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38-456: In 1970, China's armored corps first proposed to develop a successor to HJ-73 and this was later approved, designated as the AFT-8 or HJ-8. The missile was jointly developed by Research Institute 203 and 282nd Factory, but the program was interrupted by political turmoil. The key designers were Wang Xingzhi (王兴治) and Zhao Jiazheng (赵家铮), who developed the missile. Development was not completed until

76-644: A range of up to 4,000 m, and can also defeat explosive reactive armour (ERA). It can penetrate 800–1100 mm of RHA at 0° incidence / 180+ mm RHA at 68° incidence. Designed to be both dependable and accurate, HJ-8 is now the standard anti-tank armament of the Z-9W , Mi-17 , and Gazelle (replacing the original Euromissile HOT first carried) helicopter gunships of the PLA . A launching platform that can be installed on armoured fighting vehicles has been developed by Norinco for use as an HJ-8 launching platform,

114-697: A video of them on Telegram supposedly operating a Malyutka inside a building located adjacent with the Israeli border against an Israeli vehicle near Nahal Oz . However, the article cited has mistaken the Malyutka used as an Iranian RAAD . Similar rockets were fired in large numbers by Hezbollah on Israeli targets along the northern Israeli border during the war. The Malyutka and modern derivatives are still produced in several versions in following countries: Battle of Mullaitivu (2009) [REDACTED]   Sri Lanka The Battle of Mullaitivu

152-472: Is China's first indigenous anti-tank missile design and it can be considered an equivalent of the US BGM-71 TOW and Franco-German MILAN / Euromissile HOT anti-tank missiles. HJ-8 is a tube-launched, optically tracked and wire-guided missile system armed with a HEAT anti-tank warhead. The HJ-8 is a combination many experts believe of three Western antitank missile systems obtained from nations in

190-517: Is claimed to be effective against ground targets up to 4 km away and aerial targets at 2 km, while the HJ-8H missile is effective against ground targets at ranges of 4 km away, and against low and slow aerial targets at the same range. A follow-on model that is remotely operated weighing 1.4 ton has completed its development and entered Chinese service, designed by the same designer, Wu Lixin (吴立辛). Like its predecessor, this unmanned model

228-439: Is initially spun by its booster, and the spin is maintained by the slight angle of the wings. The missile uses a small gyroscope to orient itself relative to the ground; as a result, the missile can take some time to bring back in line with the target, which gives it a minimum range of between 500 and 800 metres (550 and 870 yd). For targets under 1,000 m, the operator can guide the missile by eye; for targets beyond this range

266-413: Is internally mounted. The primary armament of SW-1 includes four HJ-8H ATGM, with two mounted in the rear location on each side of the turret. The secondary armament comprises a 30 mm main gun and a coaxial 0.30 caliber machine gun. A variety of ammo can be used and the maximum rate of fire of the main gun is around 6 rounds per second, and automatic fire can be selected at various rates. The 30-mm gun

304-578: The Battle of Cửa Việt (1973), the PAVN put up fierce resistance to the attack, destroying 26 M48s and M113s with 9M14 missiles. Vietnam claims that throughout the war, PAVN gunner Dao Van Tien fired 134 missiles and 130 hit, destroying 23 tanks and APCs, 12 howitzers, 27 bunkers and 17 other targets. The missile was employed by Arab armies during the initial phases of the Yom Kippur War . Later in

342-561: The Kolomna Machine Design Bureau , who were also responsible for the 3M6 Shmel , was chosen. Initial tests were completed by 20 December 1962, and the missile was accepted for service on 16 September 1963. The missile can be fired from a portable suitcase launcher (9P111), ground vehicles ( BMP-1 , BRDM-2 ) and helicopters ( Mi-2 , Mi-8 , Mi-24 , Soko Gazelle ). The missile takes about five minutes to deploy from its 9P111 fibreglass suitcase, which also serves as

380-565: The M48 Patton tank. This first employment of the Malyutka destroyed one M48A3 and one M113 armored cavalry assault vehicle (ACAV), and a second ACAV was damaged. During this engagement with the weapon, the ARVN tankers appeared fascinated by the missile's slow and erratic flight, but through experience, they soon deployed countermeasures against the weapon system. Upon launching by the enemy, ARVN crewmen would fire all their weapons towards

418-713: The Sea Tigers was also located in Mullaitivu. Mullaitivu had been a main target of the Sri Lankan military offensive in the Northern Theatre of Eelam War IV . Before the battle, public offices in Mullaittivu were closed for the weekend and government employees had moved out of the city ahead of the impending military action on 25 January. Civilians from Mullaittivu were also seen moving towards

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456-529: The Trophy APS that was present on the vehicle. Launchers: Mounted Platforms: See also: HJ-73 The 9M14 Malyutka (Russian: Малютка ; "Little one", NATO reporting name : AT-3 Sagger ) is a manual command to line of sight (MCLOS) wire-guided anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system developed in the Soviet Union . It was the first man-portable anti-tank guided missile of

