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178-454: On the right bank, the bridge was starting at the Sava Port, in the neighborhood of Savamala , a transportation and commercial hub and one of the busiest parts of Belgrade in that period. On the left bank, the bridge entered the still marshy and un-urbanized area where New Belgrade was built after 1948. The bridge continued into the road which connected Belgrade to Zemun, its outer suburb at

356-642: A decree that "merchants and trade agents must settle along the Sava". Rajović tried to hire Joseph Felber, an architect from Zemun , to design the new neighborhood, but he failed, and Nikola Živković, known as Hadži-Neimar , took over. Next to the Đumrukana, the Consulate Building was built. All consuls residing in Belgrade at the time were seated there. The 60 m (200 ft) elongated building later became Hotel Kragujevac. Both buildings domineered

534-686: A separate city until the time of the Lombard invasions. The ruins of Cemenelum are in Cimiez , now a district of Nice. In the 7th century, Nice joined the Genoese League formed by the towns of Liguria . In 729 the city repulsed the Saracens ; but in 859 and again in 880 the Saracens pillaged and burned it, and for most of the 10th century remained masters of the surrounding country. During

712-611: A single span across the river of at least 250 m (820 ft) so that it wouldn't present an obstacle for the ships passing to the port and turning around under the bridge. Construction began in July 1930 and was built by a joint venture of the German Gutehoffnungshütte (GHH), executing the steel works, and the French company Société de Construction des Batignolles , performing all other works. The total length of

890-405: A stabbing attack killed three people at the local Notre-Dame de Nice . One of the victims, a woman, was beheaded by the attacker. Several additional victims were injured. The attacker, who was shot by the police, was taken into custody. The Islamic state claimed responsibility for both attacks. In 2021, the city was proclaimed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO as "Nice, Winter Resort Town of

1068-473: A state coat of arms in bronze, 3.5 m (11 ft) tall, was to be placed. The project remained on paper as was deemed too expensive at the time. The bridge was revered after it was finished. It has been described as "gorgeous", "one of the most important object ever built in Belgrade" and "hanging colossus". Labeled as the "major building project during the Interbellum ", it was praised for having both

1246-494: A territorial reward for French assistance in the Second Italian War of Independence against Austria , which saw Lombardy united with Piedmont-Sardinia . King Victor-Emmanuel II, on 1 April 1860, solemnly asked the population to accept the change of sovereignty, in the name of Italian unity, and the cession was ratified by a regional referendum . Italophile manifestations and the acclamation of an "Italian Nice" by

1424-530: A truck was deliberately driven into a crowd of people by Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel on the Promenade des Anglais . The crowd was watching a fireworks display in celebration of Bastille Day . A total of 87 people were killed, including the perpetrator, who was shot dead by police. Another 434 were injured, with 52 in critical care and 25 in intensive care, according to the Paris prosecutor. On 29 October 2020,

1602-572: A well-defended city gate on the main road from Turin . In 1388, the commune placed itself under the protection of the Counts of Savoy . Nice participated – directly or indirectly – in the history of Savoy until 1860. The maritime strength of Nice now rapidly increased until it was able to cope with the Barbary pirates ; the fortifications were largely extended and the roads to the city improved. In 1561 Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy abolished

1780-561: Is a bay of the Mediterranean in Nice. Before Nice was urbanised, the coastline at Nice was just bordered by a deserted stretch of shingle beach (covered with large pebbles). The first houses were located on higher ground well away from the sea, as wealthy tourists visiting Nice in the 18th century did not come for the beach, but for the gentle winter weather. The areas close to the water were home to Nice's dockworkers and fishermen. In

1958-725: Is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million on an area of 744 km (287 sq mi). Located on the French Riviera , the southeastern coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea , at the foot of the French Alps , Nice is the second-largest French city on

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2136-411: Is deliberately destroying the house in order to obtain the parcel, enhanced with several plans for the lot already laid by some private companies. The house is not protected and no one applied during the restitution process to claim it. In 2019, city selected a design for the cultural and multipurpose building at No. 13, on the location of the former Đumrukana. In March 2022 another building, at No. 15,

2314-642: Is described as the representative example of the pre-1914 academism architecture in Belgrade. In November 2021, city announced building's renovation. Complete renovation of the remaining section of the street, from the Branko's Bridge to the Sava Square was announced, as a possibility, for 2023, or concurrently with the construction of the new bridge, the Savamala-Palilula tunnel, and the roundabout which should connect them all. Linear Park It

2492-429: Is located. In 1930, the society announced international design competition which resulted in 129 designs (79 from Germany, 18 from Austria, 15 from Yugoslavia, and the rest from Switzerland, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Hungary). The project of German architect Josef Wenzler was chosen. He planned a monumental, three- naves basilica , 65 m (213 ft) long and 36 m (118 ft) wide. Total floor area

2670-785: Is named after Giuseppe Garibaldi , hero of the Italian unification (born in Nice in 1807 when Nice was part of the Napoleonic Empire, before reverting to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia). The square was built at the end of the 18th century and served as the entry gate to the city and end of the road from Turin. It took several names between 1780 and 1870 (Plaça Pairoulièra, Place de la République, Place Napoléon, Place d'Armes, Place Saint-Augustin, Piazza Vittorio) and finally Place Garibaldi in September 1870. A statue of Garibaldi, who

2848-556: Is the historical capital city of the County of Nice ( French : Comté de Nice , Niçard: Countèa de Nissa ). The first known hominid settlements in the Nice area date back about 400,000 years ( homo erectus ); the Terra Amata archeological site shows one of the earliest uses of fire, construction of houses, as well as flint findings dated to around 230,000 years ago. Nice was probably founded around 350 BC by colonists from

3026-526: Is the house at No. 7, projected by Konstantin Jovanović and built in c.1890, basically abandoned and squatted since the war ended. It was a home of the philologist Katarina Jovanović . Already dilapidated, it was further damaged in the fire in June 2019. A 20-years old woman was arrested for arson. In January 2020 the house burned again, with only the outer wall surviving. This prompted speculations that someone

3204-488: The Branko's bridge . That means it encompasses the neighborhoods of Zeleni Venac and Terazijska Terasa . On his voyage from Constantinople to London, English traveler Peter Mundy visited Belgrade in 1620. He noted that the bank of the Sava below Belgrade was filled with gristmills and counted 35 of them. Mundy described the watermills as "nice looking", both inside and outside. They appeared as regular houses, except for

3382-643: The French colonies , Morocco and North and South America. After July 1940 and the establishment of the Vichy Regime , antisemitic aggressions accelerated the exodus, starting in July 1941 and continuing through 1942. On 26 August 1942, 655 Jews of foreign origin were rounded up by the Laval government and interned in the Auvare barracks. Of these, 560 were deported to Drancy internment camp on 31 August 1942. Due to

3560-656: The Middle Ages , Nice participated in the wars and history of Italy . As an ally of Pisa it was the enemy of Genoa , and both the King of France and the Holy Roman Emperor endeavoured to subjugate it; but in spite of this it maintained its municipal liberties. During the 13th and 14th centuries the city fell more than once into the hands of the Counts of Provence , but it regained its independence even though related to Genoa. The medieval city walls surrounded

3738-632: The Promenade des Anglais followed by a hairpin turn at the Hotel Negresco to come back eastward and around the Jardin Albert I before heading again east along the beach on the Quai des Etats-Unis. As war broke out in September 1939, Nice became a city of refuge for many displaced foreigners, notably Jews fleeing the Nazi progression into Eastern Europe. From Nice many sought further shelter in

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3916-507: The Reichsbrücke collapsed due to the structural failure on 1 August 1976. The deadline for the completion was 8 June 1933, but this deadline was prolonged several times for various reasons. The 1931 Hoover Moratorium by the US president Herbert Hoover , suspended the reparation payments, so the procurement of iron construction was delayed. There were major issues with the expropriation of

4094-584: The Romanesque architecture with details from the Byzantine architecture which Krasnov deemed appropriate for the, otherwise, massive pylons on which the bridge was constructed. One of the sources for the decorative elements was heraldry . Krasnov scrapped the original idea of carving the personal, dynastic heraldic symbols and ornamented the façades with the state symbols, including total of 8 Yugoslav coats of arms. In 1935 Krasnov made additional plans for

