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81-657: Kugaaruk ( Inuktitut syllabics : ᑰᒑᕐᔪᒃ Kuugaarjuk or ᑰᒑᕐᕈᒃ Kuugaarruk ; English: "little stream") (also called Arviligjuaqy , meaning "the great bowhead whale habitat"), formerly known as Pelly Bay until 3 December 1999, is located on the shore of Pelly Bay , just off the Gulf of Boothia , Simpson Peninsula , Kitikmeot , in Canada's Nunavut territory. Access is by air by the Kugaaruk Airport , by annual supply sealift , and by sea ice. Kugaaruk means "little stream",

162-727: A boom in condominium construction in the first quarter of the 21st century , as well as the 2013 opening of the Ripley's Aquarium by the base of the tower. When the CN Tower opened in 1976, there were three public observation points: the SkyPod (then known as the Space Deck) that stands at 447 m (1,467 ft), the Indoor Observation Level (later named Indoor Lookout Level) at 346 m (1,135 ft), and

243-605: A taxicab window was shattered. Subsequently, on March 6, 2007, the Gardiner Expressway reopened after winds abated. On April 16, 2018, falling ice from the CN Tower punctured the roof of the nearby Rogers Centre stadium, causing the Toronto Blue Jays to postpone the game that day to the following day as a doubleheader ; this was the third doubleheader held at the Rogers Centre. On April 20 of

324-545: A tundra climate ( Köppen : ETf ) with short but cool summers and long cold winters. First contact between Europeans and the local Inuit occurred in 1829. During colonization, Kugaaruk was named Pelly Bay after the bay on which it sits. Pelly Bay is named after Sir John Pelly , governor of the Hudson's Bay Company , company operating the British North American territory of Rupert's Land in which it

405-835: A building is that it has floors." The CN Tower and other similar structures—such as the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, Russia; the Oriental Pearl Tower in Shanghai , China; The Strat in Las Vegas , Nevada, United States; and the Eiffel Tower in Paris , France—are categorized as "towers", which are free-standing structures that may have observation decks and a few other habitable levels, but do not have floors from

486-598: A population density of 204.2/km (528.7/sq mi) in 2021. The historical inhabitants were Arviligjuarmiut. Kugaaruk is a traditional Central Inuit community. Until 1968, the people followed a nomadic lifestyle. The population is approximately 97% Inuit and most people self-identify as Netsilik . The residents blend a land based lifestyle with modern technology and interests. Most families supplement their diet with ringed seal , caribou , and Arctic char . Other wildlife includes narwhal , beluga , bowhead whale , polar bears , wolverine and peregrine falcons . Despite

567-446: A pressure of 4.1 megapascals (595  psi ). The floor's thermal glass units are 64 mm (2.5 in) thick, consisting of a pane of 25 mm (1.0 in) laminated glass, 25 mm (1.0 in) airspace and a pane of 13 mm (0.5 in) laminated glass. In 2008, one elevator was upgraded to add a glass floor panel, believed to have the highest vertical rise of any elevator equipped with this feature. The Horizons Cafe and

648-545: A revolving restaurant at some 350 metres (1,150 ft), and an entertainment complex. The original concept of the CN Tower was first conceived in 1968 when the Canadian National Railway wanted to build a large television and radio communication platform to serve the Toronto area, and to demonstrate the strength of Canadian industry and CN in particular. These plans evolved over the next few years, and

729-458: A similar attraction entitled "Space Race." It was later dismantled and replaced by two other rides in 1998 and 1999. A glass floor at an elevation of 342 m (1,122 ft) was installed in 1994. Canadian National Railway sold the tower to Canada Lands Company prior to privatizing the company in 1995, when it divested all operations not directly related to its core freight shipping businesses. The tower's name and wordmark were adjusted to remove

810-462: A sponsored publicity event, used his hands and feet to climb the outside of the tower, a feat he performed twice on the same day. Following both ascents, he used multiple rappels to descend to the ground. From 1985 to 1992, the CN Tower basement level hosted the world's first flight simulator ride , Tour of the Universe , based on the flight of a Space Shuttle . The ride was replaced in 1992 with

891-522: A total of six) and the consequential relocation of the staircase from the north side leg to inside the core of the building, a conversion that also added nine stairs to the climb. TrizecHahn also owned the Willis Tower (Sears Tower at the time) in Chicago approximately at the same time. In 2007, light-emitting diode (LED) lights replaced the incandescent lights that lit the CN Tower at night. This

