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60-514: The Hurtigruten coastal express boat has regular stops at Kjøllefjord. Kjøllefjord Church is located in the village. One of the largest fish processing and fishing companies in Kjøllefjord is a branch of Aker Seafoods . Another large company is Laksefjord Seafood AS . Kjøllefjord Airport once served the village, but it is now closed. Like all other fishing villages, Kjøllefjord has fishing as their main business. By 24 June 2015, there

120-556: A staple food source since at least 3000 BC. The fish is served numerous ways, and many regional recipes are used: eaten raw, fermented, pickled , or cured by other techniques, such as being smoked as kippers . Herring are very high in the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA . They are a source of vitamin D . Water pollution influences the amount of herring that may be safely consumed. For example, large Baltic herring slightly exceeds recommended limits with respect to PCB and dioxin , although some sources point out that

180-407: A feeding method also used by adult herring on larger prey items like krill. If prey concentrations reach very high levels, as in microlayers, at fronts, or directly below the surface, herring become filter feeders , driving several meters forward with wide open mouth and far expanded opercula , then closing and cleaning the gill rakers for a few milliseconds. Copepods, the primary zooplankton, are

240-405: A few centimetres. If copepod concentrations reach high levels, schooling herrings adopt a method called ram feeding . In the photo below, herring ram feed on a school of copepods. They swim with their mouths wide open and their operculae fully expanded. The fish swim in a grid where the distance between them is the same as the jump length of their prey, as indicated in the animation above right. In

300-450: A herring in one locality might be called something else in another locality. Some examples: The species of Clupea belong to the larger family Clupeidae (herrings, shads , sardines , menhadens ), which comprises some 200 species that share similar features. These silvery-coloured fish have a single dorsal fin , which is soft, without spines. They have no lateral line and have a protruding lower jaw. Their size varies between subspecies:

360-546: A local airport network and road improvements. Operating subsidies were gradually phased out, and the operators put more emphasis on tourism. New, bigger and more luxurious ships were introduced in the 1980s, with attention given to hot tubs, bars, restaurants and other comforts. However, Hurtigruten still serves important passenger and cargo needs, and operates 365 days a year. The last two independent shipping companies, Ofotens og Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab (OVDS) and Troms Fylkes Dampskibsselskap (TFDS), merged on 1 March 2006 as

420-437: A major item on the forage fish menu. Copepods are typically 1–2 mm ( 1 ⁄ 32 – 3 ⁄ 32  in) long, with a teardrop-shaped body. Some scientists say they form the largest animal biomass on the planet. Copepods are very alert and evasive. They have large antennae (see photo below left). When they spread their antennae, they can sense the pressure wave from an approaching fish and jump with great speed over

480-611: A memorial to the incident stands at Bodø. On October 21, 1962 MS Sanct Svithun ran onto a reef in the maritime area Folda in Nord-Trøndelag because of a major navigational error after leaving Trondheim . Of 89 persons on board (passengers, crew and two postal officers) 41 died. In 2011 MS  Nordlys suffered an engine room fire, leading to two deaths among the crew. [REDACTED] Media related to Hurtigruten at Wikimedia Commons Herring Herring are various species of forage fish , mostly belonging to

540-409: A school of herring into a tight bait ball . Different predatory species then use different techniques to pick the fish off in the bait ball. The sailfish raises its sail to make it appear much larger. Swordfish charge at high speed through the bait balls, slashing with their swords to kill or stun prey. They then turn and return to consume their "catch". Thresher sharks use their long tails to stun

600-563: A single team (since 1992) in the Nordkynn football club , which plays in the 3rd division of Norwegian football . In 1987, a sports hall was constructed. The scenery in the area is diverse, with both plateaus and valleys with rich vegetation. After about a 20-minute hike from Kjøllefjord to the east, one comes to the world's northernmost broadleaf forests with large birch trees. The area consists of Oksevågdalen, where one finds rivers and lakes. The climate can be summarized as follows: Most of