4272-650: The Saint Andrew's Day Assembly in 1858-1859 and served as the temporary theatrical scene from 1857 to 1862 after the demolition of Đumrukana. It was later acquired by the Vajfert family , until the building was demolished in 1935. Interior minister Nikola Hristić ordered demolition of the Sava Gate in June 1862 during the Čukur Fountain incident with the Ottomans. Later that year, the remaining Ottomans from

4450-530: The Sajmište concentration camp during World War II, today it is known as the neighborhood of Staro Sajmište . As it was the only road bridge across the Sava, the Germans needed a bridge for transportation of the troops, wounded, military equipment and raw materials from central into the south Europe. Originally, they constructed the pontoon bridge on the boats, right next to the south of the demolished bridge, where

4628-560: The Tramway de Nice electrified its horse-drawn streetcars and spread its network to the entire département from Menton to Cagnes-sur-Mer . By the 1930s more bus connections were added in the area. In the 1930s, Nice hosted international car racing in the Formula Libre (predecessor to Formula One ) on the so-called Circuit Nice. The circuit started along the waterfront just south of the Jardin Albert I, then headed westward along

4806-772: The commune . Conquered in 1792 by the armies of the First French Republic , the County of Nice continued to be part of France until 1814; but after that date it reverted to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia . After the Treaty of Turin was signed in 1860 between the Sardinian king and Napoleon III as a consequence of the Plombières Agreement , the county was again and definitively ceded to France as

4984-485: The "Paranos Han". It was a city within the city, with shops, kafanas, rooms for rent, storages and stables. Next to it, a modern "Evropa" hotel was built. By 1862, economic output of Savamala overtook the economy in the old, "within the trench" section of Belgrade. That year, the marble cross dedicated the fallen soldier during the 1806 liberation of Belgrade from the Ottomans in the First Serbian Uprising

5162-614: The 1960s by the new authorities. In June 2020 it was announced that the decorative coats of arms will be recreated on the pylons. Starting in the 2010s, some civil organizations continuously promoted the idea of restoring the original appearance of the bridge and for returning the bridge's original name. Symbolically, the Bridge of King Alexander still exists today, in the form of Sava Bridge in Kraljevo , in central Serbia, 200 km (120 mi) away from its original location. Using parts of

5340-458: The Beautiful', which is also the title of the unofficial anthem of Nice, written by Menica Rondelly in 1912. The area of today's Nice contains Terra Amata , an archaeological site which displays evidence of a very early use of fire 380,000 years ago. Around 350 BC, Greeks of Marseille founded a permanent settlement and called it Nikaia , after Nike , the goddess of victory. Through the ages,

5518-813: The Central Tower. Designed by the architects Milivoje Tričković, Rajko Tatić and Đorđe Lukić, it was envisioned as the monumental modern complex, with the Central Tower as the domineering motif. Around it, pavilions for the exhibitions were built: five Yugoslav, one for the “Nikola Spasić Foundation” and national pavilions of Italy, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary and the Dutch company Philips . The complex included: 17,000 m (180,000 sq ft) of roofed exhibition space, 20,000 m (220,000 sq ft) of open exhibition space, 25,000 m (270,000 sq ft) of lawns and flower beds and 22,000 m (240,000 sq ft) of roads and paths. Turned into

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5696-587: The European aristocracy and the resulting mix of cultures found in the city, UNESCO proclaimed Nice a World Heritage Site in 2021. The city has the second largest hotel capacity in the country, and it is the second most visited metropolis in Metropolitan France , receiving four million tourists every year. It also has the third busiest airport in France, after the two main Parisian ones. It

5874-792: The Great Military Hospital ( Terazije - Tašmajdan ). Central street in the settlement was the Tefderdarska Street, after the Tefder Mosque. In the early 20th century, with several other streets, it will be transformed into the Karađorđeva Street, which remains the central thoroughfare of the modern neighborhood. Several distinct neighborhoods developed in Lower Serbian Town, with names like "Preka Mahala", section "Kraj Save" ("at Sava", where

6052-715: The Greek city of Phocaea in western Anatolia . It was given the name of Níkaia ( Νίκαια ) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring Ligurians (people from the northwest of Italy , probably the Vediantii kingdom); Nike ( Νίκη ) was the Greek goddess of victory. The city soon became one of the busiest trading ports on the Ligurian coast; but it had an important rival in the Roman town of Cemenelum , which continued to exist as

6230-463: The Karađorđeva which is only 7 m (23 ft) wide and already constantly clogged with traffic. With other "unfathomable slips in design", the project has been labeled a "shame for designers". With continued criticism of the design (including the tourist workers who pointed out the inadequacy of the project as at some days, there are 15-16 buses needed to transport the tourists from the port, while

6408-551: The King Peter II ). Military commander of Belgrade, general Vojislav Nikolajević, was ordered to demolish them, and the order for the King Alexander Bridge was executed by major Velimir Piletić. The bridge was wired with the explosives on 11 April 1941. It was blown up during the night and went out of service but apart from failing to stop the occupying army, the demolition directly caused a lethal accident. As

6586-402: The Ligurian towns of Ventimiglia , Bordighera and Ospedaletti , giving rise to a local branch of the movement of the Italian irredentists which considered the re-acquisition of Nice to be one of their nationalist goals. Giuseppe Garibaldi , born in Nice, strongly opposed the cession to France, arguing that the ballot was rigged by the French. Furthermore, for the niçard general his hometown

6764-570: The Little Market was withering by this time. In terms of architecture, it was completely surrounded by the massive, sturdy buildings, while economically, the business moved into the surrounding banks, monetary funds and major commercial companies. When construction of the Bristol Hotel began in 1910, the market was completely closed. In 1911, Ljubomir Krsmanović announced construction of the four-storey building facing three streets, which

6942-646: The Mediterranean coast and second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille . Nice is approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) from the principality of Monaco and 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the French–Italian border . Nice's airport serves as a gateway to the region. The city is nicknamed Nice la Belle ( Nissa La Bella in Niçard), meaning 'Nice

7120-584: The Mercedes car company, film director Louis Feuillade , poet Agathe-Sophie Sasserno , dancer Carolina Otero , Asterix comics creator René Goscinny , The Phantom of the Opera author Gaston Leroux , French prime minister Léon Gambetta , and the first president of the International Court of Justice José Gustavo Guerrero . Because of its historical importance as a winter resort town for

7298-497: The Nice area and its mild Mediterranean climate came to the attention of the English upper classes in the second half of the 18th century, when an increasing number of aristocratic families began spending their winters there. In 1931, following its refurbishment, the city's main seaside promenade, the Promenade des Anglais ("Walkway of the English"), was inaugurated by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught ; it owes its name to visitors to

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7476-649: The Old Town. The landward side was protected by the River Paillon , which was later covered over and is now the tram route towards the Acropolis. The east side of the town was protected by fortifications on Castle Hill . Another river flowed into the port on the east side of Castle Hill. Engravings suggest that the port area was also defended by walls. Under Monoprix in Place de Garibaldi are excavated remains of

7654-464: The Opera, was immediately abolished and replaced by French. Discontent over annexation to France led to the emigration of a large part of the Italophile population, also accelerated by Italian unification after 1861. A quarter of the population of Nice, around 11,000 people from Nice, decided to voluntarily exile to Italy. The emigration of a quarter of the Niçard Italians to Italy took the name of Niçard exodus . Many Italians from Nizza then moved to

7832-428: The Palace of Ljubomir Krsmanović or the Sava Nymph. At the end of the first, short-lived Austro-Hungarian occupation of Belgrade in 1914, Savamala was the location of the frantic evacuation of the occupational forces on 15 December 1914. Originally marching in lines, the soldiers turned into the madding crowd running in disarray. They used ferries to reach the other side of the Sava, taking valuables they plundered. Due to

8010-407: The Riviera". On 18 July 2024, seven people from the same family, including three young children, three adults and a teenager were killed in an arson attack . The fire also critically injured one other person and caused thirty other people to suffer from smoke inhalation . The Promenade des Anglais ("Walkway of the English") is a promenade along the Baie des Anges ("Bay of the Angels"), which

