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68-761: Founder Amrit Desai came from India in 1960 as a student at the Philadelphia College of Art and taught yoga in Philadelphia. In 1966, he co-founded the Yoga Society of Pennsylvania. In 1972, Desai set up a residential yoga center in Sumneytown, Pennsylvania . In 1974, the organization's name was changed to "Kripalu Yoga Fellowship". It taught Swami Kripalvananda 's teachings, held retreats and other programs, and trained yoga teachers. In 1975, Kripalu bought Summit Station, Pennsylvania, including

136-497: A Kundalini awakening experience that revealed to him that Patanjali's Yoga Sutras are a manual for the practice of Ashtanga Yoga rather than mere philosophy. Out of this experience Desai created a form of hatha yoga called Kripalu Yoga , named in honour of his guru. His Meditation in Motion approach is based on the practical application of Patanjali's Ashtanga Yoga in daily life. The system combines two traditional paths of yoga:

204-548: A wastewater treatment plant or an oil spill . Non-point sources are more diffuse. An example is agricultural runoff . Pollution is the result of the cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take many forms. One would is toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides , persistent organic pollutants , and industrial waste products. Another is stressful conditions such as changes of pH , hypoxia or anoxia, increased temperatures, excessive turbidity , or changes of salinity ). The introduction of pathogenic organisms

272-496: A biomonitor or bioindicator is described as biological monitoring . This refers to the measurement of specific properties of an organism to obtain information on the surrounding physical and chemical environment. Biological testing involves the use of plant, animal or microbial indicators to monitor the health of an aquatic ecosystem . They are any biological species or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal what degree of ecosystem or environmental integrity

340-697: A college art student, he played the flute in a "Music of India" concert at the Commercial Museum at the Philadelphia Convention Center . In 1966, during his first visit to India since his arrival in the United States, Swami Kripalvananda gave him initiation and further instruction in kundalini yoga. In 1966, after returning to the U.S., he left his job to form The Yoga Society of Pennsylvania and teach yoga full-time. Two years later, in 1970, he claimed to have had

408-491: A fourth treatment stage which not many plants have. Solid waste can enter water bodies through untreated sewage, combined sewer overflows, urban runoff, people discarding garbage into the environment, wind carrying municipal solid waste from landfills and so forth. This results in macroscopic pollution– large visible items polluting the water– but also microplastics pollution that is not directly visible. The terms marine debris and marine plastic pollution are used in

476-558: A health center that became a key element of its mission. In 1977, Swami Kripalu moved to the United States, inspiring many people to take up yoga. He returned to India in 1981. The current Stockbridge, Massachusetts location, a former Jesuit seminary on a property called Shadowbrook, opened in December 1983. During the 1980s, Kripalu grew to have over 350 residents. In 1994, it was discovered that Desai had had sexual relationships with female residents and resigned. In 1999, Kripalu changed from

544-413: A low cost treatment option for sewage. UV light (sunlight) can be used to degrade some pollutants in waste stabilization ponds (sewage lagoons). The use of safely managed sanitation services would prevent water pollution caused by lack of access to sanitation. Well-designed and operated systems (i.e., with secondary treatment stages or more advanced tertiary treatment) can remove 90 percent or more of

612-448: A master of tantric sadhana. There are numerous documented accounts of energetic transmission or shaktipat experienced in his presence. D. R. Butler describes a meditation led by Desai at a week-long retreat with about 200 attendees at the 1973 ICSA Yoga Convocation, where Desai was an unannounced guest: Clad in a flowing white robe and sitting before us, Amrit easily assumed the lotus posture, his body perfectly poised. He led us into

680-557: A master plan for increasing the center's capacity and developing it into "a model of environmental responsibility" through improvements to existing buildings, landscaping, and new construction. Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health formerly operated its own water supply . Groundwater from onsite wells was used for its water supply source, supplemented by water purchased from the Lenox water department. There were regulatory agency "concerns" resulting in at least two enforcement actions about

748-405: A meditation and the first thing I noticed was a wave of euphoria permeating my body. Suddenly surges of energy like electrical charges streaked up my spine. These gradually evolved into a steady current of hot energy flowing from my tip of my spine to the top of my head... Brilliant colors stirred inside my head. I thought I would burst with happiness. Nothing had ever felt so good... In a few moments

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816-462: A meeting with Desai during which his heart chakra was "permanently opened" by "the simple touch of Amrit's hand." The Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health was an Ashram. One of the spiritual practices that the single residents were expected to practice was celibacy ( brahmacharya ). Although sex within marriage was condoned at the ashram, after his third child was born in 1968, Desai declared that he would now practice celibacy too. A large celebration

