Articulated cars are rail vehicles which consist of a number of cars which are semi-permanently attached to each other and share common Jacobs bogies or axles and/or have car elements without axles suspended by the neighbouring car elements. They are much longer than single passenger cars . Because of the difficulty and cost of separating each car from the next, they are operated as a single unit, often called a trainset .
30-535: The P3010 is an articulated light rail car used on the Los Angeles Metro Rail system manufactured by Kinki Sharyo , operated on all of the Metro Rail light rail lines. Ordered by Metro in 2012, the first train entered service in 2016. A total of 235 trains were built, making it Metro's largest rail fleet. AnsaldoBreda delivered 50 P2550 LRVs to Metro between 2006 and 2011 for use on
60-465: A dolly in a road train or in railway bogie exchange ). It may include suspension components within it (as most rail and trucking bogies do), or be solid and in turn be suspended (as are most bogies of tracked vehicles). It may be mounted on a swivel , as traditionally on a railway carriage or locomotive, additionally jointed and sprung (as in the landing gear of an airliner ), or held in place by other means (centreless bogies). Although bogie
90-479: A semi-trailer , whether permanently attached to the frame (as on a single trailer) or making up the dolly that can be hitched and unhitched as needed when hitching up a second or third semi-trailer (as when pulling doubles or triples ). Some tanks and other tracked vehicles have bogies as external suspension components (see armoured fighting vehicle suspension ). This type of bogie usually has two or more road wheels and some type of sprung suspension to smooth
120-455: A steam locomotive , the leading and trailing wheels may be mounted on bogies like Bissel trucks (also known as pony trucks ). Articulated locomotives (e.g. Fairlie , Garratt or Mallet locomotives) have power bogies similar to those on diesel and electric locomotives. A rollbock is a specialized type of bogie that is inserted under the wheels of a rail wagon/car, usually to convert for another track gauge . Transporter wagons carry
150-568: A bogie to guide the locomotive into curves while also supporting the smokebox was built by John B. Jervis in 1831. The concept took decades before it was widely accepted but eventually became a component of the vast majority of mainline locomotive designs. The first use of bogie coaches in Britain was in 1872 by the Festiniog Railway.The first standard gauge British railway to build coaches with bogies, instead of rigidly mounted axles,
180-522: A certain degree of rotational movement around a vertical axis pivot (bolster), with side bearers preventing excessive movement. More modern, bolsterless bogie designs omit these features, instead taking advantage of the sideways movement of the suspension to permit rotational movement. Modern diesel and electric locomotives are mounted on bogies. Those commonly used in North America include Type A , Blomberg , HT-C and Flexicoil trucks. On
210-700: A new contract, for vehicles which were dubbed the P3010 series. The base P3010 contract order was for 78 cars: 63 cars for the Expo and Blue lines, and 15 cars for the Gold Line Foothill Extension. (Phase 1 of the Expo Line used P865 cars from the existing fleet.) Metro completed a contract on April 30, 2012, with delivery of the first LRV projected for 30 months later, in 2014. The contract included options for an additional 157 cars. Metro awarded
240-430: A small rail car with axles at either end. The same effect that causes the bogies to rub against the rails at longer radius causes each of the pairs of wheels to rub on the rails and cause the screeching. Articulated bogies add a second pivot point between the two axles ( wheelsets ) to allow them to rotate to the correct angle even in these cases. In trucking , a bogie is the subassembly of axles and wheels that supports
270-475: Is a safety benefit claimed that if the train derails, it is less likely to jackknife and modern construction techniques prevent telescoping . Articulated cars are not, however, a new idea. Many railways in Britain during the first half of the 20th century frequently rebuilt older, shorter cars into articulated sets, and the Great Northern Railway in Britain built suburban car sets new . In
300-436: Is any one of a number of bogie designs that allow railway equipment to safely turn sharp corners, while reducing or eliminating the "screeching" normally associated with metal wheels rounding a bend in the rails. There are a number of such designs, and the term is also applied to train sets that incorporate articulation in the vehicle, as opposed to the bogies themselves. If one considers a single bogie "up close", it resembles