8188-476: The Royal Army was in a disarray, they blew up the bridge while the tugboat Tanasko Rajić was towing the military transport ship Korana with Yugoslav soldiers, transporting them to the reserve position in the village of Ostružnica , downstream the Sava. Not seeing the ships in the pitch dark, the military engineers blew up the bridge and the construction fell directly on the ships, killing 95 out of 110 soldiers and crew members. Though unusable since April 1941,

8366-409: The Sava Square and the railway station, to the Belgrade Fortress. In order to straighten and extend the street, the city purchased the Paranos estate and demolished the "Paranos Han". Belgrade Cooperative purchased the estate of the Krsmanović brothers in order to build their own building, so the construction of buildings and palaces along the Karađorđeva continued. Building of the Belgrade Cooperative

8544-552: The Savamala Day. Mixer House, moved to Savamala in 2012 from the neighborhood of Dorćol and organize regular Mixer House Festival which has over 10,000 visitors. The festival consists of movies, musical and artistic performances, lectures and exhibitions. The Urban Incubator turned the "Spanish House" into a pavilion where they coordinated workshops, exhibitions, literary nights and seminars about architecture, urbanism, design, arts and culture. Mixer House announced that it will move back to Dorćol in May 2017. The reason they cited

8722-437: The Savamala, who lived in the area of Liman and around the Sherif Mosque. moved into the fortress, and the mosque, as the last remaining Ottoman object in the neighborhood, was demolished. Also in 1862, contractor Joseph Steinlechner was summoned by the prince to build the stairs ("Great Stairs"), which connected Savamala with Kosančičev Venac. Merchant Rista Paranos purchased the "Kovačević Han" in 1867 and reconstructed it into

8900-400: The Savska Jalija. A building of the Ministry of Transportation was later built next to it. For the most part it had no permanent market stalls and the goods were sold directly of the carts. Construction began in the 1830s as ordered by the prince Miloš Obrenović, after a popular pressure to build a Serbian settlement outside the fortress and the Turkish settlement. Prince Miloš ordered for

9078-488: The activity of the Jewish banker Angelo Donati and of the Capuchin friar Père Marie-Benoît the local authorities hindered the application of anti-Jewish Vichy laws. The first résistants to the new regime were a group of high school seniors of the Lycée de Nice, now Lycée Masséna  [ fr ] , in September 1940, later arrested and executed in 1944 near Castellane . The first public demonstrations occurred on 14 July 1942 when several hundred protesters took to

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9256-433: The already existing community and just south of the Zemun's section of the bridge. The foundation stone was ceremonially set by the king Alexander I of Yugoslavia on 6 June 1937. It was built in three months and the facility was open on 11 September 1937. It was the site of the new Belgrade fair (hence the name) with modern and artistic buildings and constructions, including high metal spike construction, which became known as

9434-411: The area, used the mud from the bog to make roof tiles. They lived in small huts or caravans (called "čerge"), between the high grass and rush , with their horses and water buffaloes grazing freely in the area. As most of the huts were actually stilt houses , built on piles due to the marshy land, the area was gradually named Bara Venecija (" Venice pond"). By 1884 the bog was drained and buried under

9612-427: The baseline for the future development of both old and new parts of Belgrade. The area between these two points, described as "two basal foundations", was to be spanned with nine urban blocks, spreading on both sides of the Sava. Railway station itself was to preserve its function, with additional overhaul which would make it look like the largest railways stations in Europe ("large lace made of glass and steel"). Savamala

9790-445: The boat-shaped bows . Windmills were placed on large barges. The ropes which tied them to the bank were made of intertwined wicker , while the buckets filled with stones served as anchors. The barges were aptly made from dressed timber held together only by wooden stakes, without any iron parts. Next to the barges were small boats which held the other side of the axle which was spinning the mill wheel . The watermills were constructed in

9968-450: The bridge Zemunski most ("Zemun Bridge",) Viseći most ("Hanging Bridge") or Lančani most ("Chain Bridge"). In the early 1934, the idea of placing statues on two pylons emerged. Sculptor Ivan Meštrović proposed four horsemen, two on each pylon on two sides of the bridge. The horsemen were to represent Serbian Emperor Dušan , Croatian King Tomislav , Bosnian King Tvrtko and Serbian King Peter I . Dušan and Peter were to be placed on

10146-410: The bridge already began, even physically blocking the access to the bridge's construction site. The joining of the last parts of the iron construction was finished in November 1933, but it took another year to finish the access roads. A sandy beach with the cabins, kafanas and barracks, used as sheds by the fishermen, occupied the area where the access ramp was to be built on the left, Zemun's side. It

10324-418: The bridge four times. The bridge was officially opened on 16 December 1934. King Alexander , after whom the bridge was named, was assassinated on 9 October 1934 in Marseilles , France , so the bridge was open by the Prince Regent Paul . By the 1931 census Belgrade had a population of 266,849 while the west bank was not urbanized yet and still some 150,000 citizens crossed the bridge on the opening day. Roš

10502-416: The bridge to the Main Railway Station was wealthier and more representative, with palaces and luxurious façades. With additional reconstructions, this part of the street was transformed into the proper boulevard with greenery. Section from the bridge to the fortress was mostly occupied by the family houses, trade and hospitality objects, and port facilities. As the first building in Belgrade with elevators ,

10680-422: The bridge was 474.7 m (1,557 ft). The main construction of the bridge spawned over 411 m (1,348 ft) across the river, with the main span being 261 m (856 ft) long. The bridge was modeled after the Mülheim Bridge over the Rhine , in Cologne , Germany. The third "twin", based on almost the same project was built in Vienna , Austria , crossing the Danube . The second incarnation of

10858-399: The bridge was completed and the permanent road link established, Zemun lost its separate town status to Belgrade in 1934. Also in 1934 city plans were expanded to include the creation of a new urban tissue which would connected Belgrade and Zemun. In the 1930s members of Belgrade's affluent elite began to buy land from the villagers of Bežanija , which at that time administratively spread all

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11036-421: The central tympanum of the front façade. It has distinctive figures of Atlas on its side, two artificial stone sculptures at the entrance (male, holding a flywheel , and female, holding the railway's symbol), and numerous other stone sculptures by Toma Rosandić , Dragomir Arambašić , Živojin Lukić , Lojze Dolinar and Risto Stijović . The building was declared a cultural monument in 2007. Already after

11214-420: The city back to the Duke of Savoy, who was on that same occasion recognised as King of Sicily. In the peaceful years which followed, the "new town" was built. From 1744 until the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) the French and Spaniards were again in possession. In 1775 the king, who in 1718 had swapped his sovereignty of Sicily for the Kingdom of Sardinia, destroyed all that remained of the ancient liberties of

11392-403: The city in smoke. When the main Ottoman army landed, a large number of Serbs got stranded on the bank in Savamala, trying to flee across the river into Austria. Men were massacred, while women and children were enslaved. All over the city heads on a spike appeared, and people were impaled on stakes along all city roads. When Ottoman Grand Vizier Hurshid Pasha arrived in Belgrade, he declared

11570-472: The city include: The Place Masséna is the main square of the city. Before the Paillon River was covered over, the Pont-Neuf was the only practicable way between the old town and the modern one. The square was thus divided into two parts (North and South) in 1824. With the demolition of the Masséna Casino in 1979, the Place Masséna became more spacious and less dense and is now bordered by red ochre buildings of Italian architecture . The recent rebuilding of

11748-479: The city is referred to as the "Zone Piétonne", or "Pedestrian Zone". Cars are not allowed (with exception to delivery trucks), making this avenue a popular walkway. Old Nice is also home to the Opéra de Nice . It was constructed at the end of the 19th century under the design of François Aune, to replace King Charles Félix's Maccarani Theater. Today, it is open to the public and provides a regular program of performances. Other sights include: Religious buildings in

11926-406: The city urban tissue up to the "Sarajevska" Street. Another project, strongly pushed by the government at that time but highly unpopular as a concept, was the 1995 "Europolis project" which planned to cover entire section of Belgrade from Terazije to the Sava river with glass. It was a combination of several previous solutions and was launched by the ruling Socialist Party of Serbia in advance of

12104-453: The city. Frank Harris wrote several books including his autobiography My Life and Loves in Nice. Friedrich Nietzsche spent six consecutive winters in Nice, and wrote Thus Spoke Zarathustra there. Additionally, Russian writer Anton Chekhov completed his play Three Sisters while living in Nice. Nice's appeal extended to the Russian upper classes. Prince Nicholas Alexandrovich , heir apparent to Imperial Russia , died in Nice and

