54-533: Kings Park is a 399.9-hectare (988-acre) park overlooking Perth Water and the central business district of Perth , Western Australia. The park is a mixture of grassed parkland, botanical gardens and natural bushland on Mount Eliza with two-thirds of the grounds conserved as native bushland. Offering panoramic views of the Swan River and Darling Range , it is home to over 324 native plant varieties, 215 known indigenous fungi species and 80 bird species. It
108-553: A cable car to Kings Park , although construction is not in scope for the initial phase. The State War Memorial Precinct is located on Mount Eliza overlooking Perth Water . It comprises the Cenotaph, Court of Contemplation, Flame of Remembrance and Pool of Reflection. The Anzac Day dawn service is held at 5:30 am on 25 April each year and is attended by more than 40,000 people. There is also an official service held at 11 am on 11 November for Remembrance Day . The Cenotaph
162-825: A cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; it includes some 500 species, both deciduous and evergreen . Fossil oaks date back to the Middle Eocene . Molecular phylogeny shows that the genus is divided into Old World and New World clades , but many oak species hybridise freely, making the genus's history difficult to resolve. Ecologically, oaks are keystone species in habitats from Mediterranean semi-desert to subtropical rainforest . They live in association with many kinds of fungi including truffles . Oaks support more than 950 species of caterpillar , many kinds of gall wasp which form distinctive galls , roundish woody lumps such as
216-679: A double staircase in the Château de Blois in France. Its design resembles the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule. The paving below the DNA Tower is made with stones sent from 11 towns and 80 shires in Western Australia. Jacob's Ladder is a set of stairs located at the top end of Cliff Street, in the close proximity to Kings Park, though it is not part of the park itself. It has 242 steps and leads down to Mounts Bay Road . The Ladder
270-567: A freshwater spring, known as Kennedy Spring ( Goonininup ), which provided year-round water for the native inhabitants. The spring was noted by the first European visitors to the area, Willem de Vlamingh 's party, on 11 January 1697. The Lieutenant Governor of the Swan River Colony , James Stirling , chose the townsite of Perth for this reason – the only local spring. He named the area Mount Eliza for Eliza Darling . The Colony's first Surveyor General, John Septimus Roe , recognised
324-633: A narrow belt along the Himalayas to cover mainland and island Southeast Asia as far as Sumatra , Java , Borneo , and Palawan . Finally, oaks of multiple sections ( Cyclobalanopsis , Ilex , Cerris , Quercus and related genera like Lithocarpus and Castanopsis ) extend across east Asia including China, Korea, and Japan. Potential records of Quercus have been reported from Late Cretaceous deposits in North America and East Asia. These are not considered definitive, as macrofossils older than
378-485: A range of flavours, colours, and aromas. The spongy bark of the cork oak is used to make traditional wine bottle corks. Almost a third of oak species are threatened with extinction due to climate change, invasive pests , and habitat loss . In culture, the oak tree is a symbol of strength and serves as the national tree of many countries. In Indo-European and related religions, the oak is associated with thunder gods . Individual oak trees of cultural significance include
432-508: A single oak tree produces both staminate ('male') flowers in the form of catkins , and small pistillate ('female') flowers, meaning that the trees are monoecious . The fruit is a nut called an acorn , borne in a cup-like structure known as a cupule ; each acorn usually contains one seed and takes 6–18 months to mature, depending on the species. The acorns and leaves contain tannic acid , which helps to guard against fungi and insects. There are some 500 extant species of oaks. Trees in
486-557: A small area of the west of Cuba ; in Mesoamerica it occurs mainly above 1000 metres. The genus crossed the isthmus of Panama when the northern and southern continents came together and is present as one species, Q. humboldtii , above 1000 metres in Colombia. The oaks of North America are of many sections ( Protobalanus , Lobatae , Ponticae , Quercus , and Virentes ) along with related genera such as Notholithocarpus . In
540-593: Is a popular site for Perth residents to exercise, with many people using it in the mornings and on lunch breaks. Law Walk is Kings Park's premier urban bushland trail. It is a 2.5 km (1.6-mile) loop walk that begins at Rotunda Two and continues along the ridge of the limestone escarpment to Dryandra Lookout. A loop in the trail then leads to the Lotterywest Federation Walkway and back to the start of Law Walk, taking visitors approximately 45 minutes to complete. The Kokoda Track Memorial Walk