660-417: A snowmobile safari under the northern lights , guided bus tours and, in collaboration with Davvi Siida, excursions based on Sami culture and local history for tourists all year round. In the greater Kjøllefjord area, there are over 240 kilometres (150 mi) of marked hiking trails, several of which originate from Kjøllefjord. Most of these trails are old trails where people walked between the settlements in

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720-526: A storeroom for Finnmark products, which were picked up by ships from Bergen and later by Danish ships, as a port for Russian lodgers who bartered and traded along the coast, and as a haven for foreign ships from the White Sea that were shipping from Arkhangelsk , there was always a lot of life and stir." Like so many other places in Finnmark, Kjøllefjord's buildings were set ablaze by German soldiers in

780-539: Is 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the airport in Mehamn , Mehamn Airport . In 1989 a road was completed to Kjøllefjord, finally connecting it to the rest of Norway by road. The school building that stands in Kjøllefjord was new at the start of the school year in 1956, and in 1963 it was added. In connection with the introduction of the Curriculum in 1997, they got a modern annex which is currently used for 1st grade and

840-585: Is a Norwegian public coastal route transporting passengers that travel locally, regionally and between the ports of call, and also cargo between ports north of Tromsø . Hurtigruten provides daily, year-round and consistent traffic between Bergen and Kirkenes with 34 ports of call on northbound and 33 ports of call on southbound sailings. The Ministry of Transport and Communications in Norway has set minimum capacity requirements of 320 passengers, 120 berths and cargo for 150 Euro-pallets. The current agreement with

900-562: Is a list of ships sailing on the Hurtigruten. In order, northbound: As part of its slow television series, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation transmitted non-stop the Hurtigruten ship MS  Nordnorge 's 134-hour voyage from Bergen to Kirkenes , which started on June 16, 2011. Before World War II, a number of ships perished, usually because they ran aground in bad visibility. Most of

960-533: Is published in Kjøllefjord. Kjøllefjord has been a trading post and fishing village serving the northern edge of Norway, along the Barents Sea since around the 1500s. In 1685, the county governor Hans H. Lilienskiold took a journey along the coast of Finnmark county. He visited the village of Kjøllefjord and he noted that there was a landowning widow who also traded while three other traders worked here for merchants from Bergen. In 1690, Finnmark county

1020-694: Is the Atlantic herring , which comprises over half of all herring capture. Fish called herring are also found in the Arabian Sea , Indian Ocean , and Bay of Bengal . Herring played an important role in the history of marine fisheries in Europe, and early in the 20th century, their study was fundamental to the development of fisheries science . These oily fish also have a long history as an important food fish , and are often salted , smoked , or pickled . Herring were also known as "silver darlings" in

1080-715: The Atlantic herring (the type species) found in the North Atlantic, and the Pacific herring mainly found in the North Pacific. Subspecific divisions have been suggested for both the Atlantic and Pacific herrings, but their biological basis remains unclear. In addition, a number of related species, all in the Clupeidae, are commonly referred to as herrings. The table immediately below includes those members of

1140-686: The Baltic herring ( Clupea harengus membras ) is small, 14 to 18 cm (about 5.5 to 7 inches); the proper Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus harengus ) can grow to about 46 cm (18 in) and weigh up 700 g (1.5 lb); and Pacific herring grow to about 38 cm (15 in). At least one stock of Atlantic herring spawns in every month of the year. Each spawns at a different time and place (spring, summer, autumn, and winter herrings). Greenland populations spawn in 0–5 metres (0–16 feet) of water, while North Sea (bank) herrings spawn at down to 200 m (660 ft) in autumn. Eggs are laid on

1200-548: The Hurtigruten Group , a year later becoming Hurtigruten ASA. In 2015 Hurtigruten was delisted from the Oslo stock exchange after the company was acquired by the private equity group TDR Capital . In addition to the voyages in Norway, the company operates expedition cruises to Greenland, Canada, South America, Iceland, Svalbard and Antarctica. The Ministry of Transport and Communications in Norway announced in 2017 that