884-543: A negative impact on their uses. It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies include lakes , rivers , oceans , aquifers , reservoirs and groundwater . Water pollution results when contaminants mix with these water bodies. Contaminants can come from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and urban runoff including stormwater . Water pollution may affect either surface water or groundwater . This form of pollution can lead to many problems. One

952-436: A program center that provided the volunteer residential staff and teachers the in-depth study and practice of yoga, along with a yogic lifestyle. A variety of health, yoga and spiritual trainings and programs were offered. As the demand for programs grew, the residential staff grew from 37 to 70. In 1974, Desai spent three months in seclusion at a small cottage on the property that came to be known as Muktidham. Upon his return, he

1020-715: A religious order to a secular non-profit organisation. As of 2008, Kripalu offered more than 750 programs and spiritual retreats attended by about 25,000 people annually. Total annual visitation was reported to be about 30,000 people. Many workshops are conducted by outside presenters. Kripalu Center also offers a semester-long program for young adults; projects in music, weight loss and post-traumatic stress disorder. Independent "Kripalu" instructors pay training and certification fees, in return obtaining liability insurance and other business and marketing support. The center employed about 626 people as of 2008 and could accommodate more than 650 overnight guests. Kripalu hosted over 700 programs

1088-666: A waterway from a single, identifiable source, such as a pipe or ditch . Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain . The U.S. Clean Water Act (CWA) defines point source for regulatory enforcement purposes ( see United States regulation of point source water pollution ). The CWA definition of point source was amended in 1987 to include municipal storm sewer systems, as well as industrial storm water, such as from construction sites. Sewage typically consists of 99.9% water and 0.1% solids. Sewage contributes many classes of nutrients that lead to Eutrophication . It

1156-528: A wide range of programs and professional trainings in health, spirituality, yoga, and more. In 2011, he was awarded a Paul Harris Fellowship from the Rotary Foundation of Rotary International , in Naples, Florida , "in appreciation of tangible and significant assistance given for the furtherance of better understanding and friendly relations among peoples of the world." He provided scholarships to

1224-703: A wide spectrum of chemicals , pathogens, and physical changes such as elevated temperature. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring ( calcium , sodium , iron, manganese , etc.) the concentration usually determines what is a natural component of water and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna. Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials such as plant matter (e.g. leaves and grass) as well as human-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs

1292-549: A year in its Schools of Yoga, Ayurveda, and Integrative Yoga Therapy; its Institute of Extraordinary Living, founded by Kripalu's scholar-in-residence Stephen Cope ; and its conscious leadership program. Kripalu Center's 2019 revenue was $ 37.24 million. In 2020, Kripalu closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, reopening in 2021. Kripalu Yoga is a form of Hatha Yoga with elements of kundalini yoga that combines asanas , pranayama , and meditation . Kripalu states that its teaching

1360-476: Is "following the flow" of prana , or "life-force energy, compassionate self-acceptance, observing the activity of the mind without judgment, and taking what is learned into daily life." Kripalu's 100 acres (40 ha), include forests, lawns, gardens, and access to Lake Mahkeenac . Conservation easements on 225 of the acres were granted in 1997 using a framework of the U.S. Forest Legacy Program . Kripalu's principal 160,000-square-foot (15,000 m) building

1428-463: Is a form of water pollution as well. It causes biological pollution . In many areas of the world, groundwater pollution poses a hazard to the wellbeing of people and ecosystems. One-quarter of the world's population depends on groundwater for drinking, yet concentrated recharging is known to carry short-lived contaminants into carbonate aquifers and jeopardize the purity of those waters. Point source water pollution refers to contaminants that enter

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1496-569: Is a major source of phosphate for example. Sewage is often contaminated with diverse compounds found in personal hygiene , cosmetics , pharmaceutical drugs (see also drug pollution ), and their metabolites Water pollution due to environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants can have wide-ranging consequences. When sewers overflow during storm events this can lead to water pollution from untreated sewage. Such events are called sanitary sewer overflows or combined sewer overflows . Industrial processes that use water also produce wastewater. This

1564-646: Is a pioneer of yoga in the West, and one of the few remaining living yoga gurus who originally brought over the authentic teachings of yoga in the early 1960s. He is the creator of two brands of yoga, Kripalu Yoga and I AM Yoga, and is the founder of five yoga and health centers in the US. His yoga training programs have reached more than 40 countries worldwide and over 8,000 teachers have been certified. Homegrown Gurus , published in 2013, states: "Although Desai has not received scholarly attention, he has arguably been one of

