19°36′09″N 155°29′14″W / 19.602378°N 155.487192°W / 19.602378; -155.487192
62-567: The Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation ( HI-SEAS ) is an analog habitat for human spaceflight to Mars currently operated by the International MoonBase Alliance. HI-SEAS is located in an isolated position on the slopes of the Mauna Loa volcano on the island of Hawaii . The area has Mars-like features and an elevation of approximately 8,200 feet (2,500 m) above sea level . The first HI-SEAS study
124-451: A HI-SEAS VII, NASA issued a new grant to support enhanced data mining of the previous five missions and analysis of a HI-SEAS database. Mars analog habitat A Mars analog habitat is one of several historical, existing or proposed research stations designed to simulate the physical and psychological environment of a Martian exploration mission. These habitats are used to study the equipment and techniques that will be used to analyze
186-482: A Mars-like environment, but in a Moscow research institute. An important focus of the Mars-500 research has been the early diagnosis of “adverse personal dynamics” which would affect cooperation among the crew, as well as the development of methods to overcome such issues. Researchers decided that any sort of psychological support on future missions would need to be tailored to each individual crew member, not just to
248-426: A Mars-like environment, but in a Moscow research institute. An important focus of the Mars-500 research has been the early diagnosis of “adverse personal dynamics” which would affect cooperation among the crew, as well as the development of methods to overcome such issues. Researchers decided that any sort of psychological support on future missions would need to be tailored to each individual crew member, not just to
310-482: A communications failure. During the mission many aspects of a Mars mission were simulated (see Mars analog habitat ), such as a communication delay time and isolation. Many aspects of a Mars mission were not simulated, such as the reduced gravity of Mars . They did live at a higher altitude, which would have slightly boosted radiation exposure from space radiation . During the mission, all six crew-members blogged and several were featured on professional websites such as
372-547: A crew of six people began 28 March 2014 and lasted 120 days, until 25 July 2014. The crew members were Casey Stedman (commander, USA), Tiffany Swarmer (USA), Ron Williams (USA), Anne Caraccio (USA), Ross Lockwood (Canada), and Lucie Poulet (France). HI-SEAS III began on 15 October 2014, and included six crew members and two reserve crew members: Martha Lenio (Commander), Allen Mirkadyrov, Sophie Milam, Neil Sheibelhut, Jocelyn Dunn, and Zak Wilson. Backup crew included Ed Fix and Micheal Castro. The mission ended on 13 June 2015. This
434-563: A mission” affects the moods of the crew members and their interactions with each other. Crew members prepare their own meals using combinations of shelf-stable ingredients and pre-packaged meals and frequently complete surveys to determine their mood, health, and satisfaction with the food. More recent missions have focused on crew composition and communication, with specific focus on in-mission crew interaction and mission debrief technique. HI-SEAS also undertakes research proposals submitted by outside researchers. As part of this effort, HI-SEAS
496-563: A mission” affects the moods of the crew members and their interactions with each other. Crew members prepare their own meals using combinations of shelf-stable ingredients and pre-packaged meals and frequently complete surveys to determine their mood, health, and satisfaction with the food. More recent missions have focused on crew composition and communication, with specific focus on in-mission crew interaction and mission debrief technique. HI-SEAS also undertakes research proposals submitted by outside researchers. As part of this effort, HI-SEAS
558-590: A one-year mission (Mars Arctic 365) in August 2014. Just as in past missions, Mars Arctic 365 will consist of six volunteers with skills in fields such as geology, biochemistry, microbiology, and engineering, all of whom will conduct field research in Mars-like conditions while in contact with remote support teams. MDRS has scheduled additional short-term missions through May 2014. The Mars Society has planned to establish two more habitats in Mars-like desert locations:
620-480: A one-year mission (Mars Arctic 365) in August 2014. Just as in past missions, Mars Arctic 365 will consist of six volunteers with skills in fields such as geology, biochemistry, microbiology, and engineering, all of whom will conduct field research in Mars-like conditions while in contact with remote support teams. MDRS has scheduled additional short-term missions through May 2014. The Mars Society has planned to establish two more habitats in Mars-like desert locations:
682-402: A predecessor to Mars expedition. In relation to a Mars habitat, it was noted that they are both essentially closed systems. Mars analog habitats are established to prepare astronauts, engineers, and researchers for the future challenges of sending a crewed mission to Mars. These analogs are inhabited by small teams of volunteers and may operate under “Mars-like” conditions for a few days to over
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#1732797346187744-402: A predecessor to Mars expedition. In relation to a Mars habitat, it was noted that they are both essentially closed systems. Mars analog habitats are established to prepare astronauts, engineers, and researchers for the future challenges of sending a crewed mission to Mars. These analogs are inhabited by small teams of volunteers and may operate under “Mars-like” conditions for a few days to over
806-607: A series of analog missions that will simulate year-long stays on the surface of Mars. Each mission will consist of four crew members living in Mars Dune Alpha, an isolated 1,700 square foot habitat. CHAPEA Mission 1 began on June 25, 2023, with crew members Kelly Haston, Ph.D (commander), Ross Brockwell (flight engineer), Nathan Jones, M.D. (medical officer), and Anca Selariu, Ph.D (science officer). The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station, Mars Desert Research Station, and HI-SEAS missions are all ongoing. FMARS will launch
868-542: A series of analog missions that will simulate year-long stays on the surface of Mars. Each mission will consist of four crew members living in Mars Dune Alpha, an isolated 1,700 square foot habitat. CHAPEA Mission 1 began on June 25, 2023, with crew members Kelly Haston, Ph.D (commander), Ross Brockwell (flight engineer), Nathan Jones, M.D. (medical officer), and Anca Selariu, Ph.D (science officer). The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station, Mars Desert Research Station, and HI-SEAS missions are all ongoing. FMARS will launch
930-439: A series of later missions have followed. Like other missions, HI-SEAS evaluates the social and psychological status of the crewmembers while they live in isolation and conduct field work in Mars-like environments and conditions. Early missions focused on the diet and nutrition of its crewmembers. In particular, HI-SEAS studied how “food intake in a confined and isolated setting similar to what an astronaut would experience during
992-439: A series of later missions have followed. Like other missions, HI-SEAS evaluates the social and psychological status of the crewmembers while they live in isolation and conduct field work in Mars-like environments and conditions. Early missions focused on the diet and nutrition of its crewmembers. In particular, HI-SEAS studied how “food intake in a confined and isolated setting similar to what an astronaut would experience during
1054-479: A week for research studies. One of the experiments was on 3D printing . HI-SEAS IV began on 28 August 2015 and lasted until 28 August 2016: 366 days due to the leap year. The crew members were Carmel Johnston (USA), Christiane Heinicke (Germany), Dr. Sheyna Gifford (USA), Andrzej Stewart (USA/UK), Cyprien Verseux (France), and Tristan Bassingthwaighte (USA). The backup crew included Oscar Mathews and Debbi-Lee Wilkinson. The mission positions of HI-SEAS IV included
1116-415: A year. Habitats are often located in areas that in some form resemble the environment of Mars, such as polar deserts . While living in the habitats, crew members are mostly isolated from the outside world, survive on a diet of freeze-dried food, and may conduct field experiments while wearing protective space suits. Meanwhile, researchers analyze the crew members’ medical and psychological conditions and study
1178-415: A year. Habitats are often located in areas that in some form resemble the environment of Mars, such as polar deserts . While living in the habitats, crew members are mostly isolated from the outside world, survive on a diet of freeze-dried food, and may conduct field experiments while wearing protective space suits. Meanwhile, researchers analyze the crew members’ medical and psychological conditions and study
1240-404: Is testing software which monitors psychological welfare by analyzing text-based communication, so that future astronauts’ limited access to psychiatric help is less of an issue. In addition, HI-SEAS is testing the durability of antimicrobial clothing used daily by the crew members. The CHAPEA (Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog) habitat at NASA's Johnson Space Center will undertake
1302-404: Is testing software which monitors psychological welfare by analyzing text-based communication, so that future astronauts’ limited access to psychiatric help is less of an issue. In addition, HI-SEAS is testing the durability of antimicrobial clothing used daily by the crew members. The CHAPEA (Crew Health and Performance Exploration Analog) habitat at NASA's Johnson Space Center will undertake
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#17327973461871364-519: Is trying to understand crew dynamics such as morale , stress management , and how they solve problems as a group. The geodesic habitation dome has an internal two-story open layout with a diameter of about 11 m (36 ft). The ground floor contains the communal areas with the kitchen, dining room, common work-space and lab, an exercise area and a small bathroom with a shower and toilet. The ground floor has an area of 30.3 m (326 sq ft) (usable 26.8 m (288 sq ft)) with