12282-403: The conventions of the time, when the Negresco first opened in 1913 its front opened on the side opposite the Mediterranean. Another place worth mentioning is the small street parallel to the Promenade des Anglais, leading from Nice's downtown, beginning at Place Masséna and running parallel to the promenade in the direction of the airport for a short distance of about four blocks. This section of

12460-401: The corner of modern Balkanska, Gavrila Principa and Admirala Geprata streets. It was called Princely or Great Brewery, or, because it was owned by princess Ljubica Obrenović , Ljubica's Brewery. It was the second brewery in Belgrade, after the Vajnhapl's Brewery from 1839, which precise location is unknown today (Vračar, Skadarlija). It also hosted kafana and large yard. The building later hosted

12638-449: The crowd are reported on this occasion. A plebiscite was voted on 15 and 16 April 1860. The opponents of annexation called for abstention, hence the very high abstention rate. The "yes" vote won 83% of registered voters throughout the county of Nice and 86% in Nice, partly thanks to pressure from the authorities. This is the result of a masterful operation of information control by the French and Piedmontese governments, in order to influence

12816-470: The decorations, in the aftermath of the King Alexander's assassination. The new project was focused on the pylons' girders , where the body of the bridge leaned on. Steel girders were to be coated with gold plated bronze with the royal crowns above them. On the horizontal crossbars the king's last words (now generally considered as being false) should be written: "Guard Yugoslavia". Between the words,

12994-526: The demolished bridge, engineers formed a smaller, but functional bridge, which was transported to Kraljevo and placed over the Ibar river . Savamala Savamala ( Serbian Cyrillic : Савамала ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade , the capital of Serbia . It is located in Belgrade's municipalities of Savski Venac and Stari Grad . Savamala is located south of the Kalemegdan fortress and

13172-406: The east pylons, and Tomislav and Tvrko on the west. The columns on which the horsemen were to be place, were imagined as being 22 m (72 ft) high, and with the pylons' height of 23 m (75 ft), the statues were supposed to be placed on the 45 m (148 ft) high pedestal. However, many architects, engineers and sculptors protested due to the several reasons: non-compliance during

13350-829: The eastern part have been demolished completely part by part because of the Belgrade Waterfront . Citizens proposed many changes (reconstruction of the towers on the Main Railway Station building demolished in World War II, restoration of the side domes on the Belgrade Cooperative building, reconstruction of the Hotel Wilson, preservation of the building at 7 Karađorđeva Street), but authorities accepted none. Citizens, architects and urbanists protested against Belgrade Waterfront, but

13528-497: The embankment in 1942. It was never finished, but some sections are still visible in the 2020s. Savamala was also heavily bombarded and partially demolished in the World War II . Demolished objects, some of which were left in ruins and torn down immediately after the war, include Đumrukana, King Alexander Bridge and Hotel Wilson. After 1948, state and city authorities favored the construction of New Belgrade so Savamala lost

13706-433: The entire Savamala population to be relocated to the village of Palilula, outside of the city. The order was issued on 13 February 1834 and Cvetko Rajović was appointed to oversee it. The residents refused to move. Irritated by the dragging on of his project, the prince gathered his henchmen and thugs and sent them to Savamala in 1835. As the settlement was still just a shanty town, with houses made of rotten wood and mud, all

13884-543: The entire city and was affordable only to the wealthiest ones. Still, some old ways, like selling watermelons and melons from the barges on the river survived. Having both the port and the railway by which visitors arrived, soon numerous hotels were built, both in Savamala and the Kosančićev Venac above it. Hotels Bosna and Bristol were built close to the port. There were also the hotels Solun and Petrograd , which

14062-679: The former Italian zone. Reprisals intensified between December 1943 and July 1944, when many partisans were tortured and executed by the local Gestapo . American paratroopers entered the city on 30 August 1944 and Nice was finally liberated. The consequences of the war were heavy: the population decreased by 15% and economic life was totally disrupted. In the second half of the 20th century, Nice enjoyed an economic boom primarily driven by tourism and construction. Two men dominated this period: Jean Médecin , mayor for 33 years from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and his son Jacques , mayor for 24 years from 1966 to 1990. Under their leadership, there

14240-518: The forthcoming elections. In 2008 city began preparatory work on the first official urban plan for Savamala, but it was going slow. Propositions included the turning of the Main Railway Station into the museum and Savamala as the location of the future opera house or the building of the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra . Any project would have to include the removal of the railways and the main train and bus stations. One of

14418-401: The full amnesty. However, he soon left, and Sulejman Pasha Skopljak took over Belgrade, even intensifying the terror. He issued an order that "people of Savamala can rebuild their houses, but of such size, that man has to stoop when entering". Things changed only in 1815 when Marashli Ali Pasha arrived in Belgrade. Marashli Ali Pasha, Ottoman vizier of Belgrade from 1815 to 1821, in 1817 by

14596-407: The graduation day, and threw their hats and books into the Sava. German invasion of Yugoslavia began on 6 April 1941 with the heavy aerial bombing, especially of Belgrade ( Operation "Retribution" ). In a vain attempt to halt the advancing German army, Royal Yugoslav Army decided to demolish all three bridges which existed in Belgrade at that time (other two were Old Railroad Bridge and Bridge of

14774-623: The hastiness and overcrowding, the ferries were capsizing in the wavy river as the "murky Sava was carrying away drowned soldiers". After the war, construction of the large buildings continued. The Palace of Rista Paranos was built 1922–1923, at 67 Karađorđeva Street. It is one of the rare examples of the Baltic Modern architecture , which flourished from 1900 to 1914, originating in Saint Petersburg and Helsinki , before spreading to Stockholm , Riga , Tallinn , etc. The palace

14952-485: The houses were demolished in one day, without any demolition equipment. The demolished neighborhood was then burned to the ground, either on the order of the prince, or on the request of the residents so that they wouldn't have to pay for the clearing of the locality. Prince Miloš relocated the city's port from the Danube to the Sava river and the customs house , called Đumrukana was built around 1835. The prince issued

15130-669: The importance it had. It became a transport hub and a transit route for commercial traffic which made it even less desirable neighborhood to live in due to the noise and air pollution. As a neglected neighborhood, in the 1960s Savamala became known for its local rascals, typical for the Belgrade at that time, when each neighborhood had ones. It had such a bad reputation that mothers would warn their misbehaving daughters that if they do not act nice, they will "marry them into Savamala". A 1959 plan envisioned urban axis Belgrade Main Railway Station (Savamala)- SIV Building (New Belgrade) as

15308-439: The important infrastructural and symbolic value as it was the first road bridge spawning the Sava, ending its purpose as the border river and marking the directions in which the city will develop. Belgrade and Zemun developed completely independently for centuries and for the most part during the history two towns belonged to two different states. Zemun became part of the same administrative unit as Belgrade on 4 October 1929. After

15486-402: The informal settlement of New Belgrade". Prior to that, the city already semi-officially recognized the new settlement, as it helped with building its streets and pathways. By 1939 it already had several thousands inhabitants, a representative in the city hall, and was unofficially called New Belgrade. In 1937, for the purpose of hosting Belgrade Fair , a complex of buildings was erected next to

15664-490: The institutions of the European Union. In 2003, local Chief Prosecutor Éric de Montgolfier alleged that some judicial cases involving local personalities had been suspiciously derailed by the local judiciary, which he suspected of having unhealthy contacts through Masonic lodges with the defendants. A controversial official report stated later that Montgolfier had made unwarranted accusations. On 14 July 2016,

15842-557: The interior and then rafted downstream to Belgrade. First inhabitants were settled in the early 18th century, during the 1717-1739 Austrian occupation of northern Serbia , when Austrians moved Christian population out of the Belgrade Fortress . In this period, Belgrade was divided by the governing Austrian authorities on 6 districts: Fortress, (Upper) Serbian Town (modern Kosančićev Venac), German Town (modern Dorćol ), Lower Serbian Town (Savamala), Karlstadt ( Palilula ) and

16020-487: The lots on the Belgrade side, where the access roads were to be built. The area was already fully urbanized and populated with buildings, but the problem was continuously postponed. Underground waters flooded the area in front of the State Printing House building. The problem existed before, but the works on draining the water and construction of the protective wall were conducted only after the construction of