1260-469: The blue whale , is said to be the largest biomechanical event on Earth. Adult herring are harvested for their flesh and eggs, and they are often used as baitfish . The trade in herring is an important sector of many economies around the world. In Europe, the fish has been called the "silver of the sea", and its trade has been so significant to many countries that it has been regarded as the most commercially important fishery in history. Herring has been

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1320-508: The pelagic zone . Conversely, they are a central prey item or forage fish for higher trophic levels . The reasons for this success are still enigmatic; one speculation attributes their dominance to the huge, extremely fast cruising schools they inhabit. Herring feed on phytoplankton , and as they mature, they start to consume larger organisms. They also feed on zooplankton, tiny animals found in oceanic surface waters , and small fish and fish larvae. Copepods and other tiny crustaceans are

1380-538: The 1980s it was abandoned when the nearby Mehamn Airport was opened. Today, Mehamn Airport has routes to Hammerfest , Tromsø , Vadsø , and Kirkenes . In 2005, Statkraft constructed a wind farm near the mountain Gartefjellet, with a maximum capacity of 40 megawatts (54,000 hp). The 17 wind turbines have an annual power output of 155 gigawatt-hours (560 TJ) and provide for the electrical needs of about 6,000 households. The newspaper Kyst og Fjord

1440-743: The Baltic, copepods of the genus Acartia can be present in large numbers. However, they are small in size with a high escape response, so herring and sprat avoid trying to catch them. These copepods also tend to dwell more in surface waters, whereas herring and sprat, especially during the day, tend to dwell in deeper waters. Predators of herring include seabirds , marine mammals such as dolphins , porpoises , whales , seals , and sea lions , predatory fish such as sharks , billfish , tuna , salmon , striped bass , cod , and halibut . Fishermen also catch and eat herring. The predators often cooperate in groups, using different techniques to panic or herd

1500-462: The Hurtigruten contract was split into three contracts. The contracts were put up for bid and in the end, two were granted to Hurtigruten AS and one to Havila Kystruten AS, with each operating seven and four ships respectively. The two companies will alternate departure days for the entire route from Bergen to Kirkenes. Havila Kystruten AS is building four new vessels to serve the route, while Hurtigruten AS will be refitting seven of its vessels to meet

1560-463: The Hurtigruten fleet was sunk during World War II. In September 1954 SS  Nordstjernen ran aground in Raftsundet at night. The ship started taking on water and eventually sank. Of the 157 passengers and 46 crew members on board, five died. On January 8, 1958, a fire broke out on board MS Erling Jarl while the vessel was docked at Bodø . Fourteen people died of smoke inhalation. Today

1620-715: The SFO. At primary school in Kjøllefjord, there are about 150 pupils in 1st-10th grade. The school has a total of 23 teachers plus several assistants and support staff. Since 2005, Kjøllefjord joined the LOSA project, which allowed high school students to take their first year of high school online from home rather than traveling to the nearest high school (which can be far away). [REDACTED] Media related to Kjøllefjord at Wikimedia Commons Hurtigruten Hurtigruten ( lit.   ' Express Route ' ), formally Kystruten Bergen-Kirkenes ("coastal route Bergen - Kirkenes "),

1680-568: The United Kingdom. A number of different species, most belonging to the family Clupeidae , are commonly referred to as herrings. The origins of the term "herring" is somewhat unclear, though it may derive from the same source as the Old High German heri meaning a "host, multitude", in reference to the large schools they form. The type genus of the herring family Clupeidae is Clupea . Clupea contains only two species:

1740-409: The air. Some whales lunge feed on bait balls. Lunge feeding is an extreme feeding method, where the whale accelerates from below the bait ball to a high velocity and then opens its mouth to a large gape angle. This generates the water pressure required to expand its mouth and engulf and filter a huge amount of water and fish. Lunge feeding by rorquals , a family of huge baleen whales that includes

1800-599: The almost endless stream of herring allows a herring to eventually snap up the copepod. A single juvenile herring could never catch a large copepod. Other pelagic prey eaten by herring includes fish eggs, larval snails , diatoms by herring larvae below 20 mm ( 13 ⁄ 16  in), tintinnids by larvae below 45 mm ( 1 + 3 ⁄ 4  in), molluscan larvae, menhaden larvae, krill , mysids , smaller fishes, pteropods , annelids , Calanus spp., Centropagidae , and Meganyctiphanes norvegica . Herrings, along with Atlantic cod and sprat , are

