Misplaced Pages

#294705

70-723: The Hotel Mediteran Ulcinj , located in the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro , is one of the first privatization deals completed by the new nation of Montenegro. The hotel was acquired by in July 2005 through the Commerce Court of Podgorica . The hotel is considered a vital property as part of national economic development. As part of its acquisition of the resort facility, Husein Becovic through his Becovic Management Group, agreed to invest court-stipulated funds, to renovate

140-828: A Colchis conditum). Ptolemy (90–168) mentions the city as Greek Oulkinion (Ουλκίνιον). Although the ancient writers preferred a connection with Cholchis, the name of the settlement appears to be connected with the Albanian word ujk or ulk (meaning wolf in English ), from Proto-Albanian *(w)ulka , from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos . In modern Albanian, it is known as Ulqin . The name, through Late (Vulgar) Roman, became Middle Latin Ulcinium , Italian : Dulcigno ( pronounced [dulˈtʃiɲɲo] ), and Dolchin , modern Italian Dulcigno Slavic : Ulcinj , Old Serbian: Льцин, Ульцин and Turkish : Ülgün . Ulcinj

210-486: A clock tower were built. Ulcinj remained a den of piracy until this was finally put to an end by Mehmed Pasha Bushati . In 1673, the self-proclaimed Jewish Messiah Sabbatai Zevi was exiled here from Istanbul . Ulcinj remained an Ottoman town for more than 300 years until it was ceded to the Principality of Montenegro in 1878. It is a former medieval Catholic bishopric and remains a Latin titular see . Ulcinj

280-434: A completely formed independent IE language since at least the first millennium BCE, with the beginning of the early Proto-Albanian phase. The precursor of Albanian is often thought to have been an Illyrian language for obvious geographic and historical reasons as well as for some linguistic evidence, or otherwise an unmentioned Balkan Indo-European language that was closely related to Illyrian and Messapic . Messapic, which

350-594: A contract executed in Ulcinj; specifically Sales Agreement Number 1171 dated July 25, 2005. The New York Times cited Hotel Mediteran of Ulcinj, along with Ada Bojana and Velika Plaza of the Ulcinj South Coast of Montenegro, as among "The Top Places to Go in 2010." Hotel Mediteran provides 134 guest rooms in six guest buildings facing the Adriatic Sea and Stari Grad (old town) Ulcinj. Room range from

420-547: A naval demonstration off the coast of Dulcigno to put pressure on the Ottoman Empire to resolve the dispute peacefully. The Ottoman Empire eventually agreed to cede the town and surrounding territory to Montenegro in exchange for compensation. The surrender of Dulcigno to Montenegro marked a significant expansion of Montenegro's territory and was seen as a diplomatic victory for the Great Powers, who had prevented

490-686: A popular tradition on a reduced degree. The reorganization of the Church as a cult institution in the region took a considerable amount of time, as the Balkans were brought back into the Christian orbit only after the recovery of the Byzantine Empire and through the activity of Byzantine missionaries. The earliest ascertained church vocabulary of Middle Greek origin in Albanian dates to

560-499: A potentially violent conflict in the region. After the city's annexation to Montenegro, of its 8,000-strong population about 3,000 Albanians left and settled elsewhere in northern Albania. 142 Montenegrin families were brought to settle in the outskirts of Ulcinj in the 1880s. The population of Ulcinj steadily decreased until the post-WWII period. Ulcinj became a part of the Kingdom of Montenegro from 1878 until 1918 when Montenegro

630-644: A social frame of bilingualism among early Albanians having to be able to speak some form of Greek. Proto-Albanian came into contact with Latin since the Illyro–Roman wars in the late 3rd and early 2nd centuries BCE, when the Roman Republic defeated the Illyrians and began to establish its rule in the Western Balkans, gradually consolidating its dominion during the last two centuries BCE. But

700-585: A standard double bedded room to a family style room which can accommodate up to 4 guests. 41°55′25″N 19°12′34″E  /  41.9236°N 19.2094°E  / 41.9236; 19.2094 Ulcinj As one of the oldest settlements in the Adriatic coast , it was founded in 5th century BC. It was captured by the Romans in 163 BC from the Illyrians . With the division of the Roman Empire , it