330-460: Is located off-centre, so more than half the weight rests on the driving axle. The retractable stadium roof on Toronto's Rogers Centre used modified off-the-shelf train bogies on a circular rail. The system was chosen for its proven reliability. Rubber-tyred metro trains use a specialised version of railway bogies. Special flanged steel wheels are behind the rubber-tired running wheels, with additional horizontal guide wheels in front of and behind
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#1732782819889360-495: Is the preferred spelling and first-listed variant in various dictionaries, bogey and bogy are also used. A bogie in the UK, or a railroad truck , wheel truck , or simply truck in North America, is a structure underneath a railway vehicle (wagon, coach or locomotive) to which axles (hence, wheels) are attached through bearings . In Indian English , bogie may also refer to an entire railway carriage . In South Africa ,
390-585: The axle load is higher compared to conventional train sets due to the reduced number of wheels and bogies. Bogie A bogie ( / ˈ b oʊ ɡ i / BOH -ghee ) (or truck in North American English) comprises two or more wheelsets (two wheels on an axle ), in a frame, attached under a vehicle by a pivot. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transport. A bogie may remain normally attached (as on many railroad cars and semi-trailers ) or be quickly detachable (as for
420-478: The 1930s, a number of streamlined trains built for the London and North Eastern Railway also made use of articulated technology. Manufacturers such as Gunderson make articulated, low-floor "well" cars , articulated trailer carriers and articulated autoracks . At 34 m (111 ft 6 + 9 ⁄ 16 in) long, Modalohr is also articulated. Articulated cars have a number of advantages. They save on
450-564: The Willowbrook spur and pocket track to transfer between the two lines. In January 2021, the final train of the contract was delivered by Kinki Sharyo, with the $ 1.02 billion project completed on time and on budget. Articulated car Articulated passenger cars are becoming increasingly common in Europe and the US. The passageways between the car elements are permanently attached. There
480-423: The contract for the first 78 cars to Kinki Sharyo for $ 299 million. The remaining cars were split into four options with 28, 39, 21 and 69, respectively. If all the options were exercised, the number of LRVs would total 235, valued at a total $ 890 million. On July 25, 2013, Metro exercised two options (69 + 28) totaling 97 additional cars for $ 396.7 million. This brought the total of ordered cars to 175. As part of
510-637: The horizontal axis, as well. Some articulated trams have bogies located under articulations, a setup referred to as a Jacobs bogie . Often, low-floor trams are fitted with nonpivoting bogies; many tramway enthusiasts see this as a retrograde step, as it leads to more wear of both track and wheels and also significantly reduces the speed at which a tram can round a curve. In the past, many different types of bogie (truck) have been used under tramcars (e.g. Brill , Peckham, maximum traction). A maximum traction truck has one driving axle with large wheels and one nondriving axle with smaller wheels. The bogie pivot
540-549: The individual axles to align with curves in addition to the bogie frame as a whole pivoting. For non-radial bogies, the more axles in the assembly, the more difficulty it has negotiating curves, due to wheel flange to rail friction. For radial bogies, the wheel sets actively steer through curves, thus reducing wear at the wheel's flange-to-rail interface and improving adhesion. In the US, radial steering has been implemented in EMD and GE locomotives. The EMD version, designated HTCR,
570-411: The load and connect the bogies to the cars. Usually, the train floor is at a level above the bogies, but the floor of the car may be lower between bogies, such as for a bilevel rail car to increase interior space while staying within height restrictions , or in easy-access, stepless-entry, low-floor trains. Key components of a bogie include: The connections of the bogie with the rail vehicle allow
600-503: The newly expanded Gold Line. Delivery of the vehicles was approximately three years behind schedule, and Metro claimed they were overweight; thus, the agency chose not to exercise their option to purchase more beyond this initially contracted order. However, with multiple light rail lines under construction or in planning and the P865 trains approaching their end of life, Metro anticipated a substantial need for LRVs and thus requested bids for
