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33-520: The town is equipped with a nearly complete city wall and Germany's biggest and most complete early modern fortress, Rosenberg Fortress . The headquarters of German television and AV equipment manufacturer Loewe are located there. Kronach is located at the southwestern edge of the Franconian Forest . The rivers Haßlach , Kronach and Rodach unite in Kronach. Kronach is divided into

66-508: A bordure gules , between two lions rampant away from the shield, and an eagle with expanded wings standing above it. In Australia , Knights or Dames of the Order of Australia may be granted supporters. It is unclear whether supporters may only be used on arms granted by Garter Principal King of Arms , or whether other heraldic authority suffices. Further, as arms may be legitimately adopted upon an armiger's whim, there may be nothing limiting

99-516: A hospital for wounded soldiers. Due to its proximity to the early NSDAP stronghold of Coburg , Kronach fell under the influence of the Nazi Party early on. The first Nazi State Diet Fraction in Germany was founded at a hotel in Kronach, in the presence of Adolf Hitler , Julius Streicher , Hermann Esser , and other Nazis on July 28, 1925. The local SS division, founded later the same year,

132-671: A subcamp of Flossenburg Concentration Camp , was situated in Gundelsdorf, today a town quarter of Kronach. Around 100 Polish Jews were imprisoned there and used as forced labor for the Luftwaffe . From 1942 to 1944, the Fortress was also used as a forced labor camp, originally producing industrial porcelain for Rosenthal and, by war's end, producing the Messerschmidt Me 163 Komet in a specialized facility built into one of

165-618: Is a stop on the Franconian Forest Railway . In 1897, it was connected to the Bavarian telephone network . During the First World War , the Fortress was the site of an officers' prisoner of war camp, in which, among others, a young Charles de Gaulle was interned from July 20 to November 21, 1917. Following two attempted escapes from the fortress, he was transferred to Ingolstadt Fortress . Kronach also hosted

198-501: The New Zealand Order of Merit are granted the use of heraldic supporters. In Spain , there is a difference between tenantes , used for human figures, soportes , used for beasts, and sosténes , used for anything other than humans or beasts. There aren't any rules governing the use, position, or whether they face the viewer or not. As a matter of fact, Vicente de Cadenas y Vicent says "There are no rules that determine

231-567: The Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg . Kronach remained part of the Prince-Bishopric until its secularization in 1803. The town's massive fortress originates from 1130, when Otto of Bamberg had a "stone house and tower" erected in Kronach. When Kronach gained town rights is unclear, but as its inhabitants were termed as "citizens" ( cives ) in a 1260 treaty, it can be assumed that it had attained rights before that date. Kronach

264-784: The Royal Family , and to some chiefs of Scottish clans . Non-hereditary supporters are granted to life peers ; Knights and Ladies Companion of the Order of the Garter ; Knights and Ladies of the Order of the Thistle ; Knights and Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath , the Order of St Michael and St George , the Royal Victorian Order and the Order of the British Empire ; and Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross of

297-737: The United Kingdom . Early forms of supporters are found in medieval seals. However, unlike the coronet or helmet and crest , supporters were not part of early medieval heraldry. As part of the heraldic achievement , they first become fashionable towards the end of the 15th century, but even in the 17th century were not necessarily part of the full heraldic achievement (being absent, for example, in Siebmachers Wappenbuch of 1605). The figures used as supporters may be based on real or imaginary animals, human figures, and in rare cases plants or other inanimate objects, such as

330-516: The pillars of Hercules of the coat of arms of Spain . Often, as in other elements of heraldry, these can have local significance, such as the fisherman and the tin miner granted to Cornwall County Council , or a historical link; such as the lion of England and unicorn of Scotland in the two variations of the coat of arms of the United Kingdom . The arms of nutritionist John Boyd-Orr use two 'garbs' ( wheat sheaves ) as supporters;

363-499: The Catholic Prince-Bishopric against the newly Protestant Electorate of Saxony , this function continued until peace was made in 1648. This border function made thorough fortification necessary, and it was during this period that Rosenberg Fortress was expanded the most. However, many of the inhabitants of the town and its surroundings converted to Protestantism early on. Protestants were eventually expelled from