770-539: Is Albanian . Population by ethnicity (2011 census): Population by mother tongue (2011 census): Population by religion (2011 census): Ulcinj is a tourist destination in summer. In January 2010, the New York Times named ranked the south coast region of Montenegro, featuring Velika Plaza , Ada Bojana , and the Hotel Mediteran , as one of "The Top 31 Places to Go in 2010". Although Ulcinj

SECTION 10

#1732791462295

840-699: Is a founding member of the Union of Albanian Municipalities in the Region. Ulcinj is twinned with: Ulcinj also cooperates with: Proto-Albanian language Pontic Steppe Caucasus East Asia Eastern Europe Northern Europe Pontic Steppe Northern/Eastern Steppe Europe South Asia Steppe Europe Caucasus India Indo-Aryans Iranians East Asia Europe East Asia Europe Indo-Aryan Iranian Indo-Aryan Iranian Others European Proto-Albanian

910-636: Is a popular destination for tourists, because of its Long Beach , Lake Šas , Ada Bojana Island and for Ulcinj Castle , parts of which date back two millennia There are 26 mosques in the town and surrounding countryside. Ulcinj is the centre of the Albanian community in Montenegro . Early historian Livy (59 BC–AD 17) mentioned it, as did Pliny the Elder (23–79), who mentioned it as Olcinium , its old name Colchinium , "founded by [settlers from] Colchis " (Olchinium quod antea Colchinium dictum est

980-609: Is a well preserved citadel surviving from medieval times. The old town sits atop a rocky bluff overlooking the shore and is being rapidly restored as a tourist centre. Ada Bojana is popular among foreign tourists from Western Europe for its peace and atmosphere. A large naturist campsite is located in Ada Bojana. Lake Šas and Ulcinj's salt pond are visited by birdwatchers, because Ulcinj and its surroundings are major resting points for over 200 bird species on their migration paths. There are numerous cafés, discos, and bars that dot

1050-522: Is an ancient seaport. The wider area of Ulcinj has been inhabited since the Bronze Age , based on dating of Illyrian tombs (tumuli) found in the village of Zogaj , in the vicinity of Ulcinj. The town is believed to have been founded in the 5th century BC by colonists from Colchis , as mentioned in the 3rd century BC poem by Apollonius of Rhodes . Illyrians lived in the region at the time as there are traces of immense Cyclopean walls still visible in

1120-541: Is attested in this form from 879 CE, required an early long-standing period of Tosk Albanian–East South Slavic bilingualism, or at least contact, resulting from the Tosk Albanian rhotacism -n- into -r- and Eastern South Slavic l-vocalization ly- into o- . The name of the region Labëri resulted through the Slavic liquid metathesis: South Slavic *Labanьja < Late Common Slavic *Olbanьja 'Albania', and

1190-543: Is called by locals, is a promenade which separates a street lined with coffee shops from Mala plaža. At night during the summer months, the Korzo is pedestrianised and families and young people gather. There are many more less known smaller beaches that serve as get-aways from the main tourist areas. Ulcinj has also a large number of religious buildings like mosques , türbes and churches , including Pasha's Mosque , Sailors' Mosque and St. Nicholas' Church. Ulcinj's old town

1260-812: Is connected with the rest of Montenegro by a two-lane highway. It is connected with other coastal towns by the Adriatic Highway . Reaching inland is made possible by detouring from the Adriatic Highway at Budva or Sutomore (through the Sozina Tunnel ). As of today, there are no airports in the city of Ulcinj. However, nearby airports in Tivat and Podgorica are both around 70 km (43 mi) away. There are regular flights to Belgrade and Zürich from Tivat. Podgorica Airport has regular flights to major Europe and destinations throughout