16198-584: The massive building which hosted the Ministry of Transportation was built from 1927 to 1931. At modern 6 Nemanjina Street, and in front of the square-park Hajduk Veljkov Venac, designed by Svetozar Jovanović, it was the largest building in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the largest ministry building in the Balkans. Heavy fighting occurred around the building in October 1944, during the liberation of Belgrade, as it

16376-563: The military procession of 14 July (Bastille Day) or other traditional celebrations and banquets. The Place Masséna is a two-minute walk from the Promenade des Anglais , old town, town centre, and Albert I Garden ( Jardin Albert Ier ). It is also a large crossroads between several of the main streets of the city: avenue Jean Médecin , avenue Félix Faure , boulevard Jean Jaurès , avenue de Verdun and rue Gioffredo . The Place Garibaldi also stands out for its architecture and history. It

16554-610: The modern streets and squares of Terazije , King Milan's , Slavija , Nemanjina and Prince Miloš's . The entire area was known as Zapadni Vračar , but that name completely disappeared from usage, while as Savamala today is considered only a section along the Karađorđeva street. Today, the zone of "preventive protection Savamala" is bounded by the streets: Brankova , Kraljice Natalije , Dobrinjska , Admirala Geprata , Balkanska , Hajduk Veljkov venac , Sarajevska , Vojvode Milenka , Savska , Karađorđeva , Zemunski put and

16732-758: The most esteemed merchants in Belgrade began buying lots and building houses: the Krsmanović brothers, Rista Paranos, Konstantin Antul, Luka Ćelović and Đorđe Vučo. State financially supported the construction of 46 shops, administrative building of the State Council (future "Odeon" cinema), building of the Ministry of Finance with the Financial Park (since 2017 Park Gavrilo Princip ) and the Asencion Church . The first foreign consulate in Belgrade

16910-601: The most popular solution was a project by which Savamala and New Belgrade will be connected by the web of canals and an artificial island in the middle of the river, with residential, commercial and catering facilities. All of this was changed later because of the Belgrade Waterfront project. The academy in 1993 coordinated several projects by 1993, best known of which was the concept of "Water Town" ( Varoš na vodi ), by architect Dragomir Manojlović. Projects included two new, boulevard-sized bridges and canals deep into

17088-474: The neighborhood of Kosančićev Venac , and stretches along the right bank of the Sava river . Its northern section belongs to the municipality of Stari Grad, while central and southern sections belong to the municipality of Savski Venac. The central street in the neighborhood is Karađorđeva . Originally, the entire western section ( Terazije slopes ) of today's city center was called Savamala, roughly bounded by

17266-465: The new creative hub of Belgrade. Formerly representative buildings, but now completely dilapidated, became headquarters of the cultural organizations like Mixer house , Cultural Center "City" and Urban Incubator. They chronicled stories from the inhabitants about old Savamala and employed artists and designers to revitalize the area who painted many murals , renovated parks and set ice rinks. Also, they invited artists, architects and chefs from all over

17444-611: The northern tip of Ada Ciganlija . Marshy area covered modern location of the Belgrade Main railway station and parts of the Sarajevska and Hajduk-Veljkov venac streets. Ciganska bara drained two other bogs. One was located on Slavija , which drained through the creek which flew down the area of the modern Nemanjina street. Other pond whose water drained into the Ciganska bara was Zeleni Venac . Romanies who lived in

17622-476: The opening, the official barge-ferry line Belgrade-Zemun was discontinued. On 5 November 1935, the first tram line over the bridge was established. Three especially decorated tram compositions fared from the starting point at the Hotel Moskva to Zemun. The tram line was labeled No. 14 and connected Belgrade and Zemun via the route Hotel Moskva/ Terazije -Hotel Central/Zemun, so the people colloquially called

17800-504: The outcome of the vote in relation to the decisions already taken. The irregularities in the plebiscite voting operations were evident. The case of Levens is emblematic: the same official sources recorded, faced with only 407 voters, 481 votes cast, naturally almost all in favor of joining France. The Italian language that was the official language of the County, used by the Church, at the town hall, taught in schools, used in theaters and at

17978-527: The parcel in Krunski Venac in 1924, but by 1926 the deal was off. The Society asked for the land lot in Savamala, at the corner of the Nemanjina and Sarajevska streets, but the city refused to do so, as the park was planned for the area, offering another parcel in the city. In 1929, city finally offered the lot in Savamala again, at the location of the grain market , where the modern Palace of Justice

18156-419: The pavilions of Belgrade Fair were. Germans used some 600 m (2,000 ft) of mobile bridge construction which they confiscated from Yugoslav army at Šabac . Hastily built on 24 April 1941, several days later it collapsed with several German vehicles falling into the river. A bit further, another same-type pontoon bridge was built. The pontoon bridges had the "noon break", when they were disconnected to let

18334-482: The period 1860–1914, despite the repression carried out since the annexation. The French government implemented a policy of Francization of society, language and culture. The toponyms of the communes of the ancient County have been francized, with the obligation to use French in Nice, as well as certain surnames (for example the Italian surname "Bianchi" was francized into "Leblanc", and the Italian surname "Del Ponte"

18512-466: The poorest population dwelled) or "Pokraj Bare" ("next to the pond"), where the boatmen and street musicians resided. The area was originally a bog called Ciganska bara (Serbian for "Gypsy pond"). The bog was charted for the first time in an Austrian map from 1789. It was a marsh which covered a wide area from modern Karađorđeva street to the mouth of the Topčiderska Reka into the Sava, across

18690-416: The prince wasn't the owner, but had right to collect rent. Savamala was the first new settlement constructed outside the fortress walls. In time, migrants from Bulgaria and Hungary also settled in the neighborhood, so as the boatmen from Bosnia who operated river trade. The settlement was separated from the central city area by the trench, which had embankment and palisade . The structure was maintained by

18868-409: The procedure of selecting the sculptor, high price of venture while the figures were labeled as being dysfunctional. Especially vocal was architect Dragiša Brašovan . Meštrović was also accused of megalomania and for marring of the bridge. As a result of this opposition, the project was scrapped. The bridge became favorite place for Belgrade's high school graduates. They were gathering on the bridge on

19046-409: The project envisions place for only 3 buses), city administration replied that everything has been done after "Podrecca's design". Before and concurrently with this reconstruction, several facades of the houses on the left side of the street were revitalized (there are no edifices on the right side, it is open to the river), as they have been neglected since the end of World War II. A notable exception

19224-560: The project was Swiss-educated engineer Mirko Roš. On 11 and 12 December 1934 the bridge was tested by dozens of city's tank trucks . It was ceremonially open on 16 December with 700 horsemen crossing over it. The unit was combined from the horsemen of the Royal Guards Artillery, Cavalry of the Junior Officers School and Zemun's Students Squad. To prove the high quality of the bridge, they trotted across

19402-531: The project was green-lighted nevertheless. The authorities only decided to build an object at the location of the Đumrukana, but the chosen project was disliked for not resembling the old building and for not fitting into the urban environment. Karađorđeva Street In July 2017, city urbanist Milutin Folić announced the reconstruction of the Karađorđeva street from the Beton Hala to the Branko's Bridge, along

19580-525: The remains of the bridge persisted until the heavy "Easter bombing" of Belgrade by the Allies on 16 April 1944 when it was demolished completely. The construction of the bridge was patterned in the Serbo-Byzantine style , placed on two pylons made of reinforced concrete , while it was held by the steel cables. A special notion was given to the decoration of the bridge. The process of ornamentation

19758-410: The residents through the corvée . The palisades were removed in 1827, and the poor used it as firewood. The only survived part of the fortification was the Sava Gate. In the late 1820s, a popular Cannoneer's Greenmarket ( Tobdžijska pijaca ) was established, when Prince Miloš partially resettled inhabitants of Savamala to Palilula . It was located where the park on Hajduk Veljkov Venac is today, above

19936-524: The resort. These included Queen Victoria along with her son Edward VII who spent winters there, as well as Henry Cavendish , born in Nice, who discovered hydrogen. The clear air and soft light have particularly appealed to notable painters, such as Marc Chagall , Henri Matisse , Niki de Saint Phalle and Arman . Their work is commemorated in many of the city's museums, including Musée Marc Chagall , Musée Matisse and Musée des Beaux-Arts . International writers have also been attracted and inspired by