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972-490: Is a 553.3 m-high (1,815.3 ft) communications and observation tower in Toronto , Ontario , Canada. Completed in 1976, it is located in downtown Toronto , built on the former Railway Lands . Its name "CN" referred to Canadian National , the railway company that built the tower. Following the railway's decision to divest non-core freight railway assets prior to the company's privatization in 1995, it transferred

1053-512: Is the location of the lowest wind chill ever recorded in Canada, of −79 On 16 February 2018, the Human Weather Observation System (HWOS), a type of semi-automated weather observing system , reported an unreviewed new minimum temperature for the month of February at −51.9 °C (−61.4 °F) at 06:00 MST . It beat the previous record of −51.5 °C (−60.7 °F) that was set 28 January 1989. Kugaaruk has

1134-663: Is the tallest freestanding structure in the Western Hemisphere. As of 2013, there were two other freestanding structures in the Western Hemisphere exceeding 500 m (1,640.4 ft) in height: the Willis Tower in Chicago, which stands at 527 m (1,729.0 ft) when measured to its pinnacle, and One World Trade Center in New York City, which has a pinnacle height of 541.33 m (1,776.0 ft), or approximately 12 m (39.4 ft) shorter than

1215-577: Is to encourage and spread the use of Inuktitut. There are a few Inuit artists in Kugaaruk, including the world-renowned Emily Illuitok , (1943-2012), who worked mostly in walrus ivory and bone; and Nick Sikkuark , whose works are mainly in whale bone, caribou antler, and walrus ivory, and are characterized by "droll, macabre wit". Most women sew traditional parkas , amautiit (baby carrying parkas), and kamik (seal or caribou skin boots). Kugaardjuq School includes kindergarten to grade 12 . It

1296-490: Is very modern and includes a large south facing library, computer lab, gymnasium and science lab. Currently there are two language specialists who teach Natsilingmiutut , while the rest of the staff are southern teachers. In 2010 many of the Nunavut Teacher Education Program (NTEP) graduates, who are locals, were to become teachers in levels from kindergarten to grade 7. As the only outsiders in

1377-482: The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat both listed the CN Tower as the world's tallest free-standing structure on land , and specifically state that the CN Tower is not a true building, thereby awarding the title of world's tallest building to Taipei 101 , which is 44 m (144 ft) shorter than the CN Tower. The issue of what was tallest became moot when Burj Khalifa, then under construction, exceeded

1458-503: The John Hancock Center ), and First Canadian Place — also have excellent safety records, which suggests that the Ostankino Tower accident was a rare safety failure, and that the likelihood of similar events occurring at other supertall structures is extremely low. The CN Tower was originally lit at night with incandescent lights, which were removed in 1997 because they were inefficient and expensive to repair. In June 2007,

1539-583: The Petronius Platform stands 610 m (2,001 ft) above its base on the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico near the Mississippi River Delta , but only the top 75 m (246 ft) of this oil and natural gas platform are above water, and the structure is thus partially supported by its buoyancy . Like the CN Tower, none of these taller structures are commonly considered buildings. On September 12, 2007, Burj Khalifa, which

1620-507: The a form with a stand-alone letter ᐃ i. This fourth-vowel variant had been removed so that Inuktitut could be typed and printed using IBM Selectric balls in the 1970s. The reinstatement was justified on the grounds that modern printing and typesetting equipment no longer suffers the restrictions of earlier typewriting machinery. The ai-pai-tai column is used only in Nunavik. CN Tower The CN Tower ( French : Tour CN )

1701-590: The 1870s, Edmund Peck , another Anglican missionary, started printing according to that standard. Other missionaries, and later linguists in the employ of the Canadian and American governments, adapted the Latin alphabet to the dialects of the Mackenzie River delta, the western Arctic islands and Alaska . The Inuktitut script ( titirausiq nutaaq ) is commonly presented as a syllabary . The dots on

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1782-439: The CN Tower "the world's tallest self-supporting tower" and "the world's tallest free-standing tower". Although Guinness did list this description of the CN Tower under the heading "tallest building" at least once, it has also listed it under "tallest tower", omitting it from its list of "tallest buildings." In 1996, Guinness changed the tower's classification to "World's Tallest Building and Freestanding Structure". Emporis and

