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26-585: In the late 19th century, Swedish society was characterised by National Romantic visions of an idyllic rural community. As more and more people migrated to cities, concern grew that traditions, ways of life and crafts would be lost. The result was the emergence of a movement to safeguard knowledge and artefacts. It was against this backdrop that the Association for the Cultural History of Southern Sweden ( Kulturhistoriska föreningen för södra Sverige ),

52-483: A new sewer system in 1890, the workers unexpectedly uncovered a treasure trove of artifacts dating from the Middle Ages. Kulturen bought the artifacts and, about the same time, undertook organised archaeological excavations of their own. In 1909, it was decided that all finds and remnants in the city of Lund would be curated at Kulturen. The museum's first-ever artifact was acquired on Midsummer's Day, 24 June 1882. It

78-597: A number of common interests and helped found the museum. The two "won special acknowledgment at the World Exhibition in Paris 1878 where the museum was acclaimed worldwide." Key also served as chair of the museum's board for several years. For the Nordic museum, Hazelius bought or managed to get donations of objects – furniture, clothes, toys, etc. – from all over Sweden and the other Nordic countries; he

104-668: A teacher, as well as participating in several school-book and language reform projects. In 1869 Hazelius was the secretary of the Swedish section at the Scandinavian orthographic congress in Stockholm ( det nordiska rättstavningsmötet ), and published its proceedings in 1871. The radical reforms in Swedish spelling proposed there sparked opposition from the Swedish Academy . This gave Johan Erik Rydqvist (1800–1877)

130-507: Is a silver goblet, used as a shot glass, made in Växjö in 1782 by the goldsmith Axel Johan Limnell. Today, the museum's collection consists of around 250,000 artifacts of cultural and historical value, 500,000 photographs and 1 million archaeological finds. The open-air museum gradually expanded in the decades around 1900. Some of these additions reflected the way of life in the countryside, while others were examples of urban environments. Many of

156-651: Is the Germanic variant of major general , used in a number of Central and Northern European countries. Generalmajor is the second lowest general officer rank in the Royal Danish Army and Royal Danish Air Force . As a two-star rank it is the equivalent to the rank of counter admiral in the Royal Danish Navy . The rank is rated OF-7 within NATO . It has the grade of M404 within

182-729: The Generalmajor rank in the German Army was equivalent to the brigadier general rank in other armies, and so forth. The rank is rated OF-7 in NATO , and is grade B7 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence . It is equivalent to Konteradmiral in the German Navy ( Marine ) or to Generalstabsarzt , and Admiralstabsarzt in the Zentraler Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr . On

208-566: The Ministry of Defence's pay structure. The rank of major general is reserved for the Chief of the army and air force . On 25 May 1671, the ranks were codified, by King Christian V , with the publication of the Danish order of precedence . Here generals of the branch were placed below Lieutenant field marshal ( Danish : Feltmarskal Lieutenant ), and above the noble rank of Count and

234-530: The Nordic Museum ( Nordiska Museum , now Nordiska museet ). In 1891 he established the open-air museum Skansen , which became the model for other open-air museums in Northern Europe. He got the idea after a visit to the world's first open-air museum, Norsk Folkemuseum , established near Oslo in 1881. Hazelius was close friends with Swedish pathologist Axel Key , with whom he shared

260-610: The National Day, Midsummer's Eve, Culture Night and Night of Ghosts. The Christmas season at Kulturen starts the first weekend of Advent with a large Christmas fair ( Julstöket ). Several runestones are displayed outside the museum, including the Dalby and Dagstorp runestones. 55°42′16.5″N 13°11′47″E  /  55.704583°N 13.19639°E  / 55.704583; 13.19639 Arthur Hazelius Artur Immanuel Hazelius (30 November 1833 – 27 May 1901)

286-670: The adoption of NATO STANAG 2116. The adoption created the new rank of Brigadier general, which would receive the one star, meaning the major general would receive two stars. It is the third-highest general officer rank in the German Army ( Heer ) and German Air Force ( Luftwaffe ). This rank is also used in the Austrian Armed Forces , but is abbreviated as GenMjr . Historically, German Army ranks for its generals prior to 1945 were offset by one from those of most other major European armies. Thus, prior to 1945,

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312-545: The buildings have been relocated from different parts of southern Sweden, others still stand on their original sites and continue to serve as typical features of Lund's broader cityscape. As an arts and crafts college located within a museum, Kulturen's former School of Handicrafts was something quite unique. The college operated from 1896 until the early 1930s offered training in forging, textile handicraft, ceramics and furniture design. Here students learned to fashion new objects based on time-honoured materials. In 1924, through

338-468: The cuffs , with three for full generals, two for Lieutenant generals, and one for major generals. This uniform saw a number of changes until 1785, when the cuff ranks were removed. In 1801, new uniforms were introduced for the whole army. Along with the new uniforms, epaulette ranks were introduced for officers, with generals wearing six-pointed stars on their epaulettes. The general ranks remained largely unchanged from their introduction until 1979, and

