in the center when compared to the side near the Taedong River. Surrounding

1480-464: The west of Beihai Park were occupied by the Department of Defence, with a large office building now dominating the park skyline. Most of the temples in the Imperial City were occupied by units of the People's Liberation Army . Some of these buildings remain occupied and are in severe disrepair. In recent decade, the Beijing municipal government has restored several of these temples, and established

1520-507: Was a purely ceremonial gateway, with three arches but no ramparts, similar in style to the ceremonial gateways found in the Ming tombs . This gate had a special status as the "Gate of the Nation", as can be seen from its successive names. It normally remained closed, except when the emperor passed through. Commoner traffic was diverted to side gates at the western and eastern ends of the square, respectively. Because of this diversion in traffic,

1560-582: Was designed and built in 1651 and was enlarged fourfold in the 1950s. The gate historically known as the "Great Ming Gate", the southern gate to the Imperial City stands near the center of the square. It was renamed the "Great Qing Gate" during the Qing dynasty, and the " Gate of China " during the Republican era . Unlike the other gates in Beijing, such as the Tiananmen and the Zhengyang Gate , this

1600-536: Was re-developed from an insular imperial quarter to a larger public space viewed as consistent socialist political. Over the 1950s, the square was quadrupled in size. In 1954, the Gate of China was demolished to allow for the enlargement of the square. In November 1958, a major expansion of Tiananmen Square started, which was completed after only 11 months, in August 1959. This followed the vision of Mao Zedong to make

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