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36-423: The painting depicts two women and a man in the lobby of a hotel. On the right is a woman with blond hair and a blue dress, sitting with her legs crossed and reading a book. To the left sits an older woman with a red dress, a coat and a hat. A man stands next to her, facing forward, with a suit on and an overcoat draped over his right arm. On the left wall, above the woman, is a framed landscape painting. A clerk behind

72-414: A character in a performance, as an intended consequence of the actor's interpretation of the script Alienation of affection(s) , a legal term whereby a third party is blamed for the breakdown of a personal relationship Parental alienation , a process through which a child becomes estranged from a parent as the result of the psychological manipulation of another parent Parental alienation syndrome ,

108-730: A painter, he was a talented folk musician , and released a record called Saturday Night at Tom Benton's . Curry, from Dunavant, Kansas , began as an illustrator of " Wild West " stories, but after more training, he was hired to paint murals for the Department of Justice and the Department of Interior under the Federal Arts Patronage in the New Deal . He had a histrionic, anecdotal style, and believed that art should come from everyday life and that artists should paint what they love. In his case he painted his beloved home in

144-504: A political statement and lent their art to revolutionary and radical causes. The works which stress local and small-town themes are often called "American Regionalism", and those depicting urban scenes, with political and social consciousness are called "Social Realism". The version that developed in California is known as California Scene Painting . American Regionalism is best known through its "Regionalist Triumvirate" consisting of

180-479: A sense of nationalism and romanticism in depictions of everyday American life. This sense of nationalism stemmed from artists' rejection of modern art trends after World War I and the Armory Show. During the 1930s, these artists documented and depicted American cities, small towns, and rural landscapes; some did so as a way to return to a simpler time away from industrialization, whereas others sought to make

216-409: A stoic and dramatic feeling, reminiscent of the film noir movies Hopper might have seen and the complex structure and feeling of works by Edgar Degas . The painting uses harsh light and rigid lines to create a "carefully constructed" uncomfortable environment. The elevated and theatrical vantage point of the painting may be derived from Hopper's love of Broadway theatre which he often watched from

252-454: A strong and lasting influence on popular culture, particularly in America. It has given America some of its most iconic pieces of art that symbolize the country. Regionalist-type imagery influenced many American children's book illustrators such as Holling Clancy Holling , and still shows up in advertisements, movies, and novels today. Works like American Gothic are commonly parodied around

288-614: A work that helped to create Hopper's signature style; an intimate setting, simple lines and geometry, flat color usage and moody light. A shadowy figure and a sensual woman each make another visit in Hotel Lobby as seen in Summer Interior . The painting was in the collection of Henry Hope from Bloomington, Indiana . From June until December 2006 the Whitney Museum, which has the largest holding of Hopper's works in

324-546: Is an American realist modern art movement that included paintings, murals, lithographs, and illustrations depicting realistic scenes of rural and small-town America primarily in the Midwest . It arose in the 1930s as a response to the Great Depression , and ended in the 1940s due to the end of World War II and a lack of development within the movement. It reached its height of popularity from 1930 to 1935, as it

360-510: Is best known for his painting American Gothic . He also wrote a notable pamphlet titled Revolt Against the City, published in Iowa City in 1935, in which he asserted that American artists and buyers of art were no longer looking to Parisian culture for subject matter and style. Wood wrote that Regional artists interpret the physiography , industry, and psychology of their hometown and that

396-603: The Impressionists bridged a gap for the Post-Impressionists , like Paul Cézanne , Vincent van Gogh , and Paul Gauguin , in France a generation earlier. Despite the fact that Regionalism developed with the intent of replacing European abstraction with authentic American realism, it became the bridge for American Abstract Expressionism , led by Benton's pupil Jackson Pollock . Pollock's power as an artist

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432-462: The Midwest . Wood wrote about Curry's style and subject matter of art, stating "It was action he loved most to interpret: the lunge through space, the split second before the kill, the suspended moment before the storm strikes." A debate over who and what would define American art as Modernism began with the 1913 Armory Show in New York between abstraction and realism. The debate then evolved in