1426-717: The European Mars Analog Research Station in Iceland , and the Australia Mars Analog Research Station in the Australian outback . While these stations were to be built in 2003, neither has moved past the planning stages, and the future of the missions is unclear. Mars analog habitat A Mars analog habitat is one of several historical, existing or proposed research stations designed to simulate
1488-693: The European Space Agency , and China . The primary focus of these experiments was to study the effects of long-term isolation on a small crew, so that the psychological difficulties of a voyage to Mars and an extended stay on its surface may be better understood. Three separate missions were performed: a 14-day isolation in November 2007, a 105-day isolation completed in July 2009, and a 520-day isolation from April 2010 to October 2011. Unlike other Mars Analog missions, Mars-500 did not take place in
1550-514: The European Space Agency , and China . The primary focus of these experiments was to study the effects of long-term isolation on a small crew, so that the psychological difficulties of a voyage to Mars and an extended stay on its surface may be better understood. Three separate missions were performed: a 14-day isolation in November 2007, a 105-day isolation completed in July 2009, and a 520-day isolation from April 2010 to October 2011. Unlike other Mars Analog missions, Mars-500 did not take place in
1612-543: The Huffington Post , Aeon , and Narratively . The mission is also the subject of a film called Red Heaven which was released in 2020. Finally, HI-SEAS IV is the subject of the Gimlet Media podcast The Habitat . The mission ended on 28 August 2016, with the crew emerging to a crowd of news media and cameramen. This was the longest HI-SEAS yet, and the longest NASA-funded space simulation in history, with
1674-731: The Dome was inspected following the incident where a crew member suffered an electrical shock, but recovered fully. Following HI-SEAS VI, NASA funded a data mining effort covering the previous missions. The campaigns following HI-SEAS VI have no direct association with NASA and the original project team. The first mission of the EMMIHS campaigns, EMMIHS I , began on February 20 and ended on March 6, 2019. The six-person crew consisted of Dr. Michaela Musilova, Annelotte Weert, Benjamin Pothier, Josh Burstein, Nityaporn Sirikan, and Sebastian Mulder. The crew
1736-534: The EMMIHS campaigns, EMMIHS IV , began in mid 2020 as an Analog Astronaut Mission at HI-SEAS, aimed at researching the technical and sociological challenges of extraterrestrial habitation. It was initiated and supported by the European Space Agency. An all-woman mission, conducted in 2019/2020. Selene II was the first of the Selene missions which aimed to simulate living in a HI-SEAS habitat on
1798-725: The HI-SEAS base and its direct surroundings. The crew consisted of Dr. Michaela Musilova, Sabrina Kerber, Ana Paula Castro De Paula Nunes, Ariane Wanske, Charlotte Pouwels, Joseph D’Angelo, Anouk Beniest, and Marc Heemskerk. The third edition of the EMMIHS campaigns, EMMIHS III , began in early 2020, with a predominant focus on geological science and robot operations, EMMIHS-III aimed to widen knowledge on lava tubes and how to explore them in mars-like conditions. The crew for this mission consisted of Dr. Michaela Musilova, Marc Heemskerk, Kyla Pumehana Edison, Lucas Brasileiro, Robert Heemskerk, and Priyanka Das Rajkakati. The fourth and last edition of
1860-519: The HI-SEAS crew went outside the habitat once a week in simulated spacesuits to explore the terrain and to perform geological and microbe-detection studies. The focus of the study was on a diet which consisted of traditional space food (such as freeze-dried items) as well as various recipes made from a special list of ingredients. Six scientists completed the study. Mission commander Angelo Vermeulen with his colleagues recommended more spices and higher fiber foods as well as comfort foods. HI-SEAS II with
1922-466: The detailed research studies is to determine what is required to keep a space flight crew happy and healthy during an extended mission to Mars and while living on Mars. Research into food, crew dynamics, behaviors, roles and performance, and other aspects of space flight and a mission on Mars itself is the primary focus. The HI-SEAS researchers also carry out studies on a variety of other topics as part of their daily activities. One thing under study by NASA
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1984-718: The effects of isolation from family, conflicts among crewmembers, and diet) as well as the positive effects of problem-solving and exploration. The Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) is the second Mars analog habitat established by the Mars Society. Located on the San Rafael Swell in Utah , the MDRS has been inhabited by 130 individual crews (of roughly 6 members each) between the first field season in December 2001 and
