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66-452: The brewery opened in 1894 on First Avenue between 37th and 38th streets and was originally named after Patrick Skelly, an Irishman who established the company. He renamed the business to Kips Bay Brewing Company the following year after the adjacent neighborhood of Kips Bay . Patrick died in 1908 and ownership of the brewery was turned over to his son Hugh, who served as its president until his death in 1943. The brewery's facilities included

132-767: A meta-analysis of evaluation methodologies and overall organizational impact. CARE International is a confederation of (as of July 2024 ) eighteen national members, two candidate members, and one affiliate member, coordinated by the CARE international secretariat. The secretariat is based in Geneva , Switzerland, with offices in New York City and in Brussels to liaise with the United Nations and European institutions, respectively. Each CARE national member

198-494: A broadened approach as CARE began to expand beyond its original food distribution program. In order to reflect these new broader aims, in 1959 CARE changed the meaning of its acronym a second time, becoming the "Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere". Reflecting this broadened scope, CARE became involved in 1961 with President John F. Kennedy 's establishment of the Peace Corps . CARE was tasked with selecting and training

264-613: A commercial advantage for US agriculture. In 2011 CARE added its first affiliate member, CARE India, and in 2012 the CI board accepted CARE Peru as CARE's second affiliate member. CARE India became a full member in November 2013. The CI board accepted CARE Peru as a full member of the confederation in June 2015. CARE is currently one of the only major NGOs to make their database of project evaluations publicly available, and to regularly conduct

330-496: A court in 1890 as a result of legal action taken by the executors of the estate of David Jones following his death in 1881. In September 1892, plans were prepared by architects Lederle & Co. for a brewery and stock house at 648-650 First Avenue having a frontage of 44.6 feet (13.6 m) and a depth of 125 feet (38 m). Maps published by G.W. Bromley & Co. and the Sanborn Map Company indicate that by 1899

396-537: A day's meals for ten people). In early 1946 CARE purchased 2.8 million of these warehoused rations packs, originally intended for the invasion of Japan , and began advertising in America. On May 11, 1946, six months after the agency's incorporation, the first CARE Packages were delivered in Le Havre , France. These packages contained staples such as canned meats, powdered milk , dried fruits , and fats along with

462-679: A detour for bicyclists when the street level bike lane was closed as a security measure during the general debate of the United Nations General Assembly . A permanent bike lane in the tunnel was planned for implementation prior to the start of the United Nations General Assembly's 79th session in September 2024. First Avenue passes through a variety of neighborhoods. Starting in the south at Houston Street, First Avenue passes through

528-399: A duplication of the work of other agencies, but donors reacted favourably, contributions increased, and this decision would mark the beginning of CARE's shift towards a broader mandate. Between the first deliveries of 1946 and the last European deliveries of 1956, millions of CARE Packages were distributed throughout Europe, over 50% of them to Germany including many delivered as part of

594-557: A family member. President Truman bought the first CARE package. CARE guaranteed delivery within four months to anyone in Europe, even if they had left their last known address, and returned a signed delivery receipt to the sender. Because European postal services were unreliable at the time these signed receipts were sometimes the first confirmation that the recipient had survived the war. The first CARE Packages were in fact surplus "Ten-in-One" US army rations packs (designed to contain

660-634: A few comfort items such as chocolate , coffee , and cigarettes . (Several on the CARE Board of Directors wished to remove the cigarettes, but it was deemed impractical to open and reseal 2.8 million boxes.) 1946 also marked CARE's first expansion out of the US with the establishment of an office in Canada . By early 1947 the supply of "Ten-in-One" ration packs had been exhausted and CARE began assembling its own packages. These new packages were designed with

726-683: A few communities. CARE's programmes during this era focused largely on the construction of schools and nutrition centres, and the continued distribution of food. Nutrition centres in particular would become one of CARE's major areas of concentration, linking with school feeding programs and nutrition education aimed at new mothers. In 1975 CARE implemented a multi-year planning system, again allowing programmes to become both broader and deeper in scope. Projects became increasingly multi-faceted, providing for example not only health education but also access to clean water and an agricultural program to improve nutrition. The multi-year planning system also increased