1863-549: The CN Tower elevators, which established a world record (346 m (1,135 ft)) for highest glass floor panelled elevator in the world. On August 1, 2011, the CN Tower opened the EdgeWalk, an amusement in which thrill-seekers can walk on and around the roof of the main pod of the tower at 356 m (1,168.0 ft), which is directly above the 360 Restaurant. It is the world's highest full-circle, hands-free walk. Visitors are tethered to an overhead rail system and walk around

1944-677: The CN Tower has an excellent safety record, although there was an electrical fire in the antennas on August 16, 2017 — the tower's first fire. Moreover, other supertall structures built between 1967 and 1976 — such as the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower), the World Trade Center (until its destruction on September 11, 2001 ), the Fernsehturm Berlin , the Aon Center , 875 North Michigan Avenue (formerly

2025-594: The CN Tower. Due to the symbolism of the number 1776 (the year of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence ), the height of One World Trade Center is unlikely to be increased. The proposed Chicago Spire was expected to exceed the height of the CN Tower, but its construction was halted early due to financial difficulties amid the Great Recession , and was eventually cancelled in 2010. Guinness World Records has called

2106-454: The CN railways logo, and the tower's official name was renamed Canada's National Tower (from Canadian National Tower), though the tower is commonly called the CN Tower. Further changes were made from 1997 to January 2004: TrizecHahn Corporation managed the tower and instituted several expansion projects including a CA$ 26 million entertainment expansion, the 1997 addition of two new elevators (to

2187-504: The Cement Foundation Company of Canada at the time), a subsidiary of Sweden's Skanska , a global project-development and construction group. Construction began on February 6, 1973, with massive excavations at the tower base for the foundation. By the time the foundation was complete, 56,000  t (62,000 short tons ; 55,000 long tons ) of earth and shale were removed to a depth of 15 m (49.2 ft) in

2268-559: The Glass Floor and Outdoor Observation Terrace, which are both located at an elevation of 342 m (1,122 ft), the Indoor Lookout Level (formerly known as "Indoor Observation Level") located at 346 m (1,135 ft), and the higher SkyPod (formerly known as "Space Deck") at 446.5 m (1,465 ft), just below the metal antenna . The hexagonal shape is visible between the two highest areas; however, below

2349-596: The Outdoor Observation Terrace (at the same level as the Glass Floor) at 342 m (1,122 ft). One floor above the Indoor Observation Level was the Top of Toronto Restaurant, which completed a revolution once every 72 minutes. The tower would garner worldwide media attention when stuntman Dar Robinson jumped off the CN Tower on two occasions in 1979 and 1980. The first was for a scene from

2430-407: The Toronto area. The original plan for the tower envisioned a tripod consisting of three independent cylindrical "pillars" linked at various heights by structural bridges. Had it been built, this design would have been considerably shorter, with the metal antenna located roughly where the concrete section between the main level and the SkyPod lies today. As the design effort continued, it evolved into

2511-423: The base of the radome, but the fastest climb on record is 7 minutes and 52 seconds in 1989 by Brendan Keenoy, an Ontario Provincial Police officer. In 2002, Canadian Olympian and Paralympic champion Jeff Adams climbed the stairs of the tower in a specially designed wheelchair . The stairs were originally on one of the three sides of the tower (facing north), with a glass view, but these were later replaced with

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2592-458: The brackets that support the main level, as well as a base for the construction of the main level itself. The Space Deck (currently named SkyPod) was built of concrete poured into a wooden frame attached to rebar at the lower level deck, and then reinforced with a large steel compression band around the outside. While still under construction, the CN Tower officially became the world's tallest free-standing structure on March 31, 1975. The antenna

2673-431: The centre, and a base incorporating 7,000 m (9,200 cu yd) of concrete with 450 t (496 short tons; 443 long tons) of rebar and 36 t (40 short tons; 35 long tons) of steel cable had been built to a thickness of 6.7 m (22 ft). This portion of the construction was fairly rapid, with only four months needed between the start and the foundation being ready for construction on top. To create

2754-516: The community are government workers, the student population is almost entirely Inuit. All high schools in Nunavut use the Alberta educational curriculum . However, one challenge faced by educators in this community is that most students read at about 3 or 4 grade levels lower than their Albertan counterparts (as of 2007). As with most schools in Nunavut, the school is under the partial authority of