2046-434: The effects of isolation from family, conflicts among crewmembers, and diet) as well as the positive effects of problem-solving and exploration. The Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) is the second Mars analog habitat established by the Mars Society. Located on the San Rafael Swell in Utah , the MDRS has been inhabited by 130 individual crews (of roughly 6 members each) between the first field season in December 2001 and
2108-434: The following specialities: commander, physicist, astrobiologist, physician, engineer, space architect, and journalist. The crew of six spent the whole year together on this mission. One of the major tasks was simply getting along with another in isolation as well as resolving interpersonal conflict if it occurred. Challenges the crew had to overcome during the mission included un-planned supply issues, water systems failures, and
2170-953: The gas exchange between a mushroom culture and an algal culture for space mission applications, acoustic sound studies in lava caves near HI-SEAS, how the brain puts together complex audio-visual information, and possible future applications during space mining and civil construction on the moon through measuring the mechanical properties of analog lunar lava. The Valoria I crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Karen Metzger, Kevin Pratt, Michael Barton, Hillary Coe, and MaryLiz Bender. The Valoria II crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Lain Velasco, Paul Tomko, Chris Jackson, and Rilee Kaliher. The mission resulted in findings about proprioception and body awareness The Valoria II crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Elisha Jhoti, Britaney Phillips, Sarafina El-Badry Nance, and Dr. Nils Averesch. In 2018, rather than conduct
2232-456: The group as a whole or to subgroups belonging to different space agencies. Mars-500 also found that most psychological issues were exacerbated by isolation and a lack of stimulus, emphasizing the need to prevent sensory deprivation and boredom. While female Russian biologist Marina Tugusheva participated in the 2007 experiment, women were reportedly excluded from the 2009 and 2011 missions to prevent issues caused by sexual tension. However, given
2294-456: The group as a whole or to subgroups belonging to different space agencies. Mars-500 also found that most psychological issues were exacerbated by isolation and a lack of stimulus, emphasizing the need to prevent sensory deprivation and boredom. While female Russian biologist Marina Tugusheva participated in the 2007 experiment, women were reportedly excluded from the 2009 and 2011 missions to prevent issues caused by sexual tension. However, given
2356-550: The habitat include an analysis of subsurface water detection techniques. Crewmembers set up seismic sensors along the Haughton crater while wearing prototype space suits, then tested how the sensors reacted to mini-earthquakes (produced by a sledgehammer) to produce a three-dimensional subsurface map. Additional experiments examined how well the FMARS crewmembers could work with an “Earth-based” remote science team. In one example,
2418-443: The habitat include an analysis of subsurface water detection techniques. Crewmembers set up seismic sensors along the Haughton crater while wearing prototype space suits, then tested how the sensors reacted to mini-earthquakes (produced by a sledgehammer) to produce a three-dimensional subsurface map. Additional experiments examined how well the FMARS crewmembers could work with an “Earth-based” remote science team. In one example,
2480-481: The mock Mars habitat. Hi-SEAS VI began on 15 February 2018 and was due to last eight months with a crew of four consisting of Sukjin Han (Korea), Calum Hervieu (Scotland), Lisa Stojanovski (Australia), and Michaela Musilova (Slovakia). However, the mission had to be halted on Sol 4 (19 February 2018) when a crew member was admitted to Hilo Medical Center. Hawaii News Now reported that the simulation had been halted while
2542-1026: The moon, it lasted a total of 14 days from November 18, 2020 to December 1, 2020. The Selene II mission crew consisted of Dr. Michaela Musilova, Lindsay Rutter, Karen Rucker, Fabio Teixeira, Cassandra Klos, and Ben Greaves. Selene III began on February 22, 2021, and ended on March 7, 2021. The mission experiments included perchlorate and nitrate reduction using bacteria and aquaponics by Crew Bioengineer Zoe Maxwell, growing spinach using human hair as fertilizer, and microgreen growth experiments conducted by Bioscience Officer Jason Fischer. The crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Eboni Brown, Oscar I. Ojeda, Zoe Maxwell, Jason Fischer, and Brooke Edwards. Selene IV began on March 13, 2021, and ended on March 26, 2021. The crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Lori Waters, Jack Bryan, Monica Parks, Cameron Crowell, and Bill O’Hara. The crew included Dr. Michaela Musilova, Sean Gellenbeck, Bader Al Moulah, Dr. Brandy Nunez, and Dr. Lindsey Kishline. The mission experiments and goals included research on
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2604-586: The multinational nature of the crew, special efforts were made to promote efficient interaction among a multicultural crew. The Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation ( HI-SEAS ) program is a series of missions organized by Cornell University and the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa . The habitat is located 2,400 meters (8,000ft) above sea level on Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawaii . The first HI-SEAS mission ran from April to August 2013, and
2666-470: The multinational nature of the crew, special efforts were made to promote efficient interaction among a multicultural crew. The Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation ( HI-SEAS ) program is a series of missions organized by Cornell University and the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa . The habitat is located 2,400 meters (8,000ft) above sea level on Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawaii . The first HI-SEAS mission ran from April to August 2013, and
2728-702: The physical and psychological environment of a Martian exploration mission. These habitats are used to study the equipment and techniques that will be used to analyze the surface of Mars during a future crewed mission, and the simulated isolation of the volunteer inhabitants allows scientists to study the medical and psychosocial effects of long-term space missions . They are often constructed in support of extensive Mars analogs (see List of Mars analogs ). However, sometimes existing natural places are also valued as Mars analogs . Crewed Mars habitats are featured in most human Mars missions; an alternative may be terraforming or telepresence. The ISS has also been described as
2790-450: The previous mission lasting 8 months, and before that 4 months. With the beginning of the 4th mission, the 'HI-SEAS Habitability study' has been introduced. The rationale behind it is based on the strong assumption that habitability, along with human factors research, is of significant importance for living and working conditions, and thus the design, of an inhabited confined and isolated environment. HI-SEAS V began on 19 January 2017 and
2852-440: The remote science team used aerial images to select ten regions of scientific interest for the FMARS crew to explore and analyze. This experiment helped researchers determine more efficient methods of scouting and investigating locations of interest under the communications limitations of a crewed mission to Mars. A study performed on the FMARS crew of July 2009 examined the psychological difficulties faced by crewmembers (especially
2914-440: The remote science team used aerial images to select ten regions of scientific interest for the FMARS crew to explore and analyze. This experiment helped researchers determine more efficient methods of scouting and investigating locations of interest under the communications limitations of a crewed mission to Mars. A study performed on the FMARS crew of July 2009 examined the psychological difficulties faced by crewmembers (especially
2976-529: The second floor spanning an area of 39.4 m (424 sq ft) comprising six personal rooms and a small bathroom with toilet only. Attached to the exterior of the habitat is a single shipping container, providing storage for food and other supplies, as well as hosting the water and electrical systems. The first HI-SEAS mission lasted for four months from mid-April to 13 November 2013 with culinary and psychological aspects. Many related aspects were also explored, including temperatures in artificial habitats. It
3038-526: The social and teamwork dynamics of the crew. The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) was established in 2000 in the territory of Nunavut, Canada . This station is the first Mars analog created by the Mars Society , a space advocacy group established in August 1998. Since the beginning of field operations in April 2001, twelve separate crews (consisting of 6–7 personnel, each) have inhabited
3100-414: The social and teamwork dynamics of the crew. The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station (FMARS) was established in 2000 in the territory of Nunavut, Canada . This station is the first Mars analog created by the Mars Society , a space advocacy group established in August 1998. Since the beginning of field operations in April 2001, twelve separate crews (consisting of 6–7 personnel, each) have inhabited
3162-464: The soil of Mars. Soil and vapor samples from the MDRS habitat were also found to contain significant amounts of methanogens , which were not previously suspected to thrive in a desert environment. This research supported the possibility of microbial life on Mars and demonstrated that crew members could detect such signs of life during an EVA. The Mars-500 mission was a series of experiments conducted between 2007 and 2011 and sponsored by Russia ,
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#17327973461873224-464: The soil of Mars. Soil and vapor samples from the MDRS habitat were also found to contain significant amounts of methanogens , which were not previously suspected to thrive in a desert environment. This research supported the possibility of microbial life on Mars and demonstrated that crew members could detect such signs of life during an EVA. The Mars-500 mission was a series of experiments conducted between 2007 and 2011 and sponsored by Russia ,
3286-526: The station. While most missions lasted less than a single month, FMARS Crew 11 remained in the Martian simulation for 100 days. FMARS is guided by three goals set by the Mars Society: to serve as a testbed for human Mars exploration, to serve as a useful research facility at a Mars analog site, and to generate public support for sending humans to Mars. Research conducted by crewmembers while living in
3348-410: The station. While most missions lasted less than a single month, FMARS Crew 11 remained in the Martian simulation for 100 days. FMARS is guided by three goals set by the Mars Society: to serve as a testbed for human Mars exploration, to serve as a useful research facility at a Mars analog site, and to generate public support for sending humans to Mars. Research conducted by crewmembers while living in
3410-533: The surface of Mars during a future crewed mission, and the simulated isolation of the volunteer inhabitants allows scientists to study the medical and psychosocial effects of long-term space missions . They are often constructed in support of extensive Mars analogs (see List of Mars analogs ). However, sometimes existing natural places are also valued as Mars analogs . Crewed Mars habitats are featured in most human Mars missions; an alternative may be terraforming or telepresence. The ISS has also been described as
3472-565: The twelfth field season ending in May 2013. Each crew typically remains in the habitat for one or two weeks. MDRS is less focused on the psychosocial aspects of space exploration than FMARS. Instead, crewmembers of MDRS focus on conducting field research in simulated Martian conditions. Several important research results have come out of the MDRS experiments. Crewmembers were able to detect methane in dry desert soils, developing techniques which could detect methane – an important biosignature – in
3534-516: The twelfth field season ending in May 2013. Each crew typically remains in the habitat for one or two weeks. MDRS is less focused on the psychosocial aspects of space exploration than FMARS. Instead, crewmembers of MDRS focus on conducting field research in simulated Martian conditions. Several important research results have come out of the MDRS experiments. Crewmembers were able to detect methane in dry desert soils, developing techniques which could detect methane – an important biosignature – in
3596-522: Was able to complete all of their mission targets. These included geological mapping of the Mauna Loa area for fresh pahoehoe lava flows and lava tubes by geology students Annelotte Weert and Sebastian Mulder. The second edition of the EMMIHS campaigns (EMMIHS II) took place in late 2019. The overall focus of the EMMIHS II campaign was on geological, physical, organizational and psychological aspects of
3658-515: Was in 2013 and NASA 's Human Research Program continues to fund and sponsor follow-up studies. The missions are of extended duration from four months to a year. Its missions place HI-SEAS in the company of a small group of analogs that are capable of operating very long duration missions (8-months and longer) in isolated and confined environments, such as Mars500, Concordia, and the International Space Station. The purpose of
3720-412: Was orchestrated primarily by NASA , University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa , and Cornell University . The 2013 study included 8 people and ran for 120 days (4 months). The crew members were Angelo Vermeulen (commander, Belgium), Simon Engler (engineer, Canada), Kate Greene (writer, USA), Yajaira Sierra Sastre (scientist, USA), Oleg Abramov (geologist, USA), Sian Proctor (education outreach, USA). Members of
3782-425: Was scheduled to run for eight months. The crew consists of Ansley Barnard (USA), James Bevington (USA), Joshua Ehrlich (USA), Laura Lark (USA), Brian Ramos (USA), and Samuel Payler (UK). The six researchers, made up of engineers, a computer scientist, an astrobiologist, and a biomedical expert, focused on team dynamics and its effect on performance. In September 2017, the crew emerged from their 8-month long mission in
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#17327973461873844-413: Was the first 8-month stay for a crew and the third overall HI-SEAS mission. NASA used the study to examine and gain knowledge about crew size, isolation, and group communication and problem resolution dynamics. One question is ideal crew size, and like the previous mission this one included a crew of six people, but for double the amount of time as the previous missions. The crew on HSIII performed 40 tasks
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