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792-504: A lack of basic goods and services such as food, clean water, and health care. As CARE's scope expanded both geographically and topically this approach was expanded to include the view that poverty was in many cases caused by social exclusion , marginalization, and discrimination . In the early 1990s CARE adopted a household livelihood security framework which included a multidimensional view of poverty as encompassing not only physical resources but also social position and human capacities. As

858-787: A new cycle. Because the bookkeeping required to manage a Village Savings and Loans Association is quite simple and most groups successfully become independent within a year and enjoy a high rate of long-term group survival. CARE has created over 40,000 Village Savings and Loans Associations (over 1 million members total) across Africa, Asia, and Latin America and in 2008 launched Access Africa which aims to extend Village Savings and Loans Association training to 39 African countries by 2018. The model has also been widely replicated in Africa and Asia and by other large NGOs including Oxfam , Plan International , and Catholic Relief Services . CARE UK later launched lendwithcare.org , which allows members of

924-611: A result of this, by 2000, CARE had adopted a rights-based approach to development . One of their buildings was attacked, and people were killed and wounded, during the September 2016 Kabul attacks . In the 2021 Fall of Kabul after American troops withdrawal, and the fear to women and girls, caused by the Taliban takeover of government, CARE's deputy country director, Marianne O'Grady was reported as saying that women would continue educating their families and neighbours, even 'behind

990-638: A year, arguing that these types of food aid are inefficient and harmful to local markets. Specifically, CARE announced that it would forego all monetized food aid (surplus US food shipped to charities in the developing world who then sell the food on the local market to finance development projects) and all food aid intended to establish a commercial advantage for the donor, and would increase its commitment to buying food aid locally. CARE also announced that it would no longer accept USDA food through Title 1 (concessional sales) or Section 416 (surplus disposal) because these programs are intended mainly to establish

1056-467: Is a confederation of eighteen CARE national members, each of which is registered as an autonomous non-profit non-governmental organization in its own country, two candidate members and one affiliate member. CARE, then the Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe, was formally founded on November 27, 1945, and was originally intended to be a temporary organization. Twenty-two members from

1122-538: Is a major international humanitarian agency delivering emergency relief and long-term international development projects. Founded in 1945, CARE is nonsectarian , impartial, and non-governmental . It is one of the largest and oldest humanitarian aid organizations focused on fighting global poverty. In 2019, CARE reported working in 104 countries, supporting 1,349 poverty -fighting projects and humanitarian aid projects, and reaching over 92.3 million people directly and 433.3 million people indirectly. CARE's programmes in

1188-833: Is a signatory of major international humanitarian standards and codes of conduct including the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Sphere standards, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) principles and standards. CARE is a signatory to the following standards of humanitarian intervention: the Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief,

1254-609: Is an autonomous non-governmental organization registered in the country and runs programs, fundraising, and communications activities both in its own country and in developing countries in which CARE operates. The members are: National members are shown as type "N", candidate members as type "C", amd affiliate members as type "A". In 2016 CARE was active in the following countries (as well as in member and affiliate countries): A total of 962 development and humanitarian aid projects were carried out in these countries, with 80,120,323 million people directly reached. The breakdown by region

1320-805: Is still a small Italian enclave in the Pleasant Valley district of East Harlem, between 114th and 120th Streets. The northern reaches of First Avenue, north of roughly 110th Street have also seen a significant increase in Mexican residents. First Avenue then connects to the Willis Avenue Bridge , which crosses the Harlem River at 125th Street and connects to Willis Avenue in the Bronx . A separate segment of First Avenue runs southbound from 127th Street to 125th, and feeds traffic from

1386-547: Is very wide in this segment, and is separated by a median . The New York Veterans Affairs Medical Center , the Bellevue Hospital , and NYU Langone Health fill the blocks from there to 34th Street . Between 42nd and 48th streets, the avenue runs past United Nations Headquarters. Here a local bypass, United Nations Plaza, splits from the main road, which runs through the First Avenue Tunnel, rejoining