1632-513: Is a process whereby air pollutants from industrial or natural sources settle into water bodies. The deposition may lead to polluted water near the source, or at distances up to a few thousand miles away. The most frequently observed water pollutants resulting from industrial air deposition are sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, mercury compounds, other heavy metals, and some pesticides and industrial by-products. Natural sources of air deposition include forest fires and microbial activity. Acid rain

1700-413: Is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Subsequent negative environmental effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur. This can harm fish and other animal populations. Ocean acidification is another impact of water pollution. Ocean acidification

1768-626: Is another. Contaminants may include organic and inorganic substances. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. Control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure and management plans as well as legislation. Technology solutions can include improving sanitation , sewage treatment , industrial wastewater treatment , agricultural wastewater treatment , erosion control , sediment control and control of urban runoff (including stormwater management). A practical definition of water pollution is: "Water pollution

1836-480: Is being investigated since at least the 1990s. PPCPs include substances used by individuals for personal health or cosmetic reasons and the products used by agribusiness to boost growth or health of livestock. More than twenty million tons of PPCPs are produced every year. The European Union has declared pharmaceutical residues with the potential of contamination of water and soil to be "priority substances". PPCPs have been detected in water bodies throughout

1904-421: Is called industrial wastewater . Using the US as an example, the main industrial consumers of water (using over 60% of the total consumption) are power plants, petroleum refineries, iron and steel mills, pulp and paper mills, and food processing industries. Some industries discharge chemical wastes, including solvents and heavy metals (which are toxic) and other harmful pollutants. Industrial wastewater could add

1972-462: Is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide , which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Some governments have made efforts since the 1970s to reduce the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere. The main source of sulfur and nitrogen compounds that result in acid rain are anthropogenic , but nitrogen oxides can also be produced naturally by lightning strikes and sulphur dioxide

2040-545: Is mandatory regulations, which are only part of the solution. Other important tools in pollution control include environmental education, economic instruments, market forces, and stricter enforcement. Standards can be "precise" (for a defined quantifiable minimum or maximum value for a pollutant), or "imprecise" which would require the use of Best available technology (BAT) or Best practicable environmental option (BPEO). Market-based economic instruments for pollution control can include charges, subsidies, deposit or refund schemes,

2108-518: Is present. One example of a group of bio-indicators are the copepods and other small water crustaceans that are present in many water bodies. Such organisms can be monitored for changes (biochemical, physiological, or behavioral) that may indicate a problem within their ecosystem. Water pollution is a major global environmental problem because it can result in the degradation of all aquatic ecosystems – fresh, coastal, and ocean waters. The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include

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2176-658: Is produced by volcanic eruptions . Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic ecosystems and infrastructure. Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have increased since the 1850s due anthropogenic influences ( emissions of greenhouse gases ). This leads to ocean acidification and is another form of water pollution from atmospheric contributions. Water pollution may be analyzed through several broad categories of methods: physical, chemical and biological. Some methods may be conducted in situ , without sampling, such as temperature. Others involve collection of samples, followed by specialized analytical tests in

2244-413: Is the degradation of aquatic ecosystems . Another is spreading water-borne diseases when people use polluted water for drinking or irrigation . Water pollution also reduces the ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by the water resource . Sources of water pollution are either point sources or non-point sources . Point sources have one identifiable cause, such as a storm drain ,

2312-906: Is the addition of substances or energy forms that directly or indirectly alter the nature of the water body in such a manner that negatively affects its legitimate uses." Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants. Due to these contaminants, it either no longer supports a certain human use, such as drinking water , or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its biotic communities, such as fish. The following compounds can all reach water bodies via raw sewage or even treated sewage discharges: Inadequately treated wastewater can convey nutrients, pathogens, heterogenous suspended solids and organic fecal matter. Bacteria, viruses, protozoans and parasitic worms are examples of pathogens that can be found in wastewater. In practice, indicator organisms are used to investigate pathogenic pollution of water because

2380-510: Is the ongoing decrease in the pH value of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the atmosphere. Water pollution is a problem in developing countries as well as in developed countries . For example, water pollution in India and China is widespread. About 90 percent of the water in the cities of China is polluted. One aspect of environmental protection