20114-703: The rubble from all parts of the city and especially from Prokop , because of the construction of the Belgrade Main railway station. Road to the Sava Gate passed through this area, which was one of the gates for entering the Belgrade Fortress. During the First Serbian Uprising , through this gate Karađorđe , the leader of the uprising, entered Belgrade, liberated from the Ottomans in December 1806. The gate, also called Šabac Gate,

20292-473: The same location, today known as the Branko's Bridge, was built in 1956. It actually uses lower parts of the former bridge's pylons as outer constraints for its two secondary spans. The body of the bridge was provided by the German company MAN SE, which co-constructed its predecessor, King Alexander Bridge in 1934. The decorative elements of Nikolay Krasnov on the pylons survived both bombings, but were removed in

20470-499: The same year. Savamala received worldwide attention due to its cultural renaissance. Articles about it were published in Financial Times and Wall Street Journal , CNN devoted several reports to it, while The Guardian regularly follows the happenings in Savamala, placing it among top ten most inspirational places in the world. Massive reconstruction of western part of the western neighborhood began in 2018, while

20648-453: The scenic view of the neighborhood seen from the river, towered by the tall Cathedral Church above, in Kosančićev Venac. Both buildings were damaged in World War II and demolished after the war. On 12 June 1841, the first steamboat ever in Serbia docked in Sava port. It was Count István Széchenyi 's ship Erzherzog Ludwig , who ported to visit Prince Miloš and Belgrade's Ottoman pasha. It

20826-419: The second half of the 18th century, many wealthy English people took to spending the winter in Nice, enjoying the panorama along the coast. This early aristocratic English colony conceived the building of a promenade with the leadership and financial support of Rev. Lewis Way . With the initial promenade completed, the city of Nice, intrigued by the prospect, greatly increased the scope of the work. The Promenade

21004-593: The ships pass. Germans decided that the reparation of the bridge would be a major operation, so in 1942 they relocated the bridge they just built over the Tisa river near Žabalj . As of November 2019, that bridge still stands and is in use, being named Old Sava Bridge . After the war, as the bridge was demolished and several trams remained on the Zemun side, the tram line on the west bank was re-established, connecting Zemun and Staro Sajmište (line No. 14). The new bridge on

21182-412: The small square in front of the Belgrade Cooperative. In the center of the square the statue named Sava Nymph, work of Đorđe Jovanović , was to be placed. By 1914, Savamala was the most densely populated area of Belgrade with arranged streets, primary school, first bank in Serbia and a quay along the bank of Sava was under construction. The area around the Little Market became the most prestigious one in

21360-421: The southern border of Kosančićev Venac. The works, projected by Boris Podrecca , should start at the end of 2017 and will include: widening of the sidewalks, planting of the avenue , further reconstruction of the façades, relocation of the tramway closer to the river and placing them on the cobblestones and construction of the parking for the buses which pick up the tourists from the port. Works were postponed for

21538-529: The square in front of the railway station building began in 1892. First stock exchange in Serbia became operational in Savamala in 1895. in In 1896, three smaller streets, from the Sava Gate to the Paranos Han (Savska, Majdanska and Donja Bogojavljenska), were merged into one named Savska. Remaining route, from the khan to the Main Railway Station, was named Moravska. In 1898, city administration decided to step up

21716-427: The square, the cathédrale Sainte-Réparate and the fountain in the centre, place Rossetti is a must-see spot in the old town. By day, the place is invaded by the terraces of traditional restaurants and the finest ice-cream makers. By night, the environment changes radically, with tourists and youths flocking to the square, where music reverberates on the walls of the small square. The square's lighting at night gives it

21894-441: The state for the bridge and 30 million dinars by the city for the access roads. In 1930, an international architectural design competition was set for the road bridge. The winner was a German company Gutehoffnungshütte (GHH) from Oberhausen . As the eastern section of the bridge was planned to start in the Sava port area, in the municipality of Savamala , the propositions included the minimal height of 12 m (39 ft) and

22072-533: The streets along the Avenue de la Victoire and in the Place Masséna. In November 1942 German troops moved into most of unoccupied France, but Italian troops moved into a smaller zone including Nice. A certain ambivalence remained among the population, many of whom were recent immigrants of Italian ancestry. However, the resistance gained momentum after the Italian surrender in 1943 when the German army occupied

22250-502: The structure of New Belgrade. Aleksandar Despić , vice president of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts at the time, authorized architect Miloš Perović to organize the teams of architects and create a new vision for Savamala. The conditions of the project included the reconstruction and revitalization of the neighborhood into the Belgrade's cultural hub, keeping the "historical matrix" and "nosatalgia of history". The project

22428-412: The summer of 2018. The planned 14-months long reconstruction was then postponed to September 2018, but it didn't start then either. The area set for reconstruction is 682 m (2,238 ft) long and covers 1 ha (2.5 acres). Indented parking spots for tourist buses are also planned. Works were then scheduled to start in mid-November 2018 and the deadline is set for the late 2019 or early 2020. In

22606-450: The summer of 2019 the contours of the reconstructed area became noticeable. The experts criticized the project, especially the transportation solutions. Though the project was to fully separate the street carriageways and the tram tracks which crossed each other once, they are now crossed twice in only 230 m (750 ft). The planned boulevard from the direction of Belgrade Waterfront will be 45 m (148 ft) wide, but it will enter

22784-408: The thing that the urbanists put in the plans as mandatory is a ban on highrise due to the panoramic view of Belgrade from the river (hence the "amphitheater" appearance). In its strategy, city government banned tall buildings in the old section of Belgrade. All of this was changed later because of the Belgrade Waterfront project. In the 2010s few artistic enthusiasts began transforming Savamala into

22962-607: The three days of demonstration took the name of " Niçard Vespers ". The revolt was suppressed by French troops. On 13 February, Garibaldi was not allowed to speak at the French parliament meeting in Bordeaux to ask for the reunification of Nice to the newborn Italian unitary state , and he resigned from his post as deputy. The failure of Vespers led to the expulsion of the last pro-Italian intellectuals from Nice, such as Luciano Mereu or Giuseppe Bres, who were expelled or deported. The pro-Italian irredentist movement persisted throughout

23140-525: The time. Belgrade's airport was located on the Zemun side, in Bežanija , built in 1927. During history, however, there were at least 10 temporary, pontoon bridges on the location of the King Alexander Bridge. They were constructed solely for the purpose of conquering the city during the numerous battles and sieges of Belgrade in history, like in 1521, 1595, 1688 or 1717. The history recorded 5 Austrian and 5 Ottoman pontoon bridges. Belgrade's first modern bridge

23318-479: The torrential rains, when mud floods would flow down from Zeleni Venac. Especially damaging floods occurred on 25 July 1938, and in 1940 and in April 1941 (after the bombing of Belgrade), when the Sava spilled over. Despite constant protests to the Belgrade municipality, the protective embankment has not been built other than already existing one at the railway station. German occupational authorities began construction of

23496-513: The town centre. Place Garibaldi is close to the eastern districts of Nice, Port Lympia (Lympia Harbour), and the TNL commercial centre. This square is also a junction of several important streets: the boulevard Jean-Jaurès , the avenue de la République , the rue Cassini and the rue Catherine-Ségurane . Entirely enclosed and pedestrianised, this square is located in the heart of the old town. With typical buildings in red and yellow ochres surrounding

23674-481: The town has changed hands many times. Its strategic location and port significantly contributed to its maritime strength. From 1388 it was a dominion of Savoy , then became part of the French First Republic between 1792 and 1815, when it was returned to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia , the legal predecessor of the Kingdom of Italy, until its annexation by France in 1860. The natural environment of

23852-562: The tramline gave the square back to the pedestrians, restoring its status as a real Mediterranean square. It is lined with palm trees and stone pines, instead of being the rectangular roundabout of sorts it had become over the years. Since its construction, the Place Masséna has always been the spot for great public events. It is used for concerts, and particularly during the summer festivals, the Corso carnavalesque (carnival parade) in February,

24030-561: The two monarchs concluded a ten years' truce . In 1543, Nice was attacked by the united Franco-Ottoman forces of Francis I and Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha , in the Siege of Nice ; though the inhabitants repulsed the assault which followed the terrible bombardment, they were ultimately compelled to surrender, and Barbarossa was allowed to pillage the city and to carry off 2,500 captives. Pestilence appeared again in 1550 and 1580. In 1600, Nice