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1452-526: The Berlin airlift in response to the 1948 Soviet blockade of Berlin . The Polish CARE Mission was formally closed by its head, George Goodfellow on December 31, 1949. During CARE's activity in Poland from May 1946 to December 1949, it delivered 201,872 packages valued at $ 2,067,528.5. The US Agricultural Act of 1949 made surplus US agricultural products available to be shipped abroad as aid either directly by

1518-533: The Bosnian War . The concept was also revived in 2011 as an online campaign encouraging donors to fill a "virtual CARE Package" with food aid and services such as education and healthcare. 1967 also marked CARE's first partnership agreement with a government: for the construction of schools in Honduras . Partnership agreements with governments led programmes to become country-wide rather than targeted only to

1584-572: The East Village , once a predominantly German and Jewish neighborhood, now a gentrified area populated mostly by hipsters and yuppies . First Avenue then runs by two large urban development projects, Stuyvesant Town and Peter Cooper Village , two middle-income housing developments that sit on what used to be the Gashouse District , an industrial area. These fill the east side of the avenue from 14th to 23rd Streets. The avenue

1650-633: The Harlem River Drive and RFK Bridge into East Harlem. The primary First Avenue server is the M15/M15+ Select Bus . It runs uptown from Houston Street to East 126th Street, while downtown buses use the parallel Second Avenue . Other bus routes include the following: The BMT Canarsie Line has a station at 14th Street . Care International CARE ( Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere , formerly Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe )

1716-547: The US government or by NGOs including CARE. In 1954 Public Law 480 , also known as the Food for Peace Act, further expanded the availability of surplus US food as aid. This act allowed CARE to expand its feeding programs and disaster relief operations considerably, and between 1949 and 2009 CARE used hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of surplus commodities in disaster relief and programs such as school lunch provision. Although

1782-829: The Upper West Side , the Kips Bay Brewing Company is one of two groups of brewery buildings that survive in Manhattan from the period when brewing was a major industry in New York City. Each building has a copper-clad mansarded cupola in the French Second Empire style at the corner of the roof. From 1953 to 1993, a major tenant in 660 First Avenue was CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere) . The building served as CARE's United States headquarters for forty years until

1848-488: The Willis Avenue Bridge over the Harlem River , which continues into the Bronx . South of Houston Street, the roadway continues as Allen Street south to Division Street. Traffic on First Avenue runs northbound (uptown) only. Like most of Manhattan's major north-south Avenues, First Avenue was proposed as part of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 for Manhattan, which designated 12 broad north-south Avenues running

1914-544: The 1980s and early 1990s focused particularly on agroforestry initiatives such as reforestation and soil conservation in eastern Africa and South America . CARE also responded to a number of major emergencies during this period, notably the 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia and the 1991–1992 famine in Somalia . The 1990s also saw an evolution in CARE's approach to poverty. Originally CARE had viewed poverty primarily as

1980-534: The American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service met to ratify the articles of incorporation for CARE to Europe. Churches, welfare organisations and trade unions were among the 22 founding members. World War II had ended in August of the same year. After pressure from the public and Congress, President Harry S. Truman agreed to let private organizations provide relief for those starving due to

2046-521: The Polish ambassador in Washington, explaining the plan and asking for his assistance in obtaining Polish government's consent to its extension to Poland. The organization delivered its first food packages in 1946. CARE's food aid took the form of CARE Packages , which were at first delivered to specific individuals: the US people paid $ 10 to send a CARE Package of food to a loved one in Europe, often

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2112-712: The Sphere standards, and the Core Humanitarian Standard As well, CARE is a member of a number of networks aiming to improve the quality and coordination of humanitarian aid: The Emergency Capacity Building Project , The Consortium of British Humanitarian Agencies , the Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action , the Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response ,

2178-465: The United Nations complex and the blocks on the west side of First Avenue. The 1,377-foot-long (420 m) tunnel runs between portals at 42nd and 47th streets. While the tunnel has always operated one-way in the northbound direction, it was originally designed to accommodate separate lanes for northbound and southbound traffic because First Avenue was a two-way street prior to the start of