2835-739: The construction, plans for Metro Centre were scrapped, leaving the tower isolated on the Railway Lands in what was then a largely abandoned light-industrial space. This caused serious problems for tourists to access the tower. Ned Baldwin, project architect with John Andrews, wrote at the time that "All of the logic which dictated the design of the lower accommodation has been upset," and that "Under such ludicrous circumstances Canadian National would hardly have chosen this location to build." The CN Tower opened on June 26, 1976. The construction costs of approximately CA$ 63 million ($ 318 million in 2023 dollars) were repaid in fifteen years. From

2916-474: The current design with a single continuous hexagonal core to the SkyPod, with three support legs blended into the hexagon below the main level, forming a large Y-shape structure at the ground level. The idea for the main level in its current form evolved around this time, but the Space Deck (later renamed SkyPod) was not part of the plans until later. One engineer in particular felt that visitors would feel

2997-462: The dimly lit version and 60% less than the brightly lit version). The estimated cost to use the LEDs is $ 1,000 per month. During the spring and autumn bird migration seasons, the lights are turned off to comply with the voluntary Fatal Light Awareness Program, which "encourages buildings to dim unnecessary exterior lighting to mitigate bird mortality during spring and summer migration." The CN Tower

3078-420: The edge of the CN Tower's main pod above the 360 Restaurant on a 1.5-metre (4.9 ft) metal floor. The attraction is closed throughout the winter and during periods of electrical storms and high winds. One of the notable guests who visited EdgeWalk was Canadian comedian Rick Mercer , featured as the first episode of the ninth season of his CBC Television news satire show, Rick Mercer Report . There, he

3159-503: The elementary portion was damaged. The replacement cost was provisionally estimated between $ 25 and $ 30 million. The community has been served by the Qiniq network since 2005. This is a fixed wireless service to homes and businesses, connecting to the outside world via a satellite backbone. The Qiniq network is designed and operated by SSi Canada . In 2017, the network was upgraded to 4G LTE technology, and 2G-GSM for mobile voice. Kugaaruk

3240-546: The former Railway Lands were redeveloped and the tower became the centre of a newly developing entertainment area. Access was greatly improved with the construction of the SkyWalk in 1989, which connected the tower and SkyDome to the nearby Union Station railway and subway station , and, in turn, to the city's Path underground pedestrian system. By the mid-1990s, it was the centre of a thriving tourist district. The entire area continues to be an area of intense building, notably

3321-583: The ground up. The CN Tower was the tallest tower by this definition until 2010 (see below). Taller than the CN Tower are numerous radio masts and towers , which are held in place by guy-wires , the tallest being the KVLY-TV mast in Blanchard, North Dakota , in the United States at 628 m (2,060 ft) tall, leading to a distinction between these and "free-standing" structures. Additionally,

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3402-453: The ground. Over the height of the tower, it varies from true vertical accuracy by only 29 mm (1.1 in). In August 1974, construction of the main level commenced. Using 45 hydraulic jacks attached to cables strung from a temporary steel crown anchored to the top of the tower, twelve giant steel and wooden bracket forms were slowly raised, ultimately taking about a week to crawl up to their final position. These forms were used to create

3483-417: The heaviest of which weighs around 8 tonnes (8.8 short tons; 7.9 long tons). At the time, most data communications took place over point-to-point microwave links, whose dish antennas covered the roofs of large buildings. As each new skyscraper was added to the downtown, former line-of-sight links were no longer possible. CN intended to rent "hub" space for microwave links, visible from almost any building in

3564-510: The height of the CN Tower in 2007 (see below). Although the CN Tower contains a restaurant, a gift shop and multiple observation levels, it does not have floors continuously from the ground, and therefore it is not considered a building by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) or Emporis. CTBUH defines a building as "a structure that is designed for residential, business, or manufacturing purposes. An essential characteristic of

3645-444: The higher observation deck would be worth paying extra for, and the costs in terms of construction were not prohibitive. Also around this time, it was realized that the tower could become the world's tallest free-standing structure to improve signal quality and attract tourists, and plans were changed to incorporate subtle modifications throughout the structure to this end. The CN Tower was built by Canada Cement Company (also known as

3726-456: The isolation of the community, the traditional language, Inuktitut , is declining. Most people 30 and over speak Inuktitut as their first language, but the language is not being passed on to their children. In most households, a mixture of English and Inuktitut is spoken. Children understand their parents and grandparents, but respond to them in English. One goal of the Nunavut educational system

