Hansen solubility parameters were developed by Charles M. Hansen in his Ph.D thesis in 1967 as a way of predicting if one material will dissolve in another and form a solution . They are based on the idea that like dissolves like where one molecule is defined as being 'like' another if it bonds to itself in a similar way.
16-625: HSP may refer to: Biology, chemistry, and medicine [ edit ] Hansen solubility parameters Heat shock protein Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hereditary spastic paraplegia Highly sensitive person, with high sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) Mathematics, software, and technology [ edit ] Hidden subgroup problem , in mathematics High Speed Photometer , Hubble Space Telescope instrument Host signal processing , software emulating hardware Hot Soup Processor ,
32-434: A good indication of solubility , particularly for nonpolar materials such as many polymers . Materials with similar values of δ are likely to be miscible . The Hildebrand solubility parameter is the square root of the cohesive energy density : The cohesive energy density is the amount of energy needed to completely remove a unit volume of molecules from their neighbours to infinite separation (an ideal gas ). This
48-693: A programming language High-Scoring Segment Pair, in the BLAST algorithm List of Bluetooth profiles#Headset Profile (HSP) Education [ edit ] Harvard Sussex Program , an inter-university collaboration Holy Spirit Preparatory School , in Atlanta, Georgia, United States Political parties [ edit ] Croatian Party of Rights (Croatian: Hrvatska stranka prava ) People's Voice Party (Turkish: Halkın Sesi Partisi ), Turkey Other uses [ edit ] Halal snack pack , an Australian dish Topics referred to by
64-401: Is best used for screening with data used to verify the predictions. The conventional units for the solubility parameter are ( calories per cm ) , or cal cm . The SI units are J m , equivalent to the pascal . 1 calorie is equal to 4.184 J. 1 cal cm = (523/125 J) (10 m) = (4.184 J) (0.01 m) = 2.045483 10 J m = 2.045483 (10 J/m ) = 2.045483 MPa . Given the non-exact nature of
80-518: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Hansen solubility parameters Specifically, each molecule is given three Hansen parameters, each generally measured in MPa : These three parameters can be treated as co-ordinates for a point in three dimensions also known as the Hansen space. The nearer two molecules are in this three-dimensional space,
96-439: Is equal to the heat of vaporization of the compound divided by its molar volume in the condensed phase. In order for a material to dissolve, these same interactions need to be overcome, as the molecules are separated from each other and surrounded by the solvent. In 1936 Joel Henry Hildebrand suggested the square root of the cohesive energy density as a numerical value indicating solvency behavior. This later became known as
112-434: Is possible to calculate HSP via molecular dynamics techniques, though currently the polar and hydrogen bonding parameters cannot reliably be partitioned in a manner that is compatible with Hansen's values. The following are limitations according to Hansen: Hildebrand solubility parameter The Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ) provides a numerical estimate of the degree of interaction between materials and can be
128-731: The "Hildebrand solubility parameter". Materials with similar solubility parameters will be able to interact with each other, resulting in solvation , miscibility or swelling. Its principal utility is that it provides simple predictions of phase equilibrium based on a single parameter that is readily obtained for most materials. These predictions are often useful for nonpolar and slightly polar ( dipole moment < 2 debyes ) systems without hydrogen bonding. It has found particular use in predicting solubility and swelling of polymers by solvents. More complicated three-dimensional solubility parameters, such as Hansen solubility parameters , have been proposed for polar molecules. The principal limitation of
144-504: The distance ( R a {\displaystyle \ Ra} ) between Hansen parameters in Hansen space the following formula is used: Combining this with the interaction radius R 0 {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {0} }} gives the relative energy difference (RED) of the system: Historically Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) have been used in industries such as paints and coatings where understanding and controlling solvent–polymer interactions
160-466: The factor of four (see Ch 2 of Ref 1 and also. However, there are clearly systems (e.g. Bottino et al. , "Solubility parameters of poly(vinylidene fluoride)" J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (4), 785-79, 1988) where the regions of solubility are far more eccentric than predicted by the standard Hansen theory. HSP effects can be over-ridden by size effects (small molecules such as methanol can give "anomalous results"). It has been shown that it
176-415: The formation of electron donor acceptor complexes. Like any simple predictive theory, HSP are best used for screening with data used to validate the predictions. Hansen parameters have been used to estimate Flory-Huggins Chi parameters, often with reasonable accuracy. The factor of 4 in front of the dispersion term in the calculation of Ra has been the subject of debate. There is some theoretical basis for
SECTION 10
#1732772885765192-433: The more likely they are to dissolve into each other. To determine if the parameters of two molecules (usually a solvent and a polymer) are within range, a value called interaction radius ( R 0 {\displaystyle R_{\mathrm {0} }} ) is given to the substance being dissolved. This value determines the radius of the sphere in Hansen space and its center is the three Hansen parameters. To calculate
208-498: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title HSP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HSP&oldid=1218825117 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Croatian-language text Articles containing Turkish-language text Short description
224-400: The solubility parameter approach is that it applies only to associated solutions ("like dissolves like" or, technically speaking, positive deviations from Raoult's law ); it cannot account for negative deviations from Raoult's law that result from effects such as solvation or the formation of electron donor–acceptor complexes. Like any simple predictive theory, it can inspire overconfidence; it
240-441: The use of δ, it is often sufficient to say that the number in MPa is about twice the number in cal cm . Where the units are not given, for example, in older books, it is usually safe to assume the non-SI unit. From the table, poly(ethylene) has a solubility parameter of 7.9 cal cm . Good solvents are likely to be diethyl ether and hexane . (However, PE only dissolves at temperatures well above 100 °C.) Poly(styrene) has
256-671: Was vital. Over the years their use has been extended widely to applications such as: HSP have been criticized for lacking the formal theoretical derivation of Hildebrand solubility parameters . All practical correlations of phase equilibrium involve certain assumptions that may or may not apply to a given system. In particular, all solubility parameter-based theories have a fundamental limitation that they apply only to associated solutions (i.e., they can only predict positive deviations from Raoult's law ): they cannot account for negative deviations from Raoult's law that result from effects such as solvation (often important in water-soluble polymers) or
#764235