2244-439: The brewing equipment. The brewery reopened in 1934 after the repeal of Prohibition and remained in operation until 1947. After the closure of the brewery, both of its seven story buildings remained intact and were subsequently converted into offices. These include 660 First Avenue at the southeast corner of 38th Street and 650 First Avenue at the northeast corner of 37th Street. Along with the former Yuengling Brewing complex on

2310-425: The company's facilities had expanded southward along the east side of First Avenue to its intersection with 37th Street. According to the records of architects J. B. Snook & Sons , the firm was involved in designing several projects on the site including an addition to the roof at 648-650 First Avenue, a penthouse at First Avenue and 37th Street, and the "Kips Bay Brewery," the latter of which occurred in 1901. On

2376-676: The confederation to twelve members in the early 2000s, with CARE Netherlands (formerly the Disaster Relief Agency) joining in 2001 and CARE Thailand (called the Raks Thai Foundation) joining in 2003, becoming the first CARE National Member in a developing country. CARE's well-known "I am Powerful" campaign launched in the US in September 2006 and was intended to bring public attention to the organization's long-standing focus on women's empowerment . CARE states that its programs focus on women and girls both because

2442-484: The developing world address a broad range of topics including emergency response , food security , water and sanitation , economic development , climate change , agriculture , education , and health . CARE also advocates at the local, national, and international levels for policy change and the rights of poor people. Within each of these areas, CARE focuses on empowering and meeting the needs of women and girls and promoting gender equality . CARE International

2508-485: The development of "self-help" packages containing tools for farming, carpentry, and other trades. In 1953, because of its expansion to projects outside Europe, CARE changed the meaning of its acronym to "Cooperative for American Remittances to Everywhere". As Europe recovered economically, CARE faced the need to re-evaluate its mission: in 1955 several board members argued that with the European recovery CARE's mandate

2574-602: The establishment of an umbrella organization to coordinate and prevent duplication among the various national CARE organizations. This new body was named CARE International and met for the first time on January 29, 1982, with CARE Canada, CARE Germany, CARE Norway, and CARE USA (formerly simply CARE) in attendance. CARE International would expand significantly during the 1980s, with the addition of CARE France in 1983; CARE International UK in 1985; CARE Austria in 1986; and CARE Australia, CARE Denmark, and CARE Japan in 1987. Along with broader development work CARE's projects in

2640-691: The fire written in The Brooklyn Daily Times . While the East Side of Manhattan was home to a number of large breweries in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that took advantage of the East River for shipments of malt and hops by barge and the lagering of beer in the banks of the river, the Kips Bay Brewing Company was a neighborhood brewery that did not distribute its beer outside of Manhattan, catering only to patrons at its on-site taproom and to restaurants and saloons in

2706-751: The first group of volunteers, who would later be deployed to development projects in Colombia . The Peace Corps assumed greater control over the training of Peace Corps Volunteers in subsequent missions, but CARE continued to provide country directors to the Peace Corps until CARE-Peace Corps joint projects ended in 1967. In 1962 CARE merged with and absorbed the medical aid organization MEDICO, which it had been working closely with for several years previously. The merger considerably increased CARE's capacity to deliver health programming including trained medical personnel and medical supplies. During this transition

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2772-629: The former Kips Bay Malt House, a six-story brick building located at the southeast corner of First Avenue and 38th Street, which Skelly bought at a trustee's auction in March 1892. The purchase included property having frontages of 148.1 feet (45.1 m) on First Avenue and 150 feet (46 m) on 38th Street and also contained more than 80 feet (24 m) of waterfront access on the East River . The malt house had been previously owned by brewers Simon Bernheimer and David Jones; its sale had been ordered by

2838-487: The help of a nutritionist. They did not include cigarettes and were tailored somewhat by destination: Kosher packages were developed, and for example packages destined for the United Kingdom included tea rather than coffee, and packages for Italy included pasta . By 1949 CARE offered and shipped more than twelve different packages. From July 1948 to the present, CARE sent 100,000 packages to Japan. Although

2904-477: The large number of hospitals located nearby. Crossing 96th Street , First Avenue runs through Spanish Harlem , a historically Puerto Rican neighborhood. Before Puerto Rican migration in the 1950s, much of this district was populated by Italians and known as " Italian Harlem ". First Avenue in Italian Harlem was the site of a major open-air pushcart market in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. There

2970-520: The length of the island. The southern portions of the Avenue were cut and laid out shortly after the plan was adopted. The northern sections of the Avenue would be graded and cut through at various intervals throughout the 19th century as the northward development of the island demanded. The IRT Second Avenue Line ran above First Avenue from Houston Street to 23rd Street before turning west at 23rd and then north onto Second Avenue . This elevated line

3036-427: The local area that were reachable by deliveries from the company’s horse drawn wagons. In 1928, the brewery was shut down during Prohibition after a raid by federal agents discovered that five percent alcohol beer was being manufactured and smuggled out of the facility through garage doors that were camouflaged with brick and imitation steam and water pipes. The federal government seized the beer and took possession of

3102-710: The local street at 49th Street . Crossing under the Queensboro Bridge and entering the Upper East Side , First Avenue runs through a number of residential areas. It serves as one of the main shopping streets of the Yorkville neighborhood, historically a working class German and Hungarian neighborhood, today a wealthy enclave of upper-class residents. In this district, First Avenue is also known as "Bedpan Alley" (a play on " Tin Pan Alley ") because of

3168-403: The model by adapting the model of Accumulating Savings and Credit Associations . The model involve groups of about 15–30 people who regularly save and borrow using a group fund. Member savings create capital that can be used for short-term loans and capital and interest is shared among the group at the end of a given period (usually about a year), at which point the groups normally re-form to begin

3234-474: The morning of January 25, 1905, a fire broke out in the grinding room on the fourth floor of the malt house , resulting in a three-alarm fire that drew twelve fire engines, four ladder trucks and three fireboats to the site. The water used in fighting the fire was absorbed by 115,000 US bushels (4,100,000 L) of grain and malt stored on the upper floors, which caused the building's walls on First Avenue and 38th Street to crack and ultimately collapse. The blaze

3300-489: The organization had originally intended to deliver packages only to specified individuals, within a year CARE began delivering packages addressed for example "to a teacher" or simply "to a hungry person in Europe". These unspecified donations continued and in early 1948 CARE's board voted narrowly to officially move towards unspecified donations and to expand into more general relief. Some founding member agencies disagreed with this shift, arguing that more general relief would be

3366-494: The organization in a new direction. Twenty-two of CARE's forty-two missions were closed, mostly in European countries, and efforts were concentrated on food distribution and emergency response in the developing world. In 1956 CARE distributed food to refugees of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 , and this would be among the last of CARE's operations in Europe for many years. With a broadened geographic focus came

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3432-524: The organization moved to Atlanta. 660 First Avenue currently serves as medical office space for the nearby NYU Langone Health academic medical center. 650 First Avenue is a 125,000-square-foot (11,600 m) building that also primarily accommodates medical office space. While the former brewery's large floors and windowless space would normally not be appealing to most businesses, the buildings' proximity to hospitals and other doctors made them attractive as medical office space. In March 2023, 650 First Avenue

3498-685: The organization's mission had originally been focused on Europe, in July 1948 CARE opened its first non-European mission, in Japan . Deliveries to China and Korea followed, which CARE described as aid to areas "implicated by WWII". In 1949 CARE entered the developing world for the first time, launching programs in the Philippines . Projects in India , Pakistan , and Mexico began soon after. 1949 also marked CARE's first expansion into non-food aid with

3564-488: The original CARE Package was phased out. The last food package was delivered in 1967 and the last tools package in 1968. Over 100 million CARE Packages had been delivered worldwide since the first shipment to France. Although 1968 marked the official "retirement" of the CARE Package the format would occasionally be used again, for example in CARE's relief to the republics of the former Soviet Union and to survivors of

3630-472: The public to make microloans , including green loans, to entrepreneurs in Africa and Asia. It avoids many of the criticisms levelled at Kiva.org . In 1993 CARE, to reflect its international organizational structure, changed the meaning of its acronym for a third time, adopting its current name the "Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere". CARE also marked its 50th anniversary in 1994. CARE expanded

3696-651: The scope for country-wide projects and partnerships with local governments. A 1977 project for example provided for the construction of over 200 pre-schools and kindergartens throughout Chile over several years, jointly funded by CARE and the Chilean Ministry of Education . Although CARE had opened an office in Canada in 1946, it was not until the mid-1970s that the organization truly started to become an international body. CARE Canada (initially Care of Canada) became an autonomous body in 1973. In 1976 CARE Europe

3762-420: The tunnel's construction. Work on the project commenced on August 1, 1949 with the relocation of the subsurface utilities that were located in the path of the tunnel. A protected bike lane was established along the left side of the avenue south of 50th Street in 2011. From 2019 to 2023, a temporary bike lane was established in the tunnel on First Avenue adjacent to the United Nations headquarters to provide

3828-515: The walls', compared to the regime 25 years ago, despite Taliban rules. In the early 1990s CARE also developed what would become an important model for cooperative microfinance . This model is called the Village Savings and Loans Associations and it began in 1991 as a pilot project run by CARE's Country Office in Niger . The pilot project was called Mata Masu Dubara and CARE Niger developed

3894-424: The war. CARE was initially a consortium of twenty-two U.S. charities (a mixture of civic , religious, cooperative , farm, and labour organizations ) to deliver food aid to Europe in the aftermath of World War II . Donald M. Nelson was the first executive director, but then William N. Haskell served as executive director from late 1945 until 1947. In February 1946, William N. Haskell wrote to Oskar Lange,

3960-409: The world's poor are disproportionately female and because women's empowerment is thought to be an important driver of development. CARE also emphasizes that it considers working with boys and men an important part of women's empowerment, and that women's empowerment benefits both genders. In 2007 CARE announced that by 2009 it would no longer accept certain types of US food aid worth some $ 45 million

4026-490: Was as follows: For the fiscal year 2016, CARE reported a budget of more than 574 million Euros and a staff of 9,175 (94% of them local citizens of the country where they work). CARE supports emergency relief as well as prevention, preparedness, and recovery programs. In 2016, CARE reportedly reached more than 7.2 million people through its humanitarian response. CARE's core sectors for emergency response are Food Security, Shelter, WASH and Sexual & Reproductive Health. CARE

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4092-616: Was established in Bonn following the successful fund-raising campaign "Dank an CARE" (Thanks to CARE). In 1981 CARE Germany was created and CARE Europe moved its headquarters to Paris . CARE Norway had been created in 1980, and CAREs in Italy and the UK were established. The popularity of CARE offices in Europe was attributed to the fact that many Europeans remembered receiving CARE assistance themselves between 1945 and 1955. In 1979 planning began for

4158-476: Was finished and the organization should dissolve. Other Board members however felt that CARE's mission should continue albeit with a new focus on the developing world. In July 1955 the Board of Directors voted to continue and expand CARE projects outside of Europe. Paul French , CARE's executive director at the time, resigned over the debate. New executive director Richard W. Reuter took over in 1955 and helped lead

4224-406: Was prevented from spreading into the adjacent brewery by a thick wall that separated the two structures and the actions of the firefighters to contain the blaze within the building where the fire originated. The Kips Bay Malt House was originally built by Otto Neidlinger in 1864; the building was characterized as "one of the oldest structures of the kind in this city" according to an article concerning

4290-510: Was purchased for $ 33.5 million by Lalezarian Properties, which planned to convert the structure into a residential building. Designed by Ismael Leyva Architects, the conversion would add three more stories to the building and contain 111 apartments. First Avenue (Manhattan) First Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan , running from Houston Street northbound to 127th Street . At 125th Street , most traffic continues onto

4356-483: Was torn down in 1942. First Avenue has carried one-way traffic since June 4, 1951. The tunnel on First Avenue adjacent to the west side of the Headquarters of the United Nations opened to traffic on April 3, 1953. This vehicular tunnel was constructed to provide a bypass for through traffic, reducing traffic volumes on the street level above the tunnel, which was intended to function as a local service road for

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