630-783: The option, Kinki Sharyo, the El Segundo-based U.S. arm of Kinki Sharyo Co. Ltd. of Osaka, announced in December 2014 that they would retrofit an existing space in Palmdale to build the vehicles. Final assembly work was being performed in hangar space the company leased in Palmdale from Los Angeles World Airports . The first car was delivered to Metro in October 2014 for testing before series production begins. The cars began entering service in early 2016, though many were still in
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#1732782819889660-447: The principle of radial steering. The Cleminson system involved three axles, each mounted on a frame that had a central pivot; the central axle could slide transversely. The three axles were connected by linkages that kept them parallel on the straight and moved the end ones radially on a curve, so that all three axles were continually at right angles to the rails. The configuration, invented by British engineer John James Davidge Cleminson,
690-517: The running wheels, as well. The unusually large flanges on the steel wheels guide the bogie through standard railroad switches , and in addition keep the train from derailing in case the tires deflate . To overcome breaks of gauge some bogies are being fitted with variable gauge axles (VGA) so that they can operate on two different gauges. These include the SUW 2000 system from ZNTK Poznań . Radial-steering trucks, also known as radial bogies, allow
720-489: The same concept to the level of a flatcar specialized to take other cars as its load. In archbar or diamond frame bogies, the side frames are fabricated rather than cast . Tram bogies are much simpler in design because of their axle load, and the tighter curves found on tramways mean tram bogies almost never have more than two axles. Furthermore, some tramways have steeper gradients and vertical as well as horizontal curves, which means tram bogies often need to pivot on
750-589: The term bogie is often alternatively used to refer to a freight or goods wagon (shortened from bogie wagon ). A locomotive with a bogie was built by engineer William Chapman in 1812. It hauled itself along by chains and was not successful, but Chapman built a more successful locomotive with two gear-driven bogies in 1814. The bogie was first used in America for wagons on the Quincy Granite Railroad in 1829. The first successful locomotive with
780-573: The testing stage when the Expo Line and Gold Line extensions opened that year, resulting in longer-than-expected headways and some crush loads. By October 2016, four LRVs were being delivered per month. In June 2017, P3010s began to be rolled out on the Blue Line, allowing Metro to begin phasing out the P865s. At the end of 2017, some of the P3010s from the Blue Line were routed for Green Line service using
810-492: The total number of wheels and bogies , reducing initial cost, weight, noise, vibration and maintenance expenses. Further, movement between passenger cars is safer and easier than with traditional designs. Disadvantages primarily relate to lesser operational flexibility. For example, additional cars cannot readily be added to an articulated trainset to accommodate peaks in traffic volume and a mechanical malfunction in one car or power unit can disable an entire trainset. Furthermore,
840-773: Was first granted a patent in the UK in 1883. The system was widely used on British narrow-gauge rolling stock, such as on the Isle of Man and Manx Northern Railways . The Holdfast Bay Railway Company in South Australia , which later became the Glenelg Railway Company, purchased Cleminson-configured carriages in 1880 from the American Gilbert & Bush Company for its 1600 mm ( 5 ft 3 in ) broad-gauge line. An articulated bogie
870-870: Was made standard equipment for the SD70 series , first sold in 1993. The HTCR in operation had mixed results and relatively high purchase and maintenance costs. EMD subsequently introduced the HTSC truck, essentially the HTCR stripped of radial components. GE introduced their version in 1995 as a buyer option for the AC4400CW and later Evolution Series locomotives. However, it also met with limited acceptance because of its relatively high purchase and maintenance costs, and customers have generally chosen GE Hi-Ad standard trucks for newer and rebuilt locomotives. A 19th century configuration of self-steering axles on rolling stock established
900-572: Was the Midland Railway in 1874. Bogies serve a number of purposes: Usually, two bogies are fitted to each carriage , wagon or locomotive , one at each end. Another configuration is often used in articulated vehicles , which places the bogies (often Jacobs bogies ) under the connection between the carriages or wagons. Most bogies have two axles, but some cars designed for heavy loads have more axles per bogie. Heavy-duty cars may have more than two bogies using span bolsters to equalize
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