594-646: Is a tribute to the bravery of Australian troops who fought in the Papua New Guinea campaign of July 1942 to January 1943. The Kokoda Walk begins at Kennedy Fountain on Mounts Bay Road with a steep climb of 150 steps that ascends a height of 62 m (203 ft). Founded in 1984, the Kings Park Guides are a group of volunteers that lead guided walks all year round and help staff the Visitor Information Centre. Twice daily
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#1732801791270648-552: Is also rich in flora (both native and introduced) and during September of each year Kings Park hosts Australia's largest wildflower show and exhibition – the Kings Park Festival. The park is an unincorporated area outside all local government areas; it is administered by the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority , which is a state government authority. Prior to European settlement and exploration Mount Eliza
702-415: Is an ongoing issue. 31°57′58″S 115°51′43″E / 31.966186°S 115.861869°E / -31.966186; 115.861869 ( Perth Water ) Oak See also List of Quercus species . An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family . They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn , borne within
756-554: Is considered a landmark of the City of Perth . Historically it was much larger in size. The shorelines have been regularly changed. Considerable reclamation has taken place on both sides of the river. For example, in 1879, landfill of Perth Water was used to create The Esplanade . For the construction of the Narrows Bridge and its approaches, considerable amounts of the north west section of Perth Water were reclaimed. In
810-452: Is from Old English ac (seen in placenames such as Acton , from ac + tun , "oak village" ), which in turn is from Proto-Germanic *aiks , "oak". Oaks are hardwood ( dicotyledonous ) trees, deciduous or evergreen, with spirally arranged leaves , often with lobate margins ; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with smooth margins. Many deciduous species are marcescent , not dropping dead leaves until spring. In spring,
864-531: Is of the part of the river that was filled in to accommodate the Narrows Bridge works. The main route for deep draught boats to navigate Perth Water is from the Narrows Bridge to Barrack Street Jetty , then following a channel close to the north shore parallel to Riverside Drive. The channel was dredged from as early as 1908 to keep the South Perth to Perth ferry channel clear; such maintenance
918-690: Is the most popular visitor destination in Western Australia, being visited by over five million people each year. Besides tourist facilities, Kings Park contains the State War Memorial, the Royal King's Park Tennis Club , and the Mount Eliza Reservoir. The streets are tree lined with individual plaques dedicated by family members to Western Australian service men and women who died in World War I and World War II . The park
972-818: The Daily News , the idea was based on the Avenue of Honour in Ballarat, Victoria . Originally families were required to pay 10 shillings to cover the cost of the plantings; ex-servicemen provided the necessary labour to plant the trees. In 1920 Lovekin and board member William Loton each donated 500 pounds to clear and plant Forrest Avenue with sugar gums . After Lovekin died the Kings Park board renamed Forrest Avenue to Lovekin Drive. Kings Park now has three tree-lined avenues set aside to honour service personnel who died in
1026-622: The Mends Street Jetty in South Perth . Commercial companies also use the jetties for trips to Rottnest via Fremantle , and Swan River wine and leisure cruises. Ferry companies at the terminal have improved re-fuelling techniques to reduce the amount of oil pollution in Perth Water. The West Australian newspaper produced a book for the 150th anniversary of Western Australia in 1979 that included photographs showing
1080-643: The Paleogene , and possibly from before the Eocene are mostly poorly preserved without critical features for certain identification. Amongst the oldest unequivocal records of Quercus are pollen from Austria, dating to the Paleocene -Eocene boundary, around 55 million years ago. The oldest records of Quercus in North America are from Oregon , dating to the Middle Eocene, around 44 million years ago, with
1134-853: The Royal Oak in Britain, the Charter Oak in the United States, and the Guernica Oak in the Basque Country . The generic name Quercus is Latin for "oak", derived from Proto-Indo-European *kwerkwu- , "oak", which is also the origin of the name " fir ", another important or sacred tree in Indo-European culture. The word "cork", for the bark of the cork oak , similarly derives from Quercus . The common name "oak"