468-406: The 1930s into the three camps, Regionalism, Social Realism , and abstract art . By the 1940s, Regionalism and Social Realism were placed on the same side of the debate as American Scene Painting, leaving only two camps, that were divided geographically and politically. American Scene Painting was promoted by conservative, anti-Modernist critics such as Thomas Craven , who saw it as a way to defeat

504-615: The Great Depression, Regionalism became one of the dominant art movements in America in the 1930s, the other being Social Realism . At the time, the United States was still a heavily agricultural nation, with a much smaller portion of its population living in industrial cities such as New York City or Chicago . American Scene Painting is an umbrella term for American Regionalism and Social Realism otherwise known as Urban Realism . Much of American Scene Painting conveys

540-526: The United States were having to ration food, their sons were sent to fight overseas, and war bonds were being sold by the U.S. Department of the Treasury . Taking inspiration from President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Four Freedoms: State of the Union Address from January 1941, Rockwell would create this work that would be used as propaganda. It would be transformed into prints and appear in four issues of

576-514: The art world. The end of World War II ushered in a new era of peace and prosperity, and the Cold War brought a change in the political perception of Americans and allowed Modernist critics to gain power. Regionalism and Social Realism also lost popularity among American viewers due to a lack of development within the movement due to the tight constraints of the art to agrarian subject matter. Ultimately, this led to abstract expressionism winning out

612-538: The balcony. Before he created the Hotel Lobby Hopper drew ten studies of the work, which were later given to the Whitney Museum of American Art by the estate of his wife, Josephine. Nine of the ten studies are described as: These studies show the older couple communicating, only to cease their conversation in the final painting and the reading man is replaced with a blonde young woman reading in

648-426: The blue dress worn by the younger woman shows youth and distance. Throughout Hopper's sketches the clerk does not appear until the final painting. Under X-ray it can be seen that Hopper did little to change the canvas once he began work. Most alterations were made in the position of the young woman's head and in outlines of some areas in dark blue paint. A partial underdrawing was found but little detail remains. Hopper

684-545: The competition of these preceding elements create American culture. He wrote that the lure of the city was gone, and hoped that part of the widely diffused "whole people" would prevail. He cited Thomas Jefferson 's characterization of cities as "ulcers on the body politic." Benton was a painter, illustrator, and lithographer from Neosho, Missouri , who became widely known for his murals. His subject matter mostly focused on working-class America, while incorporating social criticism. He heavily denounced European modern art despite

720-625: The fact that he was regarded as a modernist and an abstractionist. When Regionalism lost its popularity in America, Benton got a job as a teacher at the Kansas City Art Institute , where he became a teacher and lifelong father figure for Jackson Pollock . Benton wrote two autobiographies, his first one titled An Artist in America , which described his travels in the United States, and his second, An American in Art , which described his technical development as an artist. Along with being

756-538: The final painting. The modeling for both women in the painting was done by his wife Josephine. After their marriage in 1920 she insisted on being the model for all of his female figures. The coat the older woman wears is based on a fur coat owned by Hopper's wife, a coat she often wore to openings and a rare find in the Hopper's frugal household. The red dress that the older woman wears (that Jo, in her journal, describes as "coral") signifies anger and extroversion, while

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792-523: The influence of abstraction arriving from Europe. American Scene painters primarily lived in rural areas and created works that were realistic and addressed social, economic and political issues. On the other side of the debate were the abstract artists who primarily lived in New York City and were promoted by pro- Modernist critics, writers and artists such as Alfred Stieglitz . When World War II ended, Regionalism and Social Realism lost status in

828-742: The legal transfer of title of ownership to another party Marx's theory of alienation , the separation of things that naturally belong together, or antagonism between those who are properly in harmony Alienation (video game) , a 2016 PlayStation 4 video game "Alienation" (speech) , an inaugural address by Jimmy Reid as Rector of the University of Glasgow Social alienation , an individual's estrangement from society See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Wikiquote has quotations related to Alienation . Alien Nation (disambiguation) Alienability (disambiguation) Alienation effect , an audience's inability to identify with

864-398: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alienation&oldid=1227572674 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages American scene painting American Regionalism