1860-477: The animation, juvenile herring hunt the copepods in this synchronised way. The copepods sense with their antennae the pressure wave of an approaching herring and react with a fast escape jump. The length of the jump is fairly constant. The fish align themselves in a grid with this characteristic jump length. A copepod can dart about 80 times before it tires. After a jump, it takes it 60 milliseconds to spread its antennae again, and this time delay becomes its undoing, as

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1920-501: The boats were under 30 feet (9.1 m). Throughout history, fishing has been the nerve center for the community's activities, in good as well as bad times. After the war, 14 stores, two smaller hotels, and five cafes were built and the population increased to 1,700 inhabitants. In recent years tourism has become an important part of Kjøllefjord's economy. Arctic Coast AS holds the primary responsibility for tourist information and excursions in and around Kjøllefjord. The company offers

1980-478: The bright nights begin on April 24 and end on August 20. The midnight sun can be seen the first time on May 13 and the last time on July 31. Kjøllefjord sits near the western edge of the Øst-Finnmark district. The place is totally out onto the Arctic Ocean, therefore there may be harsh conditions from northwesterly winds. Two inner breakwaters screen the marina and industrial piers from the sea. Kjøllefjord

2040-477: The cancer-reducing effect of omega-3 fatty acids is statistically stronger than the carcinogenic effect of PCBs and dioxins. The contaminant levels depend on the age of the fish which can be inferred from their size. Baltic herrings larger than 17 cm (6.7 in) may be eaten twice a month, while herrings smaller than 17 cm can be eaten freely. Mercury in fish also influences the amount of fish that women who are pregnant or planning to be pregnant within

2100-435: The egg layers are too thick they suffer from oxygen depletion and often die, entangled in a maze of mucus . They need substantial water microturbulence, generally provided by wave action or coastal currents . Survival is highest in crevices and behind solid structures, because predators feast on openly exposed eggs. The individual eggs are 1 to 1.4 mm ( 3 ⁄ 64 to 1 ⁄ 16  in) in diameter, depending on

2160-474: The eyes are well pigmented. The rest of the body is nearly transparent, virtually invisible under water and in natural lighting conditions. The dorsal fin forms at 15 to 17 mm ( 19 ⁄ 32 to 21 ⁄ 32  in), the anal fin at about 30 mm ( 1 + 3 ⁄ 16  in)—the ventral fins are visible and the tail becomes well forked at 30 to 35 mm ( 1 + 3 ⁄ 8  in)— at about 40 mm ( 1 + 9 ⁄ 16  in),

2220-565: The fall of 1944, and the entire population of approximately 700 people were evacuated and scattered throughout the country. After the liberation in 1945, most residents came back. The rebuilding began, regulation plans were prepared and eventually the permanent building plans. In a very short time, the business community was rebuilt and nine relatively modern fisheries started up their business. The fishing fleet grew rapidly, and many skilled fishermen brought ashore an annual average of 12,690 tonnes (12,490 long tons ; 13,990 short tons ) of fish in

2280-494: The family Clupeidae referred to by FishBase as herrings which have been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature . Also, a number of other species are called herrings, which may be related to clupeids or just share some characteristics of herrings (such as the lake herring , which is a salmonid ). Just which of these species are called herrings can vary with locality, so what might be called

2340-595: The family of Clupeidae . Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans , including the Baltic Sea , as well as off the west coast of South America. Three species of Clupea (the type genus of the herring family Clupeidae) are recognised, and comprise about 90% of all herrings captured in fisheries. The most abundant of these species

2400-403: The first round-trip journey from Trondheim on 2 July 1893 bound for Hammerfest , with calls at Rørvik , Brønnøysund , Sandnessjøen , Bodø , Svolvær , Lødingen , Harstad , Tromsø , and Skjervøy . The ship arrived at Svolvær on Monday 3 July at 8pm after 35½ hours and at Hammerfest on Wednesday 5 July after 67 hours. She was commanded by founder of the route Richard With . At that time this