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396-514: The Fortress' bastions. Kronach was not subjected to mass air raids, and most of the town survived unharmed, although air raids targeting the town's train station started in March 1945. Kronach refused to surrender to the advancing US Army, and was attacked by the 11th Armored Division of the Third Army under George Patton on the morning of April 12, 1945. After heavy fighting that resulted in

429-700: The Prussians decided to bypass Kronach and march south. In 1803, as a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg was secularized, and Kronach was made part of the Electorate , later Kingdom of Bavaria. Kronach lost some of its privileges, and its town walls and fortress were no longer seen as modern or necessary, with parts of the former being reused or demolished. In 1853, Kronach got its first rail line, and in 1866, its first train station. Today, it

462-476: The Scottish chief Dundas of that Ilk had three supporters: two conventional red lions and the whole supported by a salamander. The coat of arms of Iceland even has four supporters. The context of the application of supporters may vary, although entitlement may be considered conditioned by grant of a type of augmentation of honour by admission in orders of chivalry or by heraldic authorities , such as in

495-687: The Swedes and their corpses sent back to the town gates. During the war, Kronach was struck twice by plague, in 1629 and 1634, killing circa 300 and circa 400 people respectively. Kronach was once again put under siege by the Prussian Army during the Seven Years' War . Situated on the Kreuzberg, a hill overlooking the fortress, the Prussians attempted to use field artillery to destroy the fortress. However, their efforts proved insufficient, and

528-549: The Swedish invasion of Bamberg. During the Thirty Years' War , the town experienced one of its most dramatic episodes. It was put under siege for two years, from 1632 to 1634, by a Swedish Army and its German allies, numbering between 3,000 and 5,000. Despite improbable odds, the town and fortress remained unconquered. Famously, after a Swedish sap tore a hole in the town wall in 1634, the Swedish soldiers were repulsed by

561-778: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.150 via cp1114 cp1114, Varnish XID 876627162 Upstream caches: cp1114 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 08:44:58 GMT Supporter In heraldry , supporters , sometimes referred to as attendants , are figures or objects usually placed on either side of the shield and depicted holding it up. Historically, supporters were left to an individual's free choice and were assumed and changed at will, not always having any meaning whatsoever. In more modern times, restrictions have been put in place in certain countries and nowhere more prevalent than in

594-471: The adoption of supporters by any person, should they so choose. In Canada , Companions of the Order of Canada , Commanders of the Order of Military Merit , Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order , people granted the style the Right Honourable , and corporations are granted the use of supporters on their coats of arms. Further, on his retirement from office as Chief Herald , Robert Watt

627-485: The arms of USS  Donald Cook , missiles ; the arms of the state of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil , trees . Letters of the alphabet are used as supporters in the arms of Valencia , Spain. Human supporters can also be allegorical figures , or, more rarely, specifically named individuals. There is usually one supporter on each side of the shield, though there are some examples of single supporters placed behind

660-476: The case of traditional British heraldry . Animal supporters are, by default, as close to rampant as possible, if the nature of the supporter allows it (this does not need to be mentioned in the blazon ), though there are some blazoned exceptions. An example of whales 'non-rampant' is the arms of the Dutch municipality of Zaanstad . Older writers trace origins of supporters to their usages in tournaments, where

693-633: The destruction of 15 buildings, the Americans marched into the town square in the evening of the same day. After the end of the war, Kronach received thousands of East German emigrants, it also hosted deported Sudeten Germans from the former Landkreis of Podersam . The town hosted the Bavarian Regional Garden Show in 2002, and celebrated its millennial anniversary in 2003. Kronach is twinned with: Rosenberg Fortress Too Many Requests If you report this error to

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726-514: The following districts: The area of Kronach has been occupied for millennia, and in the late Bronze Age, the Heunischenburg , the oldest known stone fortification north of the Alps, was built nearby. Kronach was first mentioned in a chronicle of Thietmar of Merseburg in 1003 as urbs crana . In 1122, Holy Roman Emperor Henry V gifted Kronach and its surroundings (the praedium crana ) to