364-535: The energy to publish Svenska Akademiens Ordlista (SAOL), the very conservative first edition of the Academy's one-volume spelling dictionary in 1874. However, many of the proposals from the congress were introduced in the sixth edition of the same dictionary in 1889 ( e–ä , qv–kv ) and the rest ( dt , fv , hv ) in a spelling reform for Swedish schools, introduced in 1906 by the minister of education Fridtjuv Berg (1851–1916). Berg acknowledged that Hazelius had laid

390-482: The foundation for all following spelling reforms. During travels in the country, Hazelius noticed how Swedish folk culture, including architecture and other aspects of the material culture, was eroding under the influence of industrialization, migration and other processes of modernity, and in 1872 he decided to establish a museum for Swedish ethnography, originally (1873) called the Scandinavian ethnographic collection ( Skandinavisk-etnografiska samlingen ), from 1880

416-574: The heart of Lund, near the historic Lund Cathedral . It's the main building, which dates from the early 19th century, came to be known as the Nobleman's House. Both a farmhouse and a church were also relocated to the museum's grounds. Together with the Burgher's House, these buildings represented the four estates: the nobility, the clergy, the burghers and the peasants. When the City of Lund began to lay

442-470: The military rank of Lieutenant general . As part of the Army Reform of 1867, the ranks of Major, Lieutenant colonel were removed and only a single "General" rank was kept. After the 1880 reform, the general officer ranks were reintroduced. Commanding generals of the 1st and 2nd General Command were made Lieutenant generals while everyone else were made Major general. The first official uniform

468-476: The museums in 1891 and doubled the amount in 1900, the year before his death. Hazelius was married to Sofia Elisabeth Grafström (1839–1874), daughter of Anders Abraham Grafström , a historian, priest and member of the Swedish Academy During the last few years of his life, Hazelius lived at Hazeliushuset, one of the old buildings on Skansen. He died on 27 May 1901, and on 4 February 1902, he

494-587: The purchase of the Östarp estate 25 km east of Lund, Kulturen could display a farmhouse with an enclosed courtyard typical of Scania . An entire city block was added to the open-air museum in 1926 and in 1929. Vita huset, which was built in 1854, was officially opened as the museum's new main building. There is always hustle and bustle at Kulturen in Lund with a wide-ranging programme of activities for all ages. Kulturen in Lund also celebrates several festivals and traditions that attract many visitors, such as Easter,

520-503: The shoulder straps ( Heer , Luftwaffe ) there are two golden pips (stars) in golden oak leaves. ( German officer rank ) Generalmajor Generalmajor was in the so-called "armed organs of the GDR" ( German : Bewaffnete Organe der DDR ), represented by Ministry of National Defence , and Ministry for State Security , the lowest general officer rank, comparable to the one-star rank in many NATO-Armed forces (Rangcode OF-6) . This

546-583: Was a Swedish teacher, scholar, folklorist and museum director. He was the founder of both the Nordic Museum ( Nordiska museet ) and the Skansen open-air museum in Stockholm . Hazelius was born in Stockholm, Sweden as the son of Johan August Hazelius (1797–1871), a Swedish Army officer (with terminal rank of major general ), politician and publicist. He entered Uppsala University in 1854, and received his Ph.D. degree in 1860, after which he worked as

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572-594: Was established in 1882. The museum "Kulturhistoriska museet", founded among others by local historian Georg Karlin (1859–1939) opened on 21 October 1882 in Kungshuset. Karlin was a contemporary of Arthur Hazelius who had opened the open-air museum Skansen just a year before. Skansen had become the model for other open-air museums in Northern Europe. The association initially ran museum-like activities in several different premises around Lund. Kulturen's open-air museum opened on 7 September 1892 in its current location in

598-648: Was in reference to Soviet military doctrine and in line with other armed forces of the Warsaw Pact . The equivalent rank of the Volksmarine (GDR Navy) was the Konteradmiral , often called simply Herr Admiral for short. Generalmajor was in the German Reich and Nazi Germany the lowest general officer rank, comparable to the one-star rank in many NATO-Armed forces (Rangcode OF-6) . It

624-466: Was instituted on 29 September 1737. The first few uniform designs have not survived, though they were likely red, highly ornamented coats without collar . The red coat remained until 1768, when Comte de Saint-Germain instituted white uniforms for generals, these were however removed shortly after, in 1769. In 1772, the first real ranks were introduced to the Danish Army; these were gold rings on

650-607: Was interred in a grave at Skansen. His only son Gunnar Hazelius (1874–1905) succeeded him as curator of the Nordic Museum. Gunnar Hazelius's daughter Gunnel Hazelius-Berg (1905–1997) was later costume and textile historian at the Nordic Museum. Her husband, Professor Gösta Berg (1903–1993) served as director of the Nordic Museum and Skansen from 1956 to 1963 and managing director of the Skansen Foundation from 1964. Generalmajor Generalmajor

676-561: Was mainly interested in peasant culture but his successors increasingly started to collect objects reflecting bourgeois and urban lifestyles as well. For Skansen he collected entire buildings and farms. Although the project did not initially get the government funding he had hoped, Hazelius received widespread support and donations, and by 1898 the Society for the promotion of the Nordic Museum ( Samfundet för Nordiska Museets främjande ) had 4,525 members. The Riksdag allocated some money for

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