1330-597: Is dated to the 6th–8th century CE, reflecting some of the more archaic phonetic features of Slavic as well as early Albanian phonology. The early Slavic loanwords into Albanian developed Slavic *s as /ʃ/ and *y as /u/ within Albanian phonology of that era. Such toponyms include Bushtricë ( Kukës ), Dishnica ( Përmet ), Dragoshtunjë ( Elbasan ), Leshnjë ( Leshnjë , Berat and other areas), Shelcan (Elbasan), Shishtavec (Kukës/Gora), Shuec ( Devoll ) and Shtëpëz ( Gjirokastër ), Shopël ( Iballë ), Veleshnjë ( Skrapar ) and others. Part of

1400-949: Is grouped in the same IE branch of Albanian, developed in southeast Italy after crossing the Adriatic Sea at least since the Early Iron Age, being attested in about six hundred inscriptions from Iron Age Apulia . In classical antiquity Proto-Albanian was spoken in the central-western part of the Balkan Peninsula, to the north and west of the Ancient Greeks , as shown by early Doric Greek (West Greek) and Ancient Macedonian loanwords that were treated with characteristic Albanian features, by classical place names exclusively observing Albanian accent and phonetic rules, as well as by several Proto-Albanian items preserved in ancient glossaries. Proto-Albanian speech came into contact in its earlier stage with Ancient Greek since

1470-516: Is provided by ancient common structural innovations and phonologic convergence such as: Those innovations are limited only to the Albanian and Greek languages and are not shared with other languages of the Balkan sprachbund . Since they precede the Balkan sprachbund era, those innovations date to a prehistoric phase of the Albanian language, spoken at that time in the same area as Greek and within

SECTION 20

#1732791462295

1540-455: Is still undiscovered by many travelers from larger countries, repeat tourists and an increasing number of first-time visitors make it a hot spot for vacationers between the months of May and September. It is most famous for its sandy beaches. The most valuable resource of the Ulcinj riviera is Velika plaža ( Albanian : Plazha e Madhe , lit.   'The Big Beach'), which is a 12 km (7.5 mi) long stretch of sandy beach and

1610-438: Is the administrative centre of Ulcinj Municipality , which has a population of 21,395. The town of Ulcinj itself has a population of 11,488. Ulcinj Municipality is the centre of the Albanian community in Montenegro . It is one of two municipalities in Montenegro where Albanians form the majority with 70%, the other being Tuzi with a 68% majority. The majority ethnic group in Ulcinj are Albanians . The largest spoken language

1680-568: Is the ancestral reconstructed language of Albanian , before the Gheg – Tosk dialectal diversification (before c.  600 CE ). Albanoid and other Paleo-Balkan languages had their formative core in the Balkans after the Indo-European migrations in the region. Whether descendants or sister languages of what was called Illyrian by classical sources, Albanian and Messapic , on

1750-515: The Balšić family. Under Balšić control, Ulcinj continued to be an important town and also minted coins . According to historian Luigi Paulucci at the time of the Venetians the town was half Albanian, a quarter Venetian and one quarter Slavic. In 1496 Arnold von Harff created a German-Albanian dictionary simply by interacting with the population of the city. The Venetians attempted to capture

1820-609: The Christianization of the Slavs did not involve Albanian-speakers, indeed, the Christian belief among Albanians had survived through the centuries and already become an important cultural element in their ethnic identity. When the Slavic-speaking farmers migrated to the Balkans and settled the plains from the 6th–7th centruries CE, they encountered Albanian-speaking Indo-Europeans and assimilated part of them, but

1890-464: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia . As the southernmost city of the coast of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Ulcinj had a strong turnaround in the 1930s with the development of the tourist industry. At that time hotels were built such as Krištja, Republic, Jadran and Koop (later Galeb). World War II halted economic momentum. From 1941 to 1944, Ulcinj was under the Albanian administration. On November 7, 1943, Ulcinj

1960-482: The comparative method between the Tosk and Gheg dialects and between Albanian and other Indo-European languages, as well as through contact linguistics studying early loanwords from and into Albanian and structural and phonological convergences with other languages. Loanwords into Albanian treated through its phonetic evolution can be traced back as early as the first contacts with Doric Greek (West Greek) since

2030-544: The crop cultivation vocabulary, in Eastern Romance languages, indicate that Proto-Albanian speakers were already leading a pastoral lifestyle at the time when Latin speakers assumed the same way of life, borrowing from (Proto-)Albanian a number of technical terms. The post-Roman contact zone between Albanian and Common Romanian is considered to have been located in Dardania and adjacent areas. From this contact

2100-594: The 7th and 12th centuries a powerful network of cult institutions were revived completely covering the ecclesiastical administration of the entire present-day Albanian-speaking compact area. In particular an important role was played by the Theme of Dyrrhachium and the Archdiocese of Ohrid . The lack of Old Church Slavonic terms in Albanian Christian terminology shows that the missionary activities during

2170-452: The 7th century BCE, but the most important of which are those from Latin (dated by De Vaan to the period 167 BCE to 400 CE) and from Slavic (dated from 600 CE onward). The evidence from loanwords allows linguists to construct in great detail the shape of native words at the points of major influxes of loans from well-attested languages. In historical linguistics Proto-Albanian is broken up into different stages which are usually delimited by

Hotel Mediteran - Misplaced Pages Continue

2240-524: The 7th century BCE, when the Greek colonies were founded on the Adriatic coast of Albania. In that period early loanwords were borrowed from Doric Greek (West Greek), either directly from the colonists or indirectly through trade communication in the hinterland. During the 5th–4th centuries BCE Proto-Albanian directly loaned words from Ancient Macedonian , at a time when this language gained prominence in

2310-759: The 8th–9th centuries, at the time of the Byzantine Iconoclasm , which was started by the Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian . In 726 Leo III established de jure the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople over the Balkans, as the Church and the State established an institution. The Eastern Church expanded its influence in the area along with the social and political developments. Between

2380-520: The Albanians had already been completed and it had apparently developed for Albanians as a further identity-forming feature alongside the ethnic-linguistic unity. Church administration, which was controlled by a thick network of Roman bishoprics, collapsed with the arrival of the Slavs. Between the early 7th century and the late 9th century the interior areas of the Balkans were deprived of church administration, and Christianity might have survived only as

2450-411: The Ottoman Empire initially refused to recognize the treaty's provisions regarding Dulcigno. The Ottoman garrison in the town had been in place since the 16th century, but Montenegro claimed that the town and its surrounding territory were historically part of its territory. In May 1880, the Great Powers (Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Russia) protested diplomatically and organized

2520-540: The Ottoman Empire were redrawn, with Plav and Gusinje being ceded to Montenegro. But Muslim Albanian resistance prevented the Montenegrins from taking over Plav and Gusinje, so the Great Powers in 1880 decided to reverse the territorial transfer and offered Ulcinj, then also known as Dulcigno, to Montenegro as compensation. This led to a dispute between the Ottoman Empire and the Principality of Montenegro as

2590-603: The Roman Empire after the 3rd century CE, the Imperial structures progressively weakened and eventually collapsed. Proto-Albanian and Proto-Romanian speakers remained in close contact for a substantial time frame as mountain pastoralists . The fact that the Albanian language reflects a clear pastoralist stage does not allow conclusions about the Proto-Albanian speakers' way of life during classical antiquity, as only

2660-505: The Romans ( Livy 45:26:2). Under Roman rule the town received the status of oppidum civium Romanorum (settlement of Roman citizens), only to be later granted municipium (independent town) status. The Periplus Maris Erythraei names several Indian ports from where large ships sailed in an easterly direction to Khruse (Kruče - seaside village in Ulcinj). From circa 820, the city

2730-549: The Tosk Albanian dialect is considered to have received the first impetus of developments that were shared with Eastern Romance and that did not affect the Gheg Albanian dialect as it had already separated in earlier times. After a period of common innovations, but before the rise of the rhotacism n > r (which preceded contacts with Slavic from c. 600 CE), speakers of Eastern Romance varieties that were not yet affected by this fundamental sound change separated from

2800-734: The Tosk Albanian–Common Romanian contact zone. In a period that followed the rise of those innovations, Tosk Albanian is considered to have moved – driven by the offensive of the Slavs – to Albania south of the Shkumbin river in its historically documented location. At the time of the South Slavic incursion and the threat of ethnic turbulence in the Albanian-inhabited regions, the Christianization of

2870-597: The basic Christian terms are of Latin origin, and since they entered Proto-Albanian before the Gheg–Tosk dialectal diversification, the Proto-Albanian speakers were christianized under the Latin sphere of influence, specifically in the 4th century CE. Historical linguistic considerations indicate that the Roman province of Moesia Superior , and more specifically the ancient region of Dardania and adjacent zones, constitute

Hotel Mediteran - Misplaced Pages Continue

2940-399: The basis of shared features and innovations, are grouped together in a common branch in the current phylogenetic classification of the Indo-European language family. The precursor of Albanian can be considered a completely formed independent IE language since at least the first millennium BCE, with the beginning of the early Proto-Albanian phase. Proto-Albanian is reconstructed by way of

3010-421: The best candidate for the area where Proto-Albanian received its major Latin influence, and where intensive contacts between Proto-Albanian and Proto-Romance occurred, eventually producing the shared innovations between Tosk Albanian and (Proto-)Romanian . Those innovations ultimately prompted the rise of Tosk from Proto-Albanian, a diversification that began not later than the 6th–7th centuries CE (i.e. before

3080-492: The best possible conditions by the ethnic Albanian population of Ulcinj and the surrounding area. Ulcinj has a Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) in the Köppen climate classification . Winters are cool and very rainy, and summers are hot and humid with possible afternoon thunder showers. Unlike Podgorica which is located inland, temperatures rarely exceed 35 °C (95 °F) and seldom drop below 0 °C (32 °F). Ulcinj

3150-559: The catastrophic Montenegro earthquake on April 15, 1979, the city was severely damaged, but after only a few years, with the solidarity of the citizens of entire Yugoslavia, it was quickly renovated. Ulcinj at the end of the eighties had about 40 percent of the tourist turnover in Montenegro, while two-thirds of the guests were foreign, mostly German. During the Kosovo War , in 1998 and 1999, thousands of Kosovo Albanians flocked to Ulcinj and its surroundings, where they were welcomed in

3220-512: The city that are usually filled to capacity throughout the summer. The majority of tourists that visit Ulcinj are Albanians , Serbians, Croatians, Bosnians, Slovenians, Macedonians, Russians, Ukrainians, and other Europeans. Ulcinj's southern coast is well known for its active sports, recreation possibilities and hunting. Kitesurfing at Ada Bojana , all manner of water sports at Velika plaža , scuba diving among wrecks and sunken cities, mountain biking , hiking , orienteering , cycling through

3290-414: The fact that Latin and ancient Greek loanwords are treated like native words with regard to taxonomical differences between Gheg and Tosk, but the same is not true of Slavic loans. Armenian Greek Phrygian (extinct) Messapic (extinct) Gheg Tosk Albanoid and other Paleo-Balkan languages had their formative core in the Balkans after the Indo-European migrations in

3360-467: The first years of the common era when the Western Balkans were eventually incorporated into the Roman Empire . Common Albanian or its two dialects, Proto-Gheg and Proto-Tosk, experienced the earliest contacts with South Slavic languages since the Slavic migrations to the Balkans in the 6th–7th centuries CE. The rise of Tosk from Proto-Albanian was prompted before Slavic contacts circa 600 CE, as evidenced by

3430-774: The language of the Albanians who had taken refuge in the mountainous areas of present-day northern and central Albania , eastern Montenegro , western North Macedonia , and Kosovo , managed to survive the Great Migrations. Leading a pastoral lifestyle and although separated from Slavic-speakers, Albanian-speakers were not isolated, and contacts between Albanian and Slavic occurred thereafter. In particular, Tosk Albanian came into contact with Eastern South Slavic dialects, and Gheg Albanian with Western South Slavic dialects. Early long-standing contacts between Slavic-speakers and Albanian-speakers might have been common in mountain passages and agriculture or fishing areas, such as

3500-462: The longest beach on the Montenegrin coast. There is a small pebble beach called Ladies Beach which folk tradition holds to have qualities conducive to fertility. There is also a beach called Mala Plaža ( Albanian : Plazhi i Vogël , lit.   'Small Beach') which is much smaller in size, but is located in the centre of town and very popular with visitors. "The Korzo", as it

3570-590: The major Latin influence in Proto-Albanian occurred since the first years of the common era, when the Western Balkans were eventually incorporated into the Roman Empire after the Great Illyrian Revolt of 6–9 CE ( Bellum Batonianum ). The Latin loanwords in Proto-Albanian were borrowed through the entire period of spoken Latin in the Western Balkans ( c.  167 BCE–400 CE ), reflecting different chronological layers and penetrating, without any restrictions, into virtually all semantic fields. Even

SECTION 50

#1732791462295

3640-564: The old Citadel. All through the pre-medieval period, Ulcinj was known as a pirate capital of the Adriatic Sea . This is also seen during the later period of Illyrian Kingdom . From 20 BC to around 300 AD, the inhabitants of Ulcinj were known to be very confrontational towards foreigners they were especially concerned by border disputes. In 168 BC, during the Third Illyrian War , Olcinium broke with Gentius and defected to

3710-681: The olive groves at Valdanos , long walks along the pristine beaches of the south coast of Montenegro, even deep sea fishing on the Adriatic, lake fishing at Lake Skadar , and river fishing in Ada Bojana , Due to the fact that the favorable habitat for wild life, has excellent conditions of hunting tourism. This place is the haven of ornithological (gourmand) hunting in Reč and Shenkol most common wildlife are woodcock , hare , wild boar , and ducks . List of sport clubs in Ulcinj: Ulcinj

3780-486: The onset of contact with different well-attested languages. Pre-Proto-Albanian is the early stage of the precursor of Albanian during the first millennium BCE, marked by contacts with Ancient Greek, but not yet by contacts with Latin. Proto-Albanian proper is dated to the period of contacts with Latin, starting from the 2nd century BCE after the Roman conquest of the Western Balkans, but the major Latin influence occurred since

3850-489: The other hand, the multi-layered Albanian dialects in western North Macedonia provide evidence that the area was inhabited by Albanian-speakers since antiquity. The historical geographic spread of the Albanian dialects as it appeared in medieval times is considered to have been shaped by the settlement of Slavic farmers from the 6th–7th centuries CE. During the centuries of the Great Migration Period in

3920-606: The period of contacts with Slavic). Gheg Albanian was already separated from the Albanian–(Proto-)Romanian contact zone at an earlier period. Toponymy provides evidence that Albanian was already spoken since late antiquity in northern and central Albania, but not yet in southern Albania (south of the Shkumbin river). Those considerations indicate that unlike Gheg, the Tosk dialect could not yet have already occupied its historical geographic distribution in late antiquity. On

3990-412: The property, in order to return it to its status as a popular destination resort on the Adriatic Coast . The Facility had been a resort and hospitality asset of Ulcinj-based hotel-tourist company, Ulcinjska Rivijera. According to the Purchase Agreement, BMG's required to invest no less than 6,150,000.00 Euros in the renovation of the Property, within a three-year period. BMG purchased the property through

4060-472: The region about 3000 to 2500 BCE. They replaced the pre-Indo-European languages , which left traces of the Mediterranean-Balkan substratum. Shortly after they had diverged from one another, Pre-Albanian, Pre-Greek, and Pre-Armenian underwent a longer period of contact, as shown by common correspondences that are irregular for other IE languages. Furthermore, intense Greek–Albanian contacts have continued thereafter. The precursor of Albanian can be considered

4130-405: The region and was not yet replaced by Koine Greek . Several Proto-Albanian terms have been preserved in the lexicon of Hesychius of Alexandria and other ancient glossaries. Some of the Proto-Albanian glosses in Hesychius are considered to have been loaned to the Dorik Greek as early as the 7th century BCE. Evidence of a significant level of early linguistic contact between Albanian and Greek

4200-447: The region. In 1183, Serbian Prince Stefan Nemanja conquered Olcinium and the town prospered as one of the most significant coastal towns. Ulcinj remained in Nemanjić hands in their Kingdom and Empire , and after the death of Emperor Dušan (r. 1331-1355†), the region, known as Lower Zeta , was under the supervision of gospodin Žarko , a voivode of Emperor Uroš the Weak until his death in 1360. Žarko's lands were then held by

4270-405: The speech of the mountain pastoralists managed to survive the Great Migrations. It has been suggested that the Latin influence on Albanian resulted from a urbanized way of life, which was followed by a flight from towns similar to what occurred to the Eastern-Romance speakers. Nevertheless, the extensive influence of the Albanian language on the pastoral vocabulary and its influence, albeit lower, on

SECTION 60

#1732791462295

4340-416: The toponyms of early Slavic origin were acquired in Albanian before undergoing the changes of the Slavic liquid metathesis (before c. end of the 8th century CE). They include Ardenicë (Lushnjë), Berzanë (Lezhë), Gërdec and Berzi (Tiranë) and a cluster of toponyms along the route Berat-Tepelenë-Përmet. The evolution of the ancient toponym Lychnidus into Oh(ë)r(id) ( city and lake ), which

4410-463: The town twice, in 1696 and 1718 , but were unsuccessful on both occasions. During the 19th century, the town began to regain its position as a flourishing port. The geographer Antonio Baldacci reported a merchant marine of 500 ships plying the trade routes between the Adriatic and Mediterranean coasts. In 1867, Ulcinj became a kaza of the İşkodra sanjak of Rumeli veyalet. After the Congress of Berlin in 1878, borders between Montenegro and

4480-411: The valleys of the White and Black branches of the Drin and around the Shkodër and Ohrid lakes. Such contacts in these areas caused many changes in Slavic and Albanian local varieties. As Albanian and South Slavic have been in contact since the early Middle Ages, loanwords in both belong to different chronological strata and reveal different periods of acquisition. The earliest phase of contacts

4550-458: The year. Many tourists traveling to Ulcinj from abroad arrive to the city from the airport in Tivat due to its recent renovations and general ease of navigation. There are also intercity buses that connect to other towns in the country and buses that go to Serbia , Albania , Kosovo , North Macedonia , Greece , and Germany (during tourist seasons) as well Flixbus operates in this area connecting to Banja Luka (Bosnia) and Dubrovnik . Ulcinj

4620-409: Was a part of the Byzantine Empire and Serbian Kingdom in the Middle Ages until the Republic of Venice captured it in 1405. It was known as a base for piracy . In 1571, Ulcinj was conquered by the Ottoman Empire with the aid of North African corsairs after the Battle of Lepanto . The town gradually became a Muslim-majority settlement. Under the Ottomans, numerous hammams and mosques , and

4690-416: Was absorbed into the Kingdom of Serbia for a short time before all would be incorporated into the first of the Yugoslav federations at the end of the year. Ulcinj remained within a Montenegrin entity whilst a South Slavic state had existed until 2006 when which it became part of an independent Montenegro following a referendum. During the 20th century, Ulcinj survived heavy declines and new ascents. Ulcinj

4760-507: Was bombarded by Allied forces, with over 46 people killed and many more injured. The Yugoslav Partisans took Ulcinj on November 26, 1944, and the city become part of Socialist Yugoslavia . The 1950s and 1960s marked the greatest period of economic development for Ulcinj, with the construction of a range of modern hotels in the city and the Great Plain, as well as major economic collectives (NHT "Riviera of Ulcinj", "Agroulqini", Primary Building Company, "Otrantkomerc", "Ultep" and others). In

4830-412: Was the second biggest town of Montenegro when it joined the kingdom in 1880. In just three decades, it slid back to 6th place for economic development and number of inhabitants (after Podgorica, Niksic, Cetinje, Tivar and Plava). During World War I Ulcinj was conquered by Austria-Hungary in 1916 and Italy on November 4, 1918, and since 1920 it was part of the Serbo-Croatian-Slovenian Kingdom, later known as

4900-412: Was the see of a Diocese of Ulcinj , which was only suppressed in 1532, and would be revived as a Latin titular bishopric . In the 9th century, it was in the Dyrrhachium theme , a military governorate of the Byzantine Empire . In 1010, Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria (r. 997-1014†) failed to conquer the town during the war against the Byzantines . By 1040, archon Stefan Vojislav of Duklja conquered

#294705