759-527: The last living animal in the town, a female rabbit (the Kroniche Housnküh ) run free on the walls. This convinced the Swedes that the siege was hopeless, since Kronach had enough provisions to set a rabbit loose. The Kroniche Housnküh remains a mascot of the city. The siege is also commemorated, in a macabre manner, on the town's greater coat of arms. The supporters of the shield are two flayed men: according to legend, saboteurs who were executed by

792-606: The shield, such as the imperial eagle of the coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire . The coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo provide an extremely unusual example of two supporters issuing from behind the shield. While such single supporters are generally eagles with one or two heads, there are other examples, including the cathedra in the case of some Canadian cathedrals . At the other extreme and even rarer,

825-470: The shields of the combatants were exposed for inspection, and guarded by their servants or pages disguised in fanciful attire. However, medieval Scottish seals afford numerous examples in which the 13th and 14th century shields were placed between two creatures resembling lizards or dragons. Also, the seal of John, Duke of Normandy , eldest son of the King of France , before 1316 bears his arms as; France ancient,

858-547: The town by the early 17th century, following the maxim of Cuius regio, eius religio , and were only allowed back after the secularization in 1803. During the German Peasant's War, in 1525, the town and fortress surrendered to the peasant host, under the condition that the fortress would not be plundered. Following the intervention of the Swabian League , the peasants were forced out on 25 July, 1525. Kronach

891-460: The town's women, who rained down boiling substances on them and forced them to retreat. The unlikely victory is, to this day, commemorated by a "Swede's Procession" on the Sunday after Corpus Christi , where the citizens and clergy, led by women, march from the fortress to the town square. The siege also gave rise to a popular legend: allegedly, the siege finally ended after the citizens of Kronach let

924-411: The use of [supporters] and it can be considered that their use are complete capriciousness or fantasy, without any precedent, in almost the totality of cases, with documented justification for the inclusion of these ornaments with the arms of a House or individual." The only generally accepted rule is that female and ecclesiastical arms should not have supporters, with the only exception for ecclesiastical

957-454: The use of angels or when it comes to the arms of saints or monasteries. Originally, in England, supporters were regarded as little more than mere decorative and artistic appendages. In the United Kingdom , supporters are typically an example of special royal favour, granted at the behest of the sovereign. Hereditary supporters are normally limited to hereditary peers , certain members of

990-416: Was granted supporters as an honour. In France , writers made a distinctive difference on the subject of supporters, giving the name of Supports to animals, real or imaginary, thus employed; while human figures or angels similarly used are called Tenants (i.e. 'holders'). Trees and other inanimate objects which are sometimes used are called Soutiens . Knights Grand Companion and Principal Companions of

1023-542: Was once again plunged into conflict in 1552, during the Second Margrave War . Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach , attempted to put the town under siege but failed due to the insufficient size of his army. During the Bamberg witch trials , Kronach found itself at the center of witch hysteria, with several of its inhabitants being executed for alleged witchcraft. The trials were only ended by

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1056-553: Was one of the first in Germany. After years of steady Nazi growth, the town was fully put under the party's control in March 1933. The Jewish community of Kronach, which had existed since at least the 14th century and numbered 35 individuals in 1933, was destroyed by Nazi persecution. Synagogue services were ended in 1936, with the building being sold to the town, and the remaining Jewish families were deported starting in 1938. Those who did not emigrate were mostly murdered in concentration camps in 1941 and 1942. The Subcamp Gundelsdorf,

1089-704: Was put under siege by the Hussites in 1430. Although the defense was successful and the fortress remained unconquered, its inhabitants burned part of the town to block the invaders. This destruction caused discord among the town's Burghers, which was only resolved through the intervention of the Prince-Bishop in 1439 through the conference of privileges to the Upper Town of Kronach. With the Reformation in 1517, Kronach became an important border bulwark of

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