494-643: The 1960s and are still kept in large stockpiles and sometimes used to this day by non state actors such as Hezbollah . Development began in July 1961 with the government assigning the project to two design teams: Tula and Kolomna. The requirements were: The designs were based on the Western ATGMs of the 1950s, such as the French ENTAC and the Swiss Cobra . In the end, the prototype developed by

532-655: The Middle East and Asia that were then examined and reverse engineered and modified: the tripod from the US BGM-71 TOW ; the tracker-control unit from the French/German MILAN ; and the missile from the UK Swingfire . There are numerous improved models following the original HJ-8, designated HJ-8A to HJ-8H, each incorporating improved features over the previous model. HJ-8E entered service in mid-1990. The HJ-8E anti-tank missile weighs 24.5 kg, has

570-481: The SW-1 one-man turret. The all-steel welded SW-1 turret weighs 1,750 kg and can be installed on various tracked or wheeled vehicles. The turret is stated to be immune to 0.50 caliber armour-piercing rounds at close range (100 meters) and protection is further increased when add-on armour is installed. The turret can traverse 360 degrees and be elevated -40 to +60 degrees. The fire-control system, based on that of HJ-8H,

608-501: The Soviet Union and is probably the most widely produced ATGM of all time—with Soviet production peaking at 25,000 missiles a year during the 1960s and 1970s. In addition, copies of the missile have been manufactured under various names by at least six countries. Although they have been supplanted by more advanced anti-tank guided missiles, the Malyutka and its variants have seen widespread use in nearly every regional conflict since

646-574: The Sri Lankan Air Force. Sri Lankan troops also moved in with a small group of boats from the western side of Mullaittivu. Later, the 59th Division was involved in the consolidating the captured town. Some LTTE fighters were later reported to be hiding in a small area between Vishwamadhu and Puthukkudiyiruppu . With the fall of Mullaitivu, the LTTE lost approximately 95 percent of the land they had once controlled. Sarath Fonseka ,

684-458: The area. The army had allowed a 32 kilometres (20 mi) "safe area" inside the war zone for civilians to exit. Independent aid agencies report about 230,000 civilians were inside the war zone around the northern city. The LTTE captured the Mullaitivu military base and town in 1996, following a battle which resulted in at least 1639 soldiers being killed or missing. The LTTE used the town as their main military base since then. A large base of

722-566: The commander of the Sri Lanka Army, then requested the public to celebrate the victory with dignity by hoisting the national flag. Before the town was captured, the Sri Lankan army seized two nearby facilities used for making bombs and landmines that reportedly contained 4,000 detonators and 150 kg of explosives. The Sri Lankan army continued to target LTTE positions after the capture of Mullaitivu, and attacked remaining LTTE positions inside jungles. LTTE chief Velupillai Prabhakaran

760-529: The early 1980s, after the end of the Cultural Revolution . After receiving state certification, the missile entered mass-production in 1984. HJ-8 is an optically tracked, wire guided ATGM . HJ-8 and its variants are manufactured by NORINCO 's Factory 282 (Jiangnan Machine Factory—江南机器厂), Factory 5618 (Hunan South China Photoelectricity Instrument Plant—湖南华南光电仪器厂) of China and Khan Research Laboratories of Pakistan, now by GIDS. The HJ-8 series

798-665: The government troops claimed to have entered it. After the Battle of Kilinochchi (23 November 2008 – 2 January 2009), during which the Sri Lankan military captured the LTTE stronghold of Kilinochchi , the Ministry of Defence had stated that the military's next target was Mullaitivu. Leaflets had been dropped by the Sri Lanka Air Force earlier over the town, urging civilians to come to government controlled "safe zones". The government also suspended all civil administration work on 23 January to allow public servants to leave

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836-427: The intended target time to take appropriate action, either by retreating behind an obstacle, laying down a smoke-screen , or by returning fire on the operator. [1] Later versions of the missile addressed these problems by implementing the much easier to use SACLOS Tooltip semi-automatic command to line of sight guidance system (though only available for ground vehicle and helicopter mounts), as well as upgrading

874-400: The launch axis—falling to approximately half its optimal accuracy at the extremes. While early estimates of the missile hitting the target ranged from 60 to 90%, experience has shown that it can drop to an efficiency between 2 and 25% in case of less than optimal conditions and lack of skill from the operator. In fact, MCLOS requires considerable skill on the part of the operator, nevertheless,

912-445: The launching platform. The missile is guided to the target by means of a small joystick (9S415), which requires intensive training of the operator. The operator's adjustments are transmitted to the missile via a thin three-strand wire that trails behind the missile. The missile climbs into the air immediately after launch, which prevents it from hitting obstacles or the ground. In flight, the missile spins at 8.5 revolutions per second—it

950-527: The missile's firing position, which would make the gunner flinch and lose control of his missile. Although the gunner could take cover away from the launch site, the joystick control wire only allowed 15 meters of clearance. During the engagement, the ARVN eventually lost eight tanks to the 9M14M missile, but had developed tactics to defend themselves against it. During the Battle of Kontum (1972), 33 missiles were fired and 32 hit, destroying four tanks, two howitzers, six bunkers and seven other targets. During

988-465: The north into the jungle areas where the LTTE guerrillas had retreated. On 24 January 2009, the LTTE had blown up a dam near the town which flooded the surrounding areas. LTTE fighters also built earth barriers, which made it difficult for the army to approach with heavy tanks. Infantrymen of the Sri Lankan army's 7th Gemunu Watch first entered the town after facing fierce resistance from the LTTE. The ground forces were backed by helicopter gunships of

1026-430: The operator uses the eight-power, 22.5-degree field of view, 9Sh16 periscope sight. The engagement envelope is a 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide, 45-degree arc centered on the missile's launch axis. At ranges under 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi), this arc reduces until, at the 500 metres (550 yd) range, the missile can only hit targets 50 metres (55 yd) either side of the center line. Accuracy falls off away from

1064-606: The propulsion system to increase the average flight speed. The latest updates feature tandem-charge warheads or standoff probes to counteract explosive reactive armor , as well as thermal imaging systems. Even in these latest versions, the Malyutka is probably the most inexpensive ATGM in service today. In Soviet service, the man-portable version was deployed as part of the anti-tank platoon of motor rifle battalions . Each platoon had two Malyutka sections, each with two teams. Each team had two launcher stations. One assistant gunner in each team served as an RPG-7 gunner. The RPG-7

1102-641: The separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). They were mostly used to destroy LTTE structures, including bunkers. On at least one occasion during the 2009 Battle of Mullaitivu , the Sri Lankan Army used these weapons against fast attack craft of the Sea Tigers , the LTTE's naval wing. Since June 2013, videos showing the use of the HJ-8 by Free Syrian Army rebels against Syrian Arab Army armor have surfaced and have been successful in destroying T-72 tanks. Since December 2014, videos showing

1140-568: The threat posed by Warsaw Pact ATGMs . In total, Malyutkas knocked out more than 800 Israeli tanks and other combat vehicles during the war. Rebels of the Free Libyan Army have been filmed using Malyutkas during the Libyan Civil War . Syrian rebels have also uploaded videos of themselves firing Malyutkas against government forces since late 2012. On 7 October 2023, a Palestinian faction, Al-Quds Brigades uploaded

1178-569: The use of the HJ-8 by the Peshmerga against Islamic State (ISIL) have surfaced. The HJ-8 systems might have been captured from ISIL stockpiles. The HJ-8 may have been responsible for the destruction of an Iraqi Army M1 Abrams tank by the Peshmerga in the Battle Of Altun Kupri . The Bhaktar Shikan variant of the HJ-8 made by Pakistan has been used in large numbers against TTP insurgents during Operation Zarb-e-Azb where it

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1216-462: The vehicle from the rear and set off an exterior fire which then spread inside. This is the first documented use of this weapon by Al-Qassam Brigades, although other Chinese weapons have reportedly previously been used in the Strip. On August 1, 2024 Izz Adin al-Qassam Brigades published a second footage of its operatives targeting an Israeli Namer APC hitting it from the side, successfully bypassing

1254-550: The war, the Israelis adopted new tactics and learned to neutralize the threat by employing large concentrations of artillery fire to either distract or kill the missile operators. Other improvised methods used by the Israelis to defeat the Malyutkas involved firing in front of the tank to create dust, moving back and forth and firing at the source of the missile. These Israeli tactics were later adopted by NATO forces to counter

1292-517: The weapon has always been quite popular with its operators and has enjoyed a constant updating effort both in the Soviet Union/Russia and in other countries. The two most serious defects of the original weapon are its minimum range of between 500 and 800 metres (550 and 870 yd) (targets that are closer cannot be effectively engaged) and the amount of time it takes the slow moving missile to reach maximum range—around 30 seconds—giving

1330-718: Was a land battle fought between the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for the control of the town of Mullaitivu in the Northern Theatre of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war . The town of Mullaitivu was the last stronghold of the LTTE. The government declared on 25 January 2009 that its troops had entered the town and were consolidating their positions. The Sri Lanka Air Force had been attacking LTTE positions in and around Mullaitivu for several days before

1368-419: Was also first tested by using HJ-73C ATGM. The unmanned version carries 160 rounds of 30 mm ammunition. The Baktar-Shikan variant from Pakistan were supplied to Bosnian government forces in the early 1993. It was used by Bosniak army forces against Serb tanks during the 1993 offensive, helping Bosniak forces destroy Serb tanks. The Sri Lanka Army acquired HJ-8 from China during the civil conflict against

1406-560: Was mainly used to destroy hideouts and caves where the insurgents would usually hide. Its use in the Line of Control was reported against Indian Army bunkers and checkposts on the Line of Control during border skirmishes. On June 24, 2024, Izz Adin al-Qassam Brigades published footage of its forces targeting an Israeli Defence Force Namer APC engineering variant equipped with an CARPET thermobaric demining system using an HJ-8, which directly hit

1444-593: Was needed to cover the 500 meter deadzone created by the minimum range of the missile. It is also an integrated part of the BMP-1 , BMD-1 , and BRDM-2 vehicles. On 23 April 1972, the recently organized Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 20th Tank Regiment was attacked by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) employing the Malyutka for the first time. The 20th was the only South Vietnamese armor unit equipped with

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