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#17328017912701188-436: The oak apple , and a large number of pests and diseases. Oak leaves and acorns contain enough tannin to be toxic to cattle, but pigs are able to digest them safely. Oak timber is strong and hard, and has found many uses in construction and furniture-making. The bark was traditionally used for tanning leather . Wine barrels are made of oak; these are used for aging alcoholic beverages such as sherry and whisky , giving them
1242-500: The Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority is renowned for its research and scientific works, specialising in conservation and restoration of native species and ecosystems. The directorate is categorised into specific scientific areas including restoration ecology , seed science, conservation genetics, propagation science and orchid science, which are supported by many accredited research scientists and students. Beginning in 1965,
1296-553: The Cenotaph is the roll of honour with the names of all servicemen and women who enlisted in Western Australia and died in the Boer War , World War I , World War II , Korean War or Vietnam . In 2012, after some controversy the names of service personnel who died in Iraq and Afghanistan were inscribed on the wall. In addition, below the memorial is one of the entrances to the tunnels that are below Kings Park. These are not accessible to
1350-416: The Kings Park Festival has grown to a month-long celebration of floral displays, live music, exhibitions, workshops, interpretive artworks, guided walks and family activities throughout September. Held to promote the beauty of Western Australia's native wildflowers, the event now attracts over 500,000 people annually. The May Drive (formerly Synergy) Parkland is one of two children's playgrounds in Kings Park,
1404-706: The Old World, oaks of section Quercus extend across the whole of Europe including European Russia apart from the far north, and north Africa (north of the Sahara) from Morocco to Libya. In Mediterranean Europe, they are joined by oaks of the sections Cerris and Ilex , which extend across Turkey, the Middle East, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan , while section Ponticae is endemic to the western Caucasus in Turkey and Georgia . Oaks of section Cyclobalanopsis extend in
1458-471: The Perth Water area. Post-cards, calendar images, posters and photographs from most decades of the twentieth century exist, that show the view from the Park looking across Perth Water to the city. Since the establishment of Perth, there have been either jetties or landing and mooring facilities at the location of Barrack Square at the jetty . The long running Transperth ferry service travels between Perth and
1512-515: The Swan River. In the Noongar language, Derbarl refers to the estuary water and Yerrigan is "rising up". The earlier shore line of Perth Water can be identified by the line made by Mounts Bay Road, and its extension to The Esplanade. From some earlier photographs and images made from Kings Park it is possible to ascertain the earlier river-edges, or banks, from tree lines. The photo here
1566-511: The degradation of the space over time. In the 1950–1951 Lord Mayor's report for the City of Perth an early map of Perth from 1838 was reproduced. In 1989, the Department of Aboriginal Sites published a book with a reproduction of a 1909 cancelled plan of Perth that shows place names: This body of water is also known as Derbarl Yerrigan, a name which has since been adopted for the whole of
1620-487: The dignitaries and members of the centenary organising committee. This memorial is dedicated to the 16 Western Australian victims, the injured, and those who helped the survivors of the 2002 Bali bombings . The Edith Dircksey Cowan Memorial , formerly known as the Edith Cowan Memorial Clock, is the clock tower at the main entrance to Kings Park. It was built in 1934 as a memorial to Edith Cowan ,
1674-414: The early days of the settlement of Perth the north west section between Mount Eliza and the city had been named Mounts Bay, and the road along the shore became known as Mounts Bay Road. The subsequent reclamation effectively removed what has been known as Mounts Bay. The former river bank in that area is equivalent to the edge of Mounts Bay Road . The whole Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre lies on
Kings Park, Western Australia - Misplaced Pages Continue
1728-559: The establishment in 1956 of a Citizens’ Committee for the Preservation of Kings Park, which successfully campaigned to prevent the proposal from going ahead. Since 1999, Kings Park has been administered by the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority , who also administer Bold Park , and does not come under any local government authority . The park's administration building contains all the administrative offices where visitors may book guided walking tours, get information, or reserve one of