2460-554: The larva begins to look like a herring. Herring larvae are very slender and can easily be distinguished from all other young fish of their range by the location of the vent, which lies close to the base of the tail; however, distinguishing clupeoids one from another in their early stages requires critical examination, especially telling herring from sprats . At one year, they are about 10 cm (4 in) long, and they first spawn at three years. Herrings consume copepods , arrow worms , pelagic amphipods , mysids , and krill in

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2520-419: The long, dark winters. The company had for itself made detailed sailing instructions. Hurtigruten was a substantial breakthrough for communities along its path. Mail from central Norway to Hammerfest, which used to take three weeks in summer and five months in winter, could now be delivered in seven days. Encouraged by Vesteraalens' early success, several other shipping companies obtained a concession to operate

2580-412: The most common zooplankton eaten by herring. During daylight, herring stay in the safety of deep water, feeding at the surface only at night when the chance of being seen by predators is less. They swim along with their mouths open, filtering the plankton from the water as it passes through their gills. Young herring mostly hunt copepods individually, by means of "particulate feeding" or "raptorial feeding",

2640-635: The most important commercial species to humans in the Baltic Sea. The analysis of the stomach contents of these fish indicate Atlantic cod is the top predator, preying on the herring and sprat. Sprat are competitive with herring for the same food resources. This is evident in the two species' vertical migration in the Baltic Sea, where they compete for the limited zooplankton available and necessary for their survival. Sprat are highly selective in their diet and eat only zooplankton, while herring are more eclectic, adjusting their diet as they grow in size. In

2700-539: The municipality has bright, colored lights (representing the northern lights) that light up the cliffs. Kjøllefjord is known for its active cultural life which includes the Chrisfestivalen music festival. Every summer in late June, this small music festival is held and it is named after blues artist Christian (Kris) Lyngedal who was from Kjøllefjord. Football is a popular sport in Kjøllefjord for adolescents and adults. Kjøllefjord and neighboring Mehamn share

2760-418: The new requirements. MS Eirik Raude , MS Trollfjord and MS Otto Sverdrup are all getting modernized and renovated with a scandinavian interior style similar to the expedition vessels MS Roald Amundsen and MS Fridtjof Nansen . The ships will be fitted with filters and LNG compatible engines in order to reduce emissions by 25%. The ships will also get hybrid motors, and battery packs. As of 2020, this

2820-400: The old days. There is a wonderful view of all the trails in the area, and it is easy to navigate. Areas west of the peninsula are very popular for hunting and fishing. Grouse is the most common prey, but people also hunt a lot of hares. In the waters around Kjøllefjord, you can find large Arctic char and trout populations. On 3 July 2013, a new world record for halibut caught on a fishing rod

2880-410: The precipitation falls in the autumn and the winter. April and May are the driest months. Precipitation then rises again somewhat during the summer. February is the coldest month and July / August are the hottest months of the year. Southerly winds are most prominent in the autumn and winter months and northerly winds are most prominent in summer. The dark season lasts from November 18 to January 25, while

2940-411: The privately held company Hurtigruten AS entered into force on 1 January 2012 and expired on 31 December 2019, with an optional 1-year extension. From 2021 the two companies Hurtigruten AS and Havila Kystruten AS will operate the route. As of April 2022, one of the ships of Havila Kystruten, MS Havila Capella, was taken out of service; because of sanctions as a result of the 2022 Invasion of Ukraine,

3000-406: The route, extended to run between Bergen in the southwest and Kirkenes in the far northeast. A fleet of 11 ships visits each of the 34 ports daily, both northbound and southbound. Until the 1940s most ports north of Trondheim could not be reached by road from Oslo, so the sea was the only means of access. Beginning in the 1960s, the role of Hurtigruten changed, in part because of the construction of

3060-471: The sea bed, on rock, stones, gravel, sand or beds of algae . Females may deposit from 20,000 to 40,000 eggs, according to age and size, averaging about 30,000. In sexually mature herring, the genital organs grow before spawning, reaching about one-fifth of its total weight. The eggs sink to the bottom, where they stick in layers or clumps to gravel, seaweed, or stones, by means of their mucous coating, or to any other objects on which they chance to settle. If

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3120-448: The ship no longer had insurance; "the 4 ships of" the company were at that time financed by a Russian company. As of March 2023, Havila Kystruten has 2 out of 4 ships in operation, Havila Capella and Havila Castor. Havila Polaris and Havila Pollux is expected to be delivered before summer 2023. Hurtigruten was established in 1893 by government contract to improve communications along Norway's long, jagged coastline. Vesteraalen began

3180-441: The shoaling fish. These sharks compact their prey school by swimming around them and splashing the water with their tails, often in pairs or small groups. They then strike them sharply with the upper lobe of their tails to stun them. Spinner sharks charge vertically through the school, spinning on their axes with their mouths open and snapping all around. The sharks' momentum at the end of these spiraling runs often carries them into

3240-457: The size of the parent fish and also on the local race. Incubation time is about 40 days at 3 °C (37 °F), 15 days at 7 °C (45 °F), or 11 days at 10 °C (50 °F). Eggs die at temperatures above 19 °C (66 °F). The larvae are 5 to 6 mm ( 3 ⁄ 16 to 1 ⁄ 4  in) long at hatching, with a small yolk sac that is absorbed by the time the larvae reach 10 mm ( 13 ⁄ 32  in). Only

3300-493: The stricter emissions requirements. The four new vessels from Havila will run on LNG and battery power. LNG will cut CO₂ emissions by 25 per cent, and the battery power will yield additional savings. The vessels will be named Havila Capella, Havila Castor, Havila Polaris and Havila Pollux. All four vessels were built at Tersan shipyard in Turkey. Existing vessels from Hurtigruten will be modernized and renovated in order to meet

3360-522: The years 1950, 1951, and 1952. This large haul included 4,835 tonnes (4,759 long tons ; 5,330 short tons ) was pollock , 3,290 tonnes (3,240 long tons ; 3,630 short tons ) were cod , 2,961 tonnes (2,914 long tons ; 3,264 short tons ) of herring , and 1,604 tonnes (1,579 long tons ; 1,768 short tons ) of other fish species. In 1954, the fishing fleet totaled 155 boats. Of these, 27 boats were between 30 and 50 feet (9.1 and 15.2 m) and there were ten boats over 50 feet (15 m). The rest of

3420-405: Was a single fish processing plant operating in Kjøllefjord, Aarsæther, which has since been bought by Aker Seafoods AS , now called Norway Seafood. The company is owned by Kjell Inge Røkke . Aker Seafood has plans to continue production here as well as plans to repair and update the buildings. In the 1970s, the small Kjøllefjord Airport was established for passenger and ambulance flights, but in

3480-497: Was divided into seven trading districts. The author Jonas Lie wrote in the book Tremasteren Fremtiden about the village of Kjøllefjord. He gives a picture of the old monopoly trade system of that era. He writes: "Som opplagssted for Finnmarkske produkter der hentedes av bergensere og senere danske skip, som havn for russiske lodjer der lå og tusket langs kysten, og som nødhavn for fremmede skip i hvitehavsfarten på Arkhangelsk, hersket der alltid meget liv og røre" which means "As

3540-467: Was set when someone pulled in a 233.5-kilogram (515 lb) fish! The Finnkirka (the inspiration for the municipal coat of arms ) is located on the west side of the Nordkinnhalvøya and is a majestic and weathered sea cliff that has a shape that resembles a church. It is believed to have once been an ancient Sami sacrificial site and is still used as a landmark for seafarers. During the winter,

3600-543: Was the fastest route between northern and southern Norway, and this resulted in the route being named Hurtigruten (express route). As of 2008, the Trondheim–Svolvær trip took 33 hours and the Trondheim–Hammerfest trip took 41 hours 15 min. Before Hurtigruten opened, only Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab was willing to make the trip through the then poorly-charted waters; the voyage was especially difficult during

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