3807-640: The land and culture. Sites visited in Ontario included the CN Tower , the Hockey Hall of Fame , Queen's Park , Square One Shopping Centre , MuchMusic , Niagara Falls , Great Wolf Lodge, and the two exchange schools: Clarkson Secondary , and Hillside Senior Public School. On 28 February 2017, the school caught on fire, described as "suspicious". Most of the school burned down, the gym, reception area and high school portion were all completely destroyed, and

3888-417: The late 1960s and early 1970s, multiple skyscrapers were constructed in the downtown core, most notably First Canadian Place , which has Bank of Montreal 's head offices. The reflective nature of the new buildings reduced the quality of broadcast signals, requiring new, higher antennas that were at least 300 m (980 ft) tall. The radio wire is estimated to be 102 metres (335 ft) long in 44 pieces,

3969-484: The letters in the table mark long vowels ; in the Latin transcription, the vowel is doubled. For geminate consonants , the final consonant symbol is placed before the CV syllabic, for instance - kk u-, - nnu - are rendered ᒃ ᑯ and ᓐ ᓄ respectively. The Makivik Corporation expanded the official version of the script to restore the ai-pai-tai column. The common diphthong ai has generally been represented by combining

4050-469: The locally elected District Education Authority (DEA), who design policy as well as make decisions regarding discipline, spending, and cultural activities. Kugaaruk was involved in the Mississauga YMCA exchange in 2007. Fifteen children from Kugaaruk made their way to Mississauga with three teachers for seven days. Then 15 people from Mississauga travelled to Kugaaruk for 11 days to experience

4131-492: The lookout level are at 346 m (1,135.2 ft). The 360 Restaurant, a revolving restaurant that completes a full rotation once every 72 minutes, is at 351 m (1,151.6 ft). When the tower first opened, it also featured a disco named Sparkles (at the Indoor Observation Level), billed as the highest disco and dance floor in the world. The SkyPod was once the highest public observation deck in

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4212-479: The main deck, three large supporting legs give the tower the appearance of a large tripod . The main deck level has seven storeys, some of which are open to the public. Below the public areas—at 338 m (1,108.9 ft)—is a large white donut-shaped radome containing the structure's UHF transmitters. The glass floor and outdoor observation deck are at 342 m (1,122.0 ft). The glass floor has an area of 24 m (258 sq ft) and can withstand

4293-426: The main support pillar, workers constructed a hydraulically raised slipform at the base. This was a fairly unprecedented engineering feat on its own, consisting of a large metal platform that raised itself on jacks at about 6 m (20 ft) per day as the concrete below set. Concrete was poured Monday to Friday (not continuously) by a small team of people until February 22, 1974, at which time it had already become

4374-545: The mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, the CN Tower was practically the only development along Front Street West; it was still possible to see Lake Ontario from the foot of the CN Tower due to the expansive parking lots and lack of development in the area at the time. As the area around the tower was developed, particularly with the completion of the Metro Toronto Convention Centre (north building) in 1984 and SkyDome in 1989 (renamed Rogers Centre in 2005),

4455-452: The movie Highpoint , in which Robinson received CA$ 250,000 ($ 981,875 in 2023 dollars) for the stunt. The second was for a personal documentary . The first stunt had him use a parachute which he deployed three seconds before impact with the ground, while the second one used a wire decelerator attached to his back. On June 26, 1986, the tenth anniversary of the tower's opening, high-rise firefighting and rescue advocate Dan Goodwin , in

4536-707: The project became official in 1972. The tower would have been part of Metro Centre (see CityPlace ), a large development south of Front Street on the Railway Lands , a large railway switching yard that was being made redundant after the opening of the MacMillan Yard north of the city in 1965 (then known as Toronto Yard). Key project team members were NCK Engineering as structural engineer; John Andrews Architects ; Webb, Zerafa, Menkes, Housden Architects; Foundation Building Construction; and Canron (Eastern Structural Division). As Toronto grew rapidly during

4617-612: The reforms of 1976. Inuktitut is one variation on Canadian Aboriginal syllabics , and can be digitally encoded using the Unicode standard. The Unicode block for Inuktitut characters is called Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics . The first efforts to write Inuktitut came from Moravian missionaries in Greenland and Labrador in the mid-19th century using Latin script. The first book printed in Inuktitut using Cree script