1782-616: The facilities. Kings Park was featured in 2006 on the American reality TV show The Amazing Race 9 as well as in 2011 on the Australian franchise The Amazing Race Australia 1 , where teams collected a clue from in front of the War Memorial. In early 2009, the south western area of the park was severely damaged by a fire, which has been suspected to have been deliberately lit. The Elizabeth Quay redevelopment plans include
1836-544: The first woman elected to an Australian parliament. The committee responsible for the memorial had intended that a memorial be built in the Park, but the Kings Park Board declined the request. The Western Australian Botanic Garden is an 18-hectare (44-acre) site within the park. It has a collection of 2000 species of Western Australian flora on display. WA Botanic Garden is part of the worldwide network of botanic gardens committed to plant conservation. The garden
1890-404: The genus Quercus consisted of Old World and New World clades. The entire genome of Quercus robur (the pedunculate oak) has been sequenced , revealing an array of mutations that may underlie the evolution of longevity and disease resistance in oaks. In addition, hundreds of oak species have been compared (at RAD-seq loci), allowing a detailed phylogeny to be constructed. However,
1944-641: The genus are often large and slow-growing; Q. alba can reach an age of 600 years, a diameter of 13 feet (4.0 m) and a height of 145 feet (44 m). The Granit oak in Bulgaria, a Q. robur specimen, has an estimated age of 1637 years, making it the oldest oak in Europe. The Wi'aaSal tree, a live oak in the reservation of the Pechanga Band of Indians , California, is at least 1000 years old, and might be as much as 2000 years old, which would make it
1998-526: The guides provide guided walking tours of the monuments and memorials, bushland paths and the Botanic Garden. The guides cover all aspects of the park including the local Noongar names and traditions. Walks are varied according to the Noongar seasons : Djilba-Kambarang (July–October) for the wildflower season, Makuru for May and June, and Birak-Djeran for November–April. The Friends of Kings Park
2052-519: The largest number of oak species, with approximately 160 species in Mexico, of which 109 are endemic, and about 90 in the United States. The second greatest area of oak diversity is China, with approximately 100 species. In the Americas, Quercus is widespread from Vancouver and Nova Scotia in the south of Canada, south to Mexico and across the whole of the eastern United States. It is present in
2106-560: The oldest oak in the US. Among the smallest oaks is Q. acuta , the Japanese evergreen oak. It forms a bush or small tree to a height of some 30 feet (9.1 m). The genus Quercus is native to the Northern Hemisphere and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in the Americas , Asia, Europe, and North Africa. North America has
2160-877: The oldest records in Asia from the Middle Eocene of Japan; both forms have affinities to the Cyclobalanopsis group. Quercus forms part, or rather two parts, of the Quercoideae subfamily of the Fagaceae , the beech family. Modern molecular phylogenetics suggests the following relationships: Fagus (beeches) Trigonobalanus (3 evergreen species) Lithocarpus (stone oaks) Chrysolepis (chinquapins) Quercus pro parte Notholithocarpus (tan oak) Quercus pro parte Castanopsis (also called chinquapins) Castanea (chestnuts) Molecular techniques for phylogenetic analysis show that
2214-510: The other being the Ivey Watson Playground. It includes a lake and island, play and climbing equipment for children, and life-sized model dinosaurs. It was formerly sponsored by Western Australian power company, Synergy . The Vietnam War memorial and Zamia café are located here. This popular playground for young families is specifically targeted for children aged under five to encourage strong early childhood development. It
Kings Park, Western Australia - Misplaced Pages Continue
2268-556: The plaques along Kings Park's honour avenues. Today they are known as the Honour Avenues Group. Perth Water Perth Water is a section of the Swan River on the southern edge of the central business district of Perth , Western Australia. It is between the Causeway to the east, and Narrows Bridge to the west – a large wide but shallow section of river, and the northern edge of the suburb South Perth . It
2322-438: The public. Distributed throughout the park are more specific memorials to various battles, military units , prisoners of war and other groups. The road verges through King Park have been planted with eucalyptus trees, and in front of each one is a plaque honouring those service men who died during action or as a result of wounds received; there are over 1600 of these plaques. Originally proposed by Arthur Lovekin , owner of