2448-906: The Schistosoma type. The source of high levels of pathogens in water bodies can be from human feces (due to open defecation ), sewage, blackwater , or manure that has found its way into the water body. The cause for this can be lack of sanitation procedures or poorly functioning on-site sanitation systems ( septic tanks , pit latrines ), sewage treatment plants without disinfection steps, sanitary sewer overflows and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) during storm events and intensive agriculture (poorly managed livestock operations). Organic substances that enter water bodies are often toxic . Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants . Inorganic water pollutants include for example: The environmental effect of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)

2516-558: The Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation . Lack of access to sanitation is concerning and often leads to water pollution, e.g. via the practice of open defecation : during rain events or floods, the human feces are moved from the ground where they were deposited into surface waters. Simple pit latrines may also get flooded during rain events. As of 2022, Europe and Central Asia account for around 16% of global microplastics discharge into

2584-639: The Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health was founded in Lenox, MA . The staff of Summit Station was transferred to Lenox, and soon grew to 350 full-time resident staff. By 1994, Kripalu Yoga teachers were teaching in 50 states and 45 countries worldwide, and it was described as the world's largest yoga and health center. The Amrit Yoga Institute in Salt Springs, FL was founded in 2001, and currently operates as an ayurvedic healing and yoga retreat center. Regular yoga teacher trainings are offered in

2652-497: The Philadelphia metropolitan area, Delaware , and southern New Jersey , making it one of the largest Yoga organisations at that time. In 1972, the first Kripalu Ashram was founded in Sumneytown, Pennsylvania on a 50-acre property purchased to fulfill the growing demand among students for a yogic lifestyle experience. Desai reduced his teaching to once per week to make time for higher yoga practice. The ashram also became

2720-634: The asana charts. Desai said, "The pranic energy became so strong his body was hurled across the room with tremendous force. As I watched in awe, he was dancing, weaving in and out of complicated asanas." After studying engineering and training with the Indian Air Force in Madras , Desai returned to Halol, where he took a job teaching art at the local high school. He married his betrothed, Urmila Shah, in January 1955. The following year, in 1956,

2788-490: The gills of some fish species. A study published in 2017 stated that "polluted water spread gastrointestinal diseases and parasitic infections and killed 1.8 million people" (these are also referred to as waterborne diseases). Persistent exposure to pollutants through water are environmental health hazards, which can increase the likelihood for one to develop cancer or other diseases. Nitrogen pollution can cause eutrophication, especially in lakes. Eutrophication

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2856-451: The pollutant load in sewage. Some plants have additional systems to remove nutrients and pathogens. While such advanced treatment techniques will undoubtedly reduce the discharges of micropollutants, they can also result in large financial costs, as well as environmentally undesirable increases in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions . Sewer overflows during storm events can be addressed by timely maintenance and upgrades of

2924-591: The Integrative Amrit Method, or the I AM techniques. In 2014, he co-founded the International University of Yoga and Ayurveda that offers accredited training programs in the US and in India. To date, Desai is the founder of five yoga and health centers in the US, and co-founder of a university of Ayurvedic sciences. Yogi Desai was initiated into the secrets of Shaivite kundalini yoga by his guru, Swami Kripalu ( Kripalvananda ),

2992-630: The Lakulish tradition from Kayavarohan in Gujarat, one of the greatest centers of India's older Yoga practices… Yogi Desai has demonstrated a Prana Siddhi in which he can allow the Universal Prana to move not only through his mind and body but also through his environment and into the audience around him, awakening their own inner prana and spiritual intelligence. In the afterword to Ancient Wisdom, Modern Master , Michael A. Singer described

3060-566: The U.S. two years later. Desai is a vegetarian and practices occasional fasting. In 1964, he graduated with a degree in fine arts and design from the Philadelphia College of Art, and then began working at a textile firm. His watercolor paintings won awards at art shows, including at the Philadelphia Museum of Art . He created distinct textures and patterns with razor blades and eye-droppers. In 1961, while still

3128-507: The benefits of a traditional yogic lifestyle. Programs of varying length are offered for yoga teacher training, ayurveda, and recovery. The Salt Springs property was sold in 2023, but AYI continues to hold online classes, as well as in person classes elsewhere, and Yogi Desai continues to teach. While no longer an ashram, Kripalu continues to operate and is presently one of the largest yoga and health centers in North America , offering