900-547: The reception desk is barely visible in the shadows. Hotel Lobby is a signature piece in Hopper's work, displaying his classic themes of alienation and brevity . The Hoppers traveled frequently, staying in many motels and hotels throughout his career. This is one of two works in his catalog that depicts a hotel, the other being Hotel Window (1955). The older couple are believed to represent Hopper and his wife, at that date in their 60s. The hotel guests have been described as being "both traveling and suspended in time," reflecting

936-412: The theory that a set of behaviors in a child who displays extreme but unwarranted fear, disrespect or hostility towards a parent can be used to establish that the child's reaction was caused by the other parent Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Alienation . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

972-537: The three most highly respected artists of America's Great Depression era: Grant Wood , Thomas Hart Benton , and John Steuart Curry . All three studied art in Paris, but devoted their lives to creating a truly American form of art. They believed that the solution to urban problems in American life and the Great Depression was for the United States to return to its rural, agricultural roots. Wood, from Anamosa, Iowa ,

1008-463: The title of American Modernism, and becoming the new prominent and popular artistic movement. Regionalism limited the spread of abstract art to the East Coast , which allowed American art to gain confidence in itself instead of relying on European styles. With American art fully established, Regionalism then was able to bridge the gap between abstract art and academic realism similarly to how

1044-654: The world, displayed Hotel Lobby alongside their own works and key loans such as Nighthawks (1942) and New York Movie (1939). Hotel Lobby is currently on display in the Indianapolis Museum of Art's American Scene Gallery. In 2008 the IMA exhibited the work alongside the ten studies on loan from the Whitney in Edward Hopper: Paper to Paint , which ran until January 2009. In 1996 Hotel Lobby

1080-661: The world. Even John Steuart Curry's mural, Tragic Prelude , which is painted on a wall at the Kansas State Capitol , was featured on the cover of American progressive rock band Kansas ' debut album titled Kansas . Norman Rockwell's Freedom from Want , 1943, was painted during the middle of the United States ' involvement in World War II . The painting is comparable with the traditional American Thanksgiving dinner. During this time families around

1116-448: Was chosen by a jury composed of Juliana Force , then director of the Whitney Museum , and artists Raphael Soyer and Reginald Marsh . In regards to the painting, Chicago critic C.J. Bulliet stated that "Mr. Hopper is getting a little lazy about the excellent formula he has hit. Hotel Lobby is typical Hopper, but Hopper that has lost something of its kick." The artwork has been compared to Hopper's earlier work Summer Interior (1909),

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1152-582: Was known to model for himself for figures, as in Nighthawks , leading some to believe he may have modeled for the male figure in Hotel Lobby . One of the few paintings by Hopper to lack windows, Hotel Lobby uses light from the revolving door and an unseen area from between the ceiling beams. In 1945 Hopper was awarded the Logan Medal of the Arts and a $ 500 honorarium for Hotel Lobby . The painting

1188-436: Was mostly due to the encouragement and influence of Thomas Hart Benton. Norman Rockwell and Andrew Wyeth were the primary successors to Regionalism's natural realism. Rockwell became widely popular with his illustrations of the American family in magazines. Wyeth on the other hand painted Christina's World , which competes with Wood's American Gothic for the title of America's favorite painting. Regionalism has had

1224-597: Was not clearly defined in the context of American art . There was also a struggle to define a uniquely American type of art. On the path to determining what American art would be, some American artists rejected the modern trends emanating from the Armory Show and European influences particularly from the School of Paris . By rejecting European abstract styles, American artists chose to adopt academic realism , which depicted American urban and rural scenes. Partly due to

1260-548: Was used as the paperback cover for the book Hotel Paradise by Martha Grimes . The painting also appears in City Limits: Crime, consumer culture and the urban experience by Keith Hayward . alienation [REDACTED] Look up alienation  or alienate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Alienation may refer to: Alienation (property law) ,

1296-414: Was widely appreciated for its reassuring images of the American heartland during the Great Depression. Despite major stylistic differences between specific artists, Regionalist art in general was in a relatively conservative and traditionalist style that appealed to popular American sensibilities, while strictly opposing the perceived domination of French art. Before World War II, the concept of Modernism

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