2376-436: The qualities of the area and tried to protect it, by identifying the land to be set aside for public purposes. By 1835 Roe's protection was overturned and the first shipment of five tonnes of jarrah was cut on Mount Eliza, becoming the colony's first export. Logging in the area continued until 1871 when Roe's successor Malcolm Fraser persuaded the then Governor Weld to set aside 432 acres (175 ha) as public reserve. This
2430-646: The river side of the former river bank. In 2006, the last race in the Red Bull Air Race World Series was the first held in Australia, and was held in Perth, with the competition being centred over Perth Water. It has been the annual site of Australia Day fireworks , with crowds lining the lawns and open space along the foreshores. A good view for these activities has been from Kings Park due to its elevation and position looking across
2484-598: The site, Eucalyptus ficifolia and exotic species of Pinus ; few of these were successful due to lack of irrigation. The Mount Eliza reservoir provided water to the local area, and still remains, but by arrangement of the lease was partly diverted for use in the park itself. This was largely allocated, after 1919, to the memorial oaks and planes lining May Drive. Their eventual failure led to their substitution with bangalay, Eucalyptus botryoides , and Eucalyptus calophylla var. rosea . Attempts to situate an Olympic-size swimming pool on bushland in Kings Park led to
2538-474: The two World Wars and other engagements: May Drive, Lovekin Drive, and (the most recent addition) Marri Walk. Fraser Avenue was originally planted with red-flowering gums ( Corymbia ficifolia ) in 1898 to celebrate the diamond jubilee of Queen Victoria , and added to in 1929 to celebrate the centenary of Western Australia . The gums were affected by patch canker disease in the 1930s. In 1938 lemon scented gum trees ( Corymbia citriodora ) were planted to honour
2592-462: Was designed by John Oldham , who held the position of Government Landscape Architect at the time. It was established to showcase the flora of Western Australia to those visiting Perth for the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games , although the official opening did not take place until 4 October 1965. WA Botanic Garden is today home to over half of Australia's 25,000 plant species and the following popular landmarks: The Science Directorate within
2646-511: Was enlarged in 1890 by 450 acres (180 ha), and in 1897 the area of the reserve was further increased to 1,017 acres (412 ha) by Sir John Forrest , the first president of the Board appointed under the Parks and Reserves Act 1895. The area of Kings Park today is 990 acres (400.6 ha), 27 acres (11 ha; 110,000 m) smaller than in 1897. Officially opened on 10 August 1895, the park
2700-564: Was established in 1993 to promote community involvement and commitment within Kings Park and Botanic Garden. The Kings Park Volunteer Master Gardeners provide a free garden advisory service to the community and offer free advice on anything from propagation and potting to planting out and pests. In 1922, the West Perth sub branch of the Returned Services League became responsible for the maintenance and preservation of
2754-467: Was extensively refurbished in 2006 with funding from Lotterywest . The Aboriginal Art Gallery is a retail outlet on Fraser Avenue that exhibits the works of Aboriginal artists from Western Australia and the Northern Territory . Built on the highest point of the park in 1966, the DNA Tower is a white 15 m (49 ft) high double helix staircase that has 101 steps and was inspired by
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#17328017912702808-640: Was known as Mooro Katta and Kaarta Gar-up , the Aboriginal names given by the Nyoongar inhabitants. The area has been an important ceremonial and cultural place for the Whadjuk tribe who had campsites and hunting grounds in the area. In the 1880s Kings Park was used by the Perth section of the Volunteer Rifle Corps (a civilian militia) for shooting. At the base of the southern face is
2862-642: Was originally called Perth Park and was renamed in 1901 to King's Park – the apostrophe was later dropped. This was to mark the ascension to the British throne of King Edward VII and the visit to Perth of George, the Duke of Cornwall and Princess Mary . One of the major roads through the park, May Drive, is named in the Princess's honour. Forrest planted the first tree, a Norfolk Island pine ( Araucaria heterophylla ), and other trees were introduced to
2916-519: Was unveiled in the year of the centenary of Western Australia , on 24 November 1929 by the Governor Sir William Campion , and had as the honorary architect General Sir J. Talbot Hobbs . The court of contemplation is at the western side of the precinct and was unveiled on 6 November 1955 by Sir Charles Gairdner . The flame of remembrance and pool of reflection was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II on 1 April 2000. Underneath
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