3196-497: The context of pollution of oceans. Microplastics persist in the environment at high levels, particularly in aquatic and marine ecosystems , where they cause water pollution. 35% of all ocean microplastics come from textiles/clothing, primarily due to the erosion of polyester, acrylic, or nylon-based clothing, often during the washing process. Stormwater, untreated sewage and wind are the primary conduits for microplastics from land to sea. Synthetic fabrics, tyres, and city dust are

3264-516: The couple moved to Ahmedabad , where he earned his art diploma over the next four years. They had three children between 1959 and 1968. Desai saved enough money to travel to the United States in February 1960, where he entered the Philadelphia College of Art with only enough money to cover his first semester's tuition and rent. By teaching yoga and washing dishes while at college, he eventually saved enough money to bring his wife and infant son to

3332-1188: The creation of a market in pollution credits, and enforcement incentives. Moving towards a holistic approach in chemical pollution control combines the following approaches: Integrated control measures, trans-boundary considerations, complementary and supplementary control measures, life-cycle considerations , the impacts of chemical mixtures. Control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure and management plans. The infrastructure may include wastewater treatment plants , for example sewage treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Agricultural wastewater treatment for farms, and erosion control at construction sites can also help prevent water pollution. Effective control of urban runoff includes reducing speed and quantity of flow. Water pollution requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). Municipal wastewater can be treated by centralized sewage treatment plants, decentralized wastewater systems , nature-based solutions or in onsite sewage facilities and septic tanks. For example, waste stabilization ponds can be

3400-701: The detection of pathogenic organisms in water sample is difficult and costly, because of their low concentrations. The indicators ( bacterial indicator ) of fecal contamination of water samples most commonly used are total coliforms (TC) or fecal coliforms (FC), the latter also referred to as thermotolerant coliforms, such as Escherichia coli . Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. Some microorganisms sometimes found in contaminated surface waters that have caused human health problems include Burkholderia pseudomallei , Cryptosporidium parvum , Giardia lamblia , Salmonella , norovirus and other viruses, and parasitic worms including

3468-487: The following pollutants to receiving water bodies if the wastewater is not treated and managed properly: Agriculture is a major contributor to water pollution from nonpoint sources. The use of fertilizers as well as surface runoff from farm fields, pastures and feedlots leads to nutrient pollution. In addition to plant-focused agriculture, fish-farming is also a source of pollution. Additionally, agricultural runoff often contains high levels of pesticides. Air deposition

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3536-869: The laboratory. Standardized, validated analytical test methods, for water and wastewater samples have been published. Common physical tests of water include temperature, Specific conductance or electrical conductance (EC) or conductivity, solids concentrations (e.g., total suspended solids (TSS)) and turbidity . Water samples may be examined using analytical chemistry methods. Many published test methods are available for both organic and inorganic compounds. Frequently used parameters that are quantified are pH , BOD, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness , nutrients ( nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, e.g. nitrate and orthophosphates ), metals (including copper, zinc , cadmium , lead and mercury ), oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), surfactants and pesticides . The use of

3604-485: The most common sources of microplastics. These three sources account for more than 80% of all microplastic contamination. Surface water pollution includes pollution of rivers, lakes and oceans. A subset of surface water pollution is marine pollution which affects the oceans. Nutrient pollution refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients . Globally, about 4.5 billion people do not have safely managed sanitation as of 2017, according to an estimate by

3672-586: The most influential and sought-after figures in the development of Hatha Yoga in America over the last 40 years." Desai was born on 16 October 1932, the second son of Chimanlal, a village merchant, and Buribhen Desa in Pratappura in Gujarat , India. At age ten, the family moved to Halol . At age 15, he met his guru, Swami Kripalvananda (Bapuji), a wandering Shaivite monk and kundalini yoga master who

3740-681: The original Kripalu Ashram in Sumneytown, Pennsylvania . After a couple of years, mostly in Pennsylvania , the Desai family relocated to Salt Springs, Florida in 2002, where Yogi Desai currently teaches at the Amrit Yoga Institute, a lakeside retreat on the banks of Lake Kerr in the Ocala National Forest. Amrit Yoga Institute is an ashram where the guru-disciple relationship continues to flourish and residents enjoy

3808-660: The people directly involved and to the entire Kripalu family." When Michael A. Singer, a long-time supporter and host of Desai's seminars, heard that Desai had left the Kripalu community, he invited him and his wife to spend some quiet time living with the Temple of the Universe community in Alachua, Florida . The Desais arrived in December 1994 and stayed on the property for roughly three years. In 1996, Desai resumed teaching at

