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73-491: The song became commercially successful when it debuted at the top of the Billboard Latin Songs chart, the first number-one debut for Estefan and the first single by a female performer to start at this position. "Hotel Nacional" has been widely remixed by several DJs including Pablo Flores , Ralphi Rosario , Mike Cruz, Funk3d among others. Cuban-American singer Gloria Estefan announced her retirement from

146-678: A tremendous crash in late 1983. For the next three years, the video game market practically ceased to exist in the US. But in the second half of the decade, it would be revived by Nintendo , whose Famicom console and mascot Mario had been enjoying considerable success in Japan since 1983. Renamed the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), it would claim 90% of the American video game market by 1989. The 1980s are considered to be

219-547: A distinct production aesthetic that included synthesizer sounds, drum machines and drum reverb. Duran Duran , the biggest band of the 1980s, created a teen frenzy similar to that of The Beatles during the first British Invasion of the 1960s. In 1982, they released their world famous, omnipresent Rio which ignited a global craze. The album's catchy first single, " Hungry Like the Wolf ", reached number 1 in Canada, number 3 in

292-472: A faulty O-ring on the right solid rocket booster allowed hot gases to burn through the external fuel tank and cause it to explode, destroying the shuttle in the process. Extensive efforts were made to improve NASA 's increasingly careless management practices, and to make the shuttle safