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24-528: The ancient town of Kunyang was located in Ye County. It was the site of the critical Battle of Kunyang , in which the Han forces decisively defeated the army of Wang Mang 's Xin dynasty . The ancient city of Ye was the origin of the common Chinese surname Ye (叶/葉). As 2012, this county is divided to 5 towns, 12 townships and 1 ethnic townships. Kunyang is home to China's No. 1 Prison of Women of Yunan where

48-427: A storm that occurs on a mesa miles away. The flood sweeps through the canyon; the canyon makes it difficult to climb up and out of the way to avoid the flood. For example, a cloudburst in southern Utah on 14 September 2015 resulted in 20 flash flood fatalities, of which seven fatalities occurred at Zion National Park when hikers were trapped by floodwaters in a slot canyon. Flash floods induce severe impacts in both

72-498: A timescale of fewer than six hours between rainfall and the onset of flooding. Flash floods are a significant hazard, causing more fatalities in the U.S. in an average year than lightning, tornadoes , or hurricanes . They can also deposit large quantities of sediments on floodplains and destroy vegetation cover not adapted to frequent flood conditions. Flash floods most often occur in dry areas that have recently received precipitation , but they may be seen anywhere downstream from

96-447: A very short time. Second, these rains often fall on poorly absorbent and often clay-like soil, which greatly increases the amount of runoff that rivers and other water channels have to handle. These regions tend not to have the infrastructure that wetter regions have to divert water from structures and roads, such as storm drains, culverts, and retention basins , either because of sparse population or poverty, or because residents believe

120-544: Is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes , rivers , dry lakes and depressions . It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm , hurricane , or tropical storm , or by meltwater from ice and snow . Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam , or a human structure such as a man-made dam , as occurred before the Johnstown Flood of 1889. Flash floods are distinguished from regular floods by having

144-432: Is enough to carry away most SUV-sized vehicles. The U.S. National Weather Service reported in 2005 that, using a national 30-year average, more people die yearly in floods, 127 on average, than by lightning (73), tornadoes (65), or hurricanes (16). In deserts , flash floods can be particularly deadly for several reasons. First, storms in arid regions are infrequent, but they can deliver an enormous amount of water in

168-611: The Chinese Christians, Ju Dianghong and Liang Qin are serving sentences of 13 years and 10 years respectively for their Christian activities. This Henan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Battle of Kunyang The Battle of Kunyang ( Chinese : 昆陽之戰 ) was fought during June and July in 23 AD, between the Lulin and Xin dynasty forces. The Lulin forces were led by Liu Xiu, who later became Emperor Guangwu of Han , while

192-627: The Lulin forces. The Lulin forces were split in two — one force was led by Wang Feng, Wang Chang and Liu Xiu, while the other force was led by Liu Yan . Wang Feng, Wang Chang, and Liu Xiu soon took the castles of Kunyang ( 昆陽 ), Dingling ( 定陵 ), and Yanxian ( 郾縣 ). Liu Xiu's forces had started attacking Yangguan ( 陽關 ), but after hearing of the arrival of the main Xin forces, he decided to retreat to Kunyang. The 9,000 rebels in Kunyang, vastly outnumbered by

216-479: The U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) Storm Data datasets to connect the impact of flash floods with the physical processes involved in flash flooding. This should increase the reliability of flash flood impact forecasting models. Analysis of flash floods in the United States between 2006 and 2012 shows that injuries and fatalities are most likely in small, rural catchments, that the shortest events are also

240-408: The Xin force, initially wanted to scatter and retreat to Jingzhou , but Liu Xiu opposed this idea. He advocated that they guard Kunyang securely, since a scattered army would be easy prey. Liu Xiu promised to gather all available troops in the area and attack the Xin forces from behind. After initially rejecting Liu Xiu's idea, the rebels eventually agreed. With the Xin forces approaching Kunyang from

264-523: The Xin forces' morale was dropping while the Lulin forces' morale increased with Liu's return. Liu Xiu took this chance to lead 1,000 men to engage the Xin forces, while another brigade of 3,000 marched around to the rear of the Xin army and attacked the Xin's main camp. Wang Yi, still underestimating the Lulin forces, led 10,000 men with Wang Xun to meet the enemy, while ordering the rest of his troops to stand their ground unless he ordered them to attack. Once they engaged in battle, however, after minor losses,

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288-479: The built and the natural environment. The effects of flash floods can be catastrophic and show extensive diversity, ranging from damages in buildings and infrastructure to impacts on vegetation, human lives and livestock. The effects are particularly difficult to characterize in urban areas. Researchers have used datasets such as the Severe Hazards Analysis and Verification Experiment (SHAVE) and

312-439: The dangers of flash floods. What makes flash floods most dangerous is their sudden nature and fast-moving water. A vehicle provides little to no protection against being swept away; it may make people overconfident and less likely to avoid the flash flood. More than half of the fatalities attributed to flash floods are people swept away in vehicles when trying to cross flooded intersections. As little as 2 feet (0.61 m) of water

336-567: The far more numerous Xin were led by Wang Yi and Wang Xun ( 王尋 ). Wang Xun was killed during a foolhardy attack on Liu's force with a small contingent of his force, and the Lulin forces disrupted the remainder of the Xin army, forcing Wang Yi to retreat. This was the decisive battle that led to the fall of the Xin dynasty. By the end of the Xin dynasty, peasants all over the country rebelled against Xin Emperor Wang Mang in response to what they saw as years of incompetent rule. Calls for

360-432: The flood effects are grouped into 4 categories: (i) impacts on built environment (ii) impacts on man-made mobile objects,(iii) impacts on the natural environment (including vegetation, agriculture, geomorphology, and pollution) and (iv) impacts on the human population (entrapments, injuries, fatalities). The scale was proposed as a tool on prevention planning, as the resulting maps offer insights on future impacts, highlighting

384-643: The high severity areas. Flash floods can cause rapid soil erosion. Much of the Nile delta sedimentation may come from flash flooding in the desert areas that drain into the Nile River . However, flash floods of short duration produce relatively little bedrock erosion or channel widening, having their greatest impact from sedimentation on the floodplain. Some wetlands plants, such as certain varieties of rice, are adapted to endure flash flooding. However, plants that thrive in drier areas can be harmed by flooding, as

408-414: The most dangerous, that the hazards are greatest after nightfall, and that a very high fraction of injuries and fatalities involve vehicles. An impact severity scale is proposed in 2020 providing a coherent overview of the flash flood effects through the classification of impact types and severity and mapping their spatial extent in a continuous way across the floodplain. Depending on the affected elements,

432-498: The news about the outcome of the Battle of Kunyang spread throughout the empire, the people rose across the empire, with many killing local government officials while others claimed to be officials under the new Han regime. Within a month, most of the empire had slipped out of Xin control. 33°37′37″N 113°21′25″E  /  33.62694°N 113.35694°E  / 33.62694; 113.35694 Flash flood A flash flood

456-480: The north, Liu Xiu led 13 horsemen out of Kunyang at night to find reinforcements from Dingling and Yanxian. The Xin commander, Wang Yi, confident of his overwhelming numbers, stated that his army would "annihilate all in his path, massacre the town, and dance in its blood", and laid siege to the town. Faced with siege towers and tunnels dug under its castle walls, Kunyang's defences held on until Liu Xiu returned with 10,000 foot soldiers and cavalry on 7 July. By then,

480-500: The other units were hesitant to assist them, and Liu Xiu killed Wang Xun in battle. Once that happened, the Lulin forces inside Kunyang burst out of the city and attacked the other Xin units, and the much larger Xin forces suffered a total collapse. Adding to the misery of the Xin forces was a sudden rainstorm which caused a flash flood , drowning many of the fleeing men. Unable to gather most of his men, Wang Yi had to withdraw with his remaining several thousand men back to Luoyang . Once

504-567: The re-establishment of the Han dynasty, which Wang Mang overthrew, were on the rise. Heeding these voices, the leaders of the Lulin rebellions supported Liu Xuan to be the emperor of the new Han dynasty. Wang Mang decided that he had to crush the newly constituted Han regime before it gained momentum, and sent his cousin Wang Yi and his prime minister Wang Xun, with what he considered to be an overwhelming force of several hundred thousand men, to attack

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528-567: The risk of flash floods is not high enough to justify the expense. In fact, in some areas, desert roads frequently cross a dry river and creek beds without bridges. From the driver's perspective, there may be clear weather, when a river unexpectedly forms ahead of or around the vehicle in a matter of seconds. Finally, the lack of regular rain to clear water channels may cause flash floods in deserts to be headed by large amounts of debris, such as rocks, branches, and logs. Deep slot canyons can be especially dangerous to hikers as they may be flooded by

552-624: The source of the precipitation, even many miles from the source. In areas on or near volcanoes , flash floods have also occurred after eruptions, when glaciers have been melted by the intense heat. Flash floods are known to occur in the highest mountain ranges of the United States and are also common in the arid plains of the Southwestern United States. Flash flooding can also be caused by extensive rainfall released by hurricanes and other tropical storms , as well as

576-442: The sudden thawing effect of ice dams . Human activities can also cause flash floods to occur. When dams fail , a large quantity of water can be released and destroy everything in its path. The United States National Weather Service gives the advice "Turn Around, Don't Drown" for flash floods; that is, it recommends that people get out of the area of a flash flood, rather than trying to cross it. Many people tend to underestimate

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