3876-437: The place was a madhouse. People were crying hysterically, laughing uncontrollably, gasping for breath, even rolling on the floor. Apparently everyone was experiencing some manifestation of the same energy I was feeling... My feeling of euphoria continued for several hours and I knew I would never be quite the same again. David Frawley stated: Yogi Desai revived the ancient teachings of the millennial old Shaivite Yoga, rooted in

3944-531: The poor in India, and assisted approximately 5,000 women financially through the Bhuriben Trust, which he founded. He also provided free medicines and medical treatment and helped launch a new children’s school in Halol. Yogi Amrit Desai has been the subject of several biographies, including: Water pollution Water pollution (or aquatic pollution ) is the contamination of water bodies , with

4012-574: The rigorous discipline of Ashtanga yoga with the path of initiation and surrender that is Kundalini yoga. In this system, the student begins with the practice of wilful discipline and gradually moves on to the more advanced practice of surrender to prana . In 1966, the not-for-profit Yoga Society of Pennsylvania was formed, renamed in 1972 as the Kripalu Yoga Fellowship. By 1970, it had trained 44 teachers and grown to 150 yoga classes, attended by more than 2,500 students per week, in

4080-748: The seas, and although management of plastic waste and its recycling is improving globally, the absolute amount of plastic pollution continues to increase unabated due to the large amount of plastic that is being produced and disposed of. Even if sea plastic pollution were to stop entirely, microplastic contamination of the surface ocean would be projected to continue to increase. Elevated water temperatures decrease oxygen levels (due to lower levels of dissolved oxygen , as gases are less soluble in warmer liquids), which can kill fish (which may then rot) and alter food chain composition, reduce species biodiversity , and foster invasion by new thermophilic species. The introduction of aquatic invasive organisms

4148-416: The water supply's potential vulnerability to contamination , and as of 2009 the center's water supply had been converted to rely solely on purchased water obtained from surface water sources. 42°21′00″N 73°19′30″W  /  42.35°N 73.325°W  / 42.35; -73.325 Amrit Desai Your body is the most sacred place of pilgrimage you will ever come to. Amrit Desai

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4216-457: The world. More research is needed to evaluate the risks of toxicity , persistence, and bioaccumulation , but the current state of research shows that personal care products impact the environment and other species, such as coral reefs and fish. PPCPs encompass environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPPs) and are one type of persistent organic pollutants . They are not removed in conventional sewage treatment plants but require

4284-506: Was completed in 2010. Designed by architect Peter Rose , the annex incorporates sustainable design elements and won a 2010 award for specialized housing from the American Institute of Architects . The institute commented on the building's interior natural lighting, and noted that the architectural design and climate control systems are integrated and consume 40 percent less energy than a conventional building. Rose also developed

4352-547: Was constructed by the Jesuits in 1957 to replace the Gilded Age mansion " Shadowbrook Cottage ." The Jesuits had planned to demolish the mansion due to high maintenance costs, but prior to demolition, the mansion was destroyed by a fire in 1956 which resulted in several fatalities. Jesuits had acquired the former estate in 1922 as a novitiate, but moved away in 1970. A $ 15 million, six-story housing annex with 80 guest rooms,

4420-499: Was greeted by 350 disciples, mostly dressed in white, some of whom had travelled from as far away as Detroit , Chicago , and Montreal for the celebration. In 1976, an additional ashram was opened in Summit Station, Pennsylvania to accommodate the growth in program participants and volunteer staff. As a result, the program center grew to provide a greater variety of programs, and the residential staff grew to 150. In 1983,

4488-436: Was held for this event. So important was this practice of celibacy that occasionally meetings were held and residents were asked to divulge anyone they thought might have violated that sacred practice. As a result, some residents were ejected from the community. The irony was that the two most senior members of the community, including Desai, were practising adultery. After years of infidelity with numerous people, in 1994, it

4556-487: Was offering free talks on the Bhagavad Gita in Halol. Desai taught himself yoga postures from a chart he found tacked to the wall of the local gym, and then began teaching others outside the cowshed where his guru lived. After the swami observed him teaching one day, he allowed him to witness his private sadhana . The swami went into a trance-like state and began to perform movements unlike anything he had seen on

4624-414: Was revealed and admitted that Desai had had sexual contact with at least three female resident disciples and was forced to resign his position as Spiritual Director. Then, in an open letter to the Kripalu community, Desai stated, "More than anything I want Kripalu to remain a spiritual home for many. I want you to know that we came to this decision together… I deeply regret any suffering I have caused to

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