24208-402: The urbanization of the neighborhood, so the smaller, side streets were cut through, the port and quay were regulated, elementary school was opened and the filling of Bara Venecija was finally finished. When Belgrade was divided into six quarters in 1860, Savamala was one of them. By the census of 1883 it had a population of 5,547. According to the further censuses, the population of Savamala

24386-429: The use of Latin as an administrative language and established the Italian language as the official language of government affairs in Nice. During the struggle between Francis I and Charles V great damage was caused by the passage of the armies invading Provence ; pestilence and famine raged in the city for several years. In 1538, in the nearby town of Villeneuve-Loubet , through the mediation of Pope Paul III ,

24564-567: The verbal agreement donated the entire patch of land along the river, stretching from the Fortress to the modern Mostar interchange to Serbian ruling prince Miloš Obrenović . The area was known as Savska Jalija (Sava bank in Turkish). It included tumbledown houses of the boatmen, taverns and the Emperor (or Sherif) Mosque. The pasha gave the land to prince as the spahiluk , which means that

24742-480: The votes in the legislative elections (26,534 votes out of 29,428 votes cast), and Garibaldi was elected deputy at the National Assembly . Pro-Italians took to the streets cheering "Viva Nizza! Viva Garibaldi!". The French government sent 10,000 soldiers to Nice, closed the Italian newspaper Il Diritto di Nizza and imprisoned several demonstrators. The population of Nice rose up from 8 to 10 February and

24920-508: The war, plans were made for further filling of the area next to the railway, in order to expand cargo section of the station, but they were put on hold. In the early 1940, city decided to finish the draining. On 9 March 1940, a contract was signed with the consortium "Danish Group" for pouring 500,000 tons of sand on the section between the railway and the river, and from the station to the bridge. The same consortium (made of Danish companies " Kampsax ", " Højgaard & Schultz " and "Carl Nielsen")

25098-486: The way to the King Alexander Bridge, which was a dividing point between Bežanija and Zemun. From 1933 a settlement, consisting mostly of individual villas, began to develop. Also, a group of Belarus emigrants built several small buildings, mostly rented by the carters who carried goods across the river. As the settlement, which became known as New Belgrade, was built without building permits, authorities threatened to demolish it, but in 1940 government officially "legalized

25276-598: The western end of the neighborhood was demolished in 1862. The first avenue in Belgrade was planted in Savamala. It was planted from 1845 to 1850 along the Abadžijska Čaršija , modern Kraljice Natalije Street . It was the project of Atanasije Nikolić , educator and agriculturist, who developed seedlings in the nursery garden he established in Topčider . The trees were cut in 1889. Hadži-Neimar designed in 1840 an elongated, large, ground floor house, built from hard materials at

25454-454: The world and organized exhibitions, work shops, concerts and lectures which are now held in Savamala almost on a daily basis. With all this development, Savamala began attracting tourists and the night life was invigorated with many new performances, galleries, clubs and restaurants. They were joined by the Society for the ambiental protection of Savamala which organizes yearly celebration of

25632-423: Was "Nica", predecessor of the modern Ušće restaurant. In total, 20 proper objects and 2,000 cabins, barracks, sheds, etc. were demolished, jointly by the municipalities of Zemun and Bežanija, which owned half of the land each, and the proprietors of the objects. The plan was to build an embankment instead. However, the beach itself survived the construction of the bridge in 1934 as it only made access easier. The beach

25810-491: Was 6,981 in 1890, 6,516 in 1895, 8,033 in 1900, 9,504 in 1905, 9,567 in 1910 and 11,924 in 1921. Early 20th century was Savamala's golden age . Through neighborhood, the spirit of modern Europe was rapidly arriving in Belgrade. In 1900, the first ice rink in Belgrade was built near the railway station. The central street in the neighborhood was formed on 29 February 1904, when the streets of Savska and Moravska were transformed into one, named Karađorđeva, which stretched from

25988-626: Was a patron of the Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice where Princess Catherine Dolgorukova , morganatic wife of the Tsar Alexander II of Russia , is buried. Also buried there are General Dmitry Shcherbachev and General Nikolai Yudenich , leaders of the anti-Communist White Movement . Those interred at the Cimetière du Château include celebrated jeweler Alfred Van Cleef , Emil Jellinek-Mercedes , founder of

26166-462: Was already hired by the city to start construction of New Belgrade , across the Sava. The "Sydhavnen" excavator was transported from Denmark, and was supposed to finish works by 1 October 1940. However, the excavator continued to work after the German occupation of Belgrade in April 1941. It finished works in 1943, completing the draining and filling of the former marsh. The section along the Karađorđeva Street continued to be flooded, especially during

26344-757: Was announced that the idea was to transform the entire section into the linear park , patterned after the High Line park in New York City and Zaryadye Park in Moscow , which would extend around the Belgrade Fortress and Dorćol , all the way to the Pančevo Bridge . In April 2019 it was announced that the linear park will stretch for 4.7 km (2.9 mi) and cover an area of 47 ha (120 acres). Nice Nice ( / n iː s / NEESS ; French pronunciation: [nis] )

26522-484: Was announced. Modernist structure will host the University of Arts ' Faculty of Applied Arts. By 2021, the only surviving old structure along the promenade between the Branko's Bridge and Beton Hall is the building of Port Authority ( lučka kapetanija ), located at No. 6 Karađorđeva. One-floor, free standing edifice was built in 1906. All four facades are symmetrical, and ornamented with decorative plastic. The building

26700-553: Was briefly taken by the Duke of Guise . By opening the ports of the county to all nations, and proclaiming full freedom of trade (1626), the commerce of the city was given great stimulus, the noble families taking part in its mercantile enterprises. Captured by Nicolas Catinat in 1691, Nice was restored to Savoy in 1696; but it was again besieged by the French in 1705 , and in the following year its citadel and ramparts were demolished. The Treaty of Utrecht (1713) once more gave

26878-486: Was built at Little Market. It was built by the merchant Ćira Hristić. Popular name, Little Market, was changed with the official one, the Saint Nicholas Market. The Belgrade Main railway station became operational in 1884. It was built in the southern section of the neighborhood, which was the filled swamp known as Bara Venecija. The route of the future central thoroughfare in Savamala, Karađorđeva Street,

27056-793: Was built on the Wilson's Square. Hotel Orient was located at the corner of the Hajduk-Veljkov Venac and Nemanjina streets, close to the Financial Park . Heavy bombardment by the Austro-Hungarian forces in World War I damaged the neighborhood and stopped for a while its affluent progress. With the neighboring Belgrade Fortress, it was on the front line of Austro Hungarian attack. The attack stopped numerous plans and projects, some of which were never accomplished, like

27234-407: Was convincing the people that it is "normal" for the bridge to swing 13 cm (5.1 in) and that it was perfectly safe. The press noted that bridge was swinging like a toy on springs under only 350 tons during the cavalry testing, even though it was designed to carry 25,000 tons, but also reassured public that this is normal and that bridge is the work of art of modern technology. Two days after

27412-616: Was designed by the Russian white émigré architect Nikolai Vasilyevich Vasilyev . The building is known for the reduced façade decoration, simulated architrave in the style of Mediterranean eaves and the hexagonal , domed tower. In 1920, the Society for the Construction of Catholic Church in Belgrade was founded, with the purpose of building the Roman Catholic Cathedral. City administration originally donated

27590-512: Was established at the center of Savamala and with the Karađorđeva street, became the focal point of city's commerce. The market was conceived by the prince as the proper Serbian farmers market (upper Cannoneer's Greenmarket was not regulated), as opposed to the Great Market in downtown where the majority of sellers were Turks. Founded in 1834, it was located between the modern buildings of Hotel Bristol and Belgrade Cooperative. Little market

27768-657: Was extensive urban renewal, including many new constructions. These included the convention centre, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways. The arrival of the Pieds-Noirs , refugees from Algeria after 1962 independence, also gave the city a boost and somewhat changed the make-up of its population and traditional views. By the late 1980s, rumors of political corruption in the city government surfaced; and eventually formal accusations against Jacques Médecin forced him to flee France in 1990. Later arrested in Uruguay in 1993, he