4698-415: The root qaniq , meaning "mouth". The alternative, Latin-based writing system is named qaliujaaqpait ( ᖃᓕᐅᔮᖅᐸᐃᑦ ), and it derives from qaliit , a word describing the markings or the grain in rocks. Titirausiq nutaaq [titiʁauˈsiq nuˈtaːq] meaning "new writing system" is to be seen in contrast to titirausiit nutaunngittut ( ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓰᑦ ᓄᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ), the "old syllabics" used before

4779-502: The same year, the CN Tower reopened. In August 2000, a fire broke out at the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, killing three people and causing extensive damage. The fire was blamed on poor maintenance and outdated equipment. The failure of the fire-suppression systems and the lack of proper equipment for firefighters allowed the fire to destroy most of the interior and sparked fears the tower might even collapse. The Ostankino Tower

4860-571: The semifinals of 2021 Stanley Cup playoffs . The CN Tower was lit in the colours of the Ukrainian flag during the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022. Programmed remotely from a desktop computer with a wireless network interface controller in Burlington, Ontario , the LEDs use less energy to light than the previous incandescent lights (10% less energy than

4941-544: The structure. There were fears that cars and windows of nearby buildings would be smashed by large chunks of ice. In response, police closed some streets surrounding the tower. During morning rush hour on March 5 of the same year, police expanded the area of closed streets to include the Gardiner Expressway 310 m (1,017 ft) away from the tower as increased winds blew the ice farther, as far north as King Street West , 490 m (1,608 ft) away, where

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5022-532: The tallest structure in Canada, surpassing the recently built 381-metre (1,250 ft) tall Inco Superstack in Sudbury , built using similar methods. The tower contains 40,500 m (53,000 cu yd) of concrete, all of which was mixed on-site in order to ensure batch consistency. Through the pour, the vertical accuracy of the tower was maintained by comparing the slip form's location to massive plumb bobs hanging from it, observed by small telescopes from

5103-742: The tenth-tallest free-standing structure in the world and remains the tallest free-standing structure on land in the Western Hemisphere . In 1995, the CN Tower was declared one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World by the American Society of Civil Engineers . It also belongs to the World Federation of Great Towers. It is a signature icon of Toronto's skyline and attracts more than two million international visitors annually. It houses several observation decks,

5184-440: The third elevator pair and the stairs were moved to the inside of the core. Top climbs on the new, windowless stairwell used since around 2003 have generally been over ten minutes. A freezing rain storm on March 2, 2007, resulted in a layer of ice several centimetres thick forming on the side of the tower and other downtown buildings. The sun thawed the ice, then winds of up to 90 km/h (56 mph) blew some of it away from

5265-425: The tower concluded both the opening and closing ceremonies. On July 1, 2017, as part of the nationwide celebrations for Canada 150 , which celebrated the 150th anniversary of Canadian Confederation , fireworks were once again shot from the tower in a five-minute display coordinated with the tower lights and music broadcast on a local radio station. The CN Tower consists of several substructures. The main portion of

5346-464: The tower is a hollow concrete hexagonal pillar containing the stairwells and power and plumbing connections. The tower's six elevators are located in the three inverted angles created by the Tower's hexagonal shape (two elevators per angle). Each of the three elevator shafts is lined with glass, allowing for views of the city as the glass-windowed elevators make their way through the tower. The stairwell

5427-590: The tower to the Canada Lands Company , a federal Crown corporation responsible for the government's real estate portfolio. The CN Tower held the record for the world's tallest free-standing structure for 32 years, from 1975 until 2007, when it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa , and was the world's tallest tower until 2009 when it was surpassed by the Canton Tower . It is currently

5508-557: The tower was lit in green and white to represent the colours of the Grey Cup champion Saskatchewan Roughriders . From sundown on August 27, 2011, to sunrise the following day, the tower was lit in orange, the official colour of the New Democratic Party (NDP), to commemorate the death of federal NDP leader and leader of the official opposition Jack Layton . When former South African president Nelson Mandela died ,

5589-664: The tower was lit in the colours of the South African flag . When former federal finance minister under Stephen Harper 's Conservatives Jim Flaherty died, the tower was lit in green to reflect his Irish Canadian heritage. On the night of the attacks on Paris on November 13, 2015 , the tower displayed the colours of the French flag . On June 8, 2021, the tower displayed the colours of the Toronto Maple Leafs ' archrivals Montreal Canadiens after they advanced to

5670-478: The tower was outfitted with 1,330 super-bright LED lights inside the elevator shafts, shooting over the main pod and upward to the top of the tower's mast to light the tower from dusk until 2 a.m. The official opening ceremony took place on June 28, 2007, before the Canada Day holiday weekend. The tower changes its lighting scheme on holidays and to commemorate major events. After the 95th Grey Cup in Toronto,

5751-526: The traditional name of the brook that flows through the hamlet. Near the hamlet is CAM-4 , a North Warning System site that was once part of the Distant Early Warning Line . In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada , Kugaaruk had a population of 1,033 living in 214 of its 225 total private dwellings, a change of 10.7% from its 2016 population of 933. With a land area of 5.06 km (1.95 sq mi), it had

5832-526: The world until it was surpassed by the Shanghai World Financial Center in 2008. A metal staircase reaches the main deck level after 1,776 steps, and the SkyPod 100 m (328 ft) above after 2,579 steps; it is the tallest metal staircase on Earth. These stairs are intended for emergency use only except for charity stair-climb events two times during the year. The average climber takes approximately 30 minutes to climb to

5913-410: Was accompanied by Canadian pop singer Jann Arden . The episode first aired on April 10, 2013. The tower and surrounding areas were prominent in the 2015 Pan American Games production. In the opening ceremony , a pre-recorded segment featured track-and-field athlete Bruny Surin passing the flame to sprinter Donovan Bailey on the EdgeWalk and parachuting into Rogers Centre. A fireworks display off

5994-634: Was an 8-page pamphlet known as Selections from the Gospels in the dialect of the Inuit of Little Whale River ( ᒋᓴᓯᑊ ᐅᑲᐤᓯᐣᑭᐟ , "Jesus' words"), printed by John Horden in 1855–56 at Moose Factory for Edwin Arthur Watkins to use among the Inuit at Fort George . In November 1865, Horden and Watkins met in London under Henry Venn 's direction to adapt Cree syllabics to the Inuktitut language. In

6075-641: Was built in 1941. In 1955, the Pelly Bay DEW Line Station was built near the hamlet, making the traditional campsite of nomadic Inuit into a permanent settlement. In 1968, the local airport was built, and the Canadian government imported prefab housing to build out the town site. In 1972 the hamlet was incorporated as "Pelly Bay". In 1999 the hamlet's official name was changed to Kugaaruk. Inuktitut syllabics The name qaniujaaqpait [qaniujaːqpaˈit] derives from

6156-465: Was completed nine years before the CN Tower and is only 13 m (43 ft) shorter. The parallels between the towers led to some concern that the CN Tower could be at risk of a similar tragedy. However, Canadian officials subsequently stated that it is "highly unlikely" that a similar disaster could occur at the CN Tower, as it has important safeguards that were not present in the Ostankino Tower. Specifically, officials cited: Officials also noted that

6237-457: Was done to take advantage of the cost savings of LED lights over incandescent lights. The colour of the LED lights can change, compared to the constant white colour of the incandescent lights. On September 12, 2007, Burj Khalifa , then under construction and known as Burj Dubai, surpassed the CN Tower as the world's tallest free-standing structure on land. In 2008, glass panels were installed in one of

6318-418: Was located when it was so named. In 1854, Scottish explorer John Rae interviewed Inuit at Pelly Bay, to document some details of a camp of the lost expedition of John Franklin that they had discovered. In 1935 Father Pierre Henry established a Roman Catholic mission at Pelly Bay. The mission changed status to being a permanent mission in 1937, with the arrival of Father Franz van de Velde. A stone church

6399-414: Was originally located in one of these angles (the one facing north), but was moved into the central hollow of the tower; the tower's new fifth and sixth elevators were placed in the hexagonal angle that once contained the stairwell. On top of the main concrete portion of the tower is a 102 m (334.6 ft) tall metal broadcast antenna, carrying television and radio signals. There are three visitor areas:

6480-542: Was originally to be raised by crane as well, but, during construction, the Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane helicopter became available when the United States Army sold one to civilian operators. The helicopter, named "Olga", was first used to remove the crane, and then flew the antenna up in 36 sections. The flights of the antenna pieces were a minor tourist attraction of their own, and the schedule

6561-429: Was printed in local newspapers. Use of the helicopter saved months of construction time, with this phase taking only three and a half weeks instead of the planned six months. The tower was topped-off on April 2, 1975, after 26 months of construction, officially capturing the height record from Moscow 's Ostankino Tower , and bringing the total mass to 118,000 t (130,000 short tons; 116,000 long tons). Two years into

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