27946-410: Was extradited back to France in 1994, convicted of several counts of corruption and associated crimes and sentenced to imprisonment. On 16 October 1979, a landslide and an undersea slide caused two tsunamis that hit the western coast of Nice; these events killed between 8 and 23 people. In February 2001, European leaders met in Nice to negotiate and sign what is now the Treaty of Nice , amending

28124-567: Was fiercely in favour of the union of Nice with Italy, stands in the centre of the square. The recent rebuilding of the area to accommodate the new tramway line gave mostly the entire square to pedestrians. The architecture is in line with the Turin model, which was the norm of urban renewal throughout the entire realm of the House of Savoy. It is a crossroads between the Vieux Nice (old town) and

28302-408: Was finally closed in 1938 when the construction of the embankment began. The beach itself was called Nica (Serbian for Nice , in France ) after one of the kafanas. The supporting pylon on the right bank was built on the ruins of the former mosque, Liman Mosque. The remnants had to be removed first and this was the source of the popular myth after the demolition, that the bridge was cursed. Head of

28480-425: Was finished in 1907, the House of Đorđe Vučo in 1908, Hotel Bristol in 1912, Hotel Washington (later Hotel Wilson), etc. Despite the filling of the former bog from the Prokop stopped in 1898, the filling and construction of the embankments wasn't finished, so the area was still regularly flooded. The drainage system in the upper sections, at Sarajevska Street, was built only in 1904. Former central commercial spot,

28658-403: Was first called the Camin dei Anglès (the English Way) by the Niçois in their native dialect Nissart . In 1823, the promenade was named La Promenade des Anglais by the French, a name that would stick after the annexation of Nice by France in 1860. The Hotel Negresco on the Promenade des Anglais was named after Henri Negresco who had the palatial hotel constructed in 1912. In keeping with

28836-483: Was francized into "Dupont"). Italian-language newspapers in Nice were banned. In 1861, La Voce di Nizza was closed (temporarily reopened during the Niçard Vespers), followed by Il Diritto di Nizza , closed in 1871. In 1895 it was the turn of Il Pensiero di Nizza , accused of irredentism. Many journalists and writers from Nice wrote in these newspapers in Italian. Among these are Enrico Sappia, Giuseppe André, Giuseppe Bres, Eugenio Cais di Pierlas and others. In 1900,

29014-399: Was handed to architect Nikolay Krasnov, known for other monumental city buildings. A focus of embellishment wasn't on the body of the bridge but on the secondary objects: supporting pylons, access ramps, substructure and the tall pillar on the eastern access, between the Karađorđeva Street and the bank. Krasnov envisioned the decoration of the façade in the sandstone. Major influence was to be

29192-418: Was located where the Velike Stepenice ("Great Stairs") descended into Savamala. The troops were headed by Konda Bimbaša and they stormed into the fortress on 12 December 1806. In January 1807, Austrian and French press reported on the raid, which was the first international mention of Savamala. When the Ottomans regained Belgrade in October 1813, their vanguards burned wooden hovels in Savamala, engulfing

29370-417: Was never built. During the Interbellum , major changes in the neighborhood were results of the construction of the King Alexander Bridge across the Sava, which was finished in 1934. In order to make access path to the new bridge, numerous commercial and residential objects had to be demolished. This way, the Karađorđeva Street, and with it the neighborhood, was almost physically divided in two. Section from

29548-461: Was one of the favorite vacation spots of Belgraders, occupying the left bank of the Sava, north of the future bridge, in the modern Ušće neighborhood. People were transported from the city by small boats and the starting point was a small kafana "Malo pristanište" in Savamala. The objects were demolished manually, including numerous kafanas: "Ostend", "Zdravlje", "Abadžija", "Jadran", "Krf", "Dubrovnik", "Adrija", etc. The only one that wasn't demolished

29726-457: Was only the wholesale market, receiving goods mostly via the rivers, from the regions of Syrmia and Mačva . Main goods included grains, beans , prunes , leather, plum pekmez , etc. The goods were then transported to downtown and sold to the consumers at the Great Market. As many goods arrived across the river, held by Austria at the time, the Little Market evolved into the city's major barter exchange . Storages and shops were abundant and

29904-452: Was opened in Savamala. It is recorded that in 1854, at the Liman section of Savamala (where the pillars of the Branko's Bridge are today), a trading caravan arrived with 550 big and 105 small camels. It was the last camel caravan to reach Belgrade, bringing tobacco from town of Serres to Belgrade merchant Anastas Hiristodulo. By the late 19th century, a tram line connected the peer with the Slavija Square . The fortress' outer Sava Gate at

30082-533: Was presented in the gallery of the academy. The project was titled "Cultural Center for the 3rd Millennium". Proposition by the Serbian architects was titled "Sava City" ( Savski Siti ). As it was an international architectural design competition , the first prize went to the work of Polish architects, which included the formation of a Renaissance square and Venice-type canals. It was described as "aesthetically, rarely seen elegance and style". In 1991 Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts held non-competitive contest and

30260-418: Was the Old Railroad Bridge , built in 1884. Before Yugoslavia was formed in 1918, the Sava was a border between Serbia and Austria-Hungary . After Yugoslavia was formed, the government and the city began considering the construction of the road bridge. The concessionaires were invited for the first time in 1921. It took nine years for the new state to amass the funds needed for the project: 190 million dinars by

30438-484: Was the frequent pressure from the state authorities. It included constant demolition orders, politically instigated inspections of all kinds and ever-growing fiscal imposts . Finally, after being presented with an ultimatum by their landlord that in order to keep renting the Savamala premises they have to close "Miкsalište", humanitarian center for the refugees , Mixer House held a final performance on 27 April 2017. After that, Mixer House moved to Sarajevo in September of

30616-409: Was the last stand of the German army. The building was damaged, too. After the war, the building hosts headquarters of the Serbian Railways. The lot covers 5,500 square metres (59,000 sq ft), while the total floor area covers 16,000 square metres (170,000 sq ft). The monumental, square building, designed in eclectic and neo-classicist style, is domineered by the clock tower above

30794-461: Was the main event in the city, with a "ton of people flocking down at the Sava". Even members of pasha's harem came down to the river. Count Széchenyi allowed for some of the spectators to visit and inspect the ship. By 1841, when Đumrukana was adapted into the first regular theatre house in Belgrade, the commerce blossomed and the "Kovačević Han " was built where the modern Hotel Bristol is. "Beogradski mali pijac" (Belgrade's Little Farmers Market)

30972-407: Was to be populated with hotels, bus station, terminus for the airport transport, megamarkets, etc. However, disliked by the group of influential architects, in the future development the envisioned urban tissue was effectively "cut" in its Savamala section by the new projects, and almost nothing of the planned has done. Savamala was tackled by the 1985 International Competition for the enhancement of

31150-426: Was to be the final object around the area of the former market, instead of the old hotel "Bosna". Also in 1911, the project was drafted for connecting Savamala and Zeleni Venac with tram line. Hughly advanced for its time, the project envisioned tracks on the reinforced concrete pillars reaching above the buildings. City rejected the plan. Before World War I , first Serbian female architect Jelisaveta Načić arranged

31328-416: Was to cover 58,938 m (634,400 sq ft) and host 4,300 people (3,390 sitting, 910 standing). The Society changed its mind regarding the lot, asking for another parcel in Palilula . City refused, offering a lot in Dorćol , which in turn was rejected by the Society and, after the ensuing money problems, the Society was disbanded and, ultimately, the central church for the Roman Catholics in Belgrade

31506-423: Was unquestionably Italian. Politically, the liberals of Nice and the partisans of Garibaldi also appreciated very little Napoleonic authoritarianism. Elements on the right (aristocrats) as on the left (Garibaldians) therefore wanted Nice to return to Italy. Savoy was also transferred to the French crown by similar means. In 1871, during the first free elections in the County, the pro-Italian lists obtained almost all

31684-460: Was urbanistically regulated for the first time in 1893, when the construction of high, massive, lavish buildings, "palaces", began. Buildings of the older proprietors were joined by the new ones built by Dimitrije Marković, Božidar Purić , Aksentije Todorović, Marko Stojanović, etc. Some of them were among the wealthies people in the state, and centered their palaces around the Little Market. Many of those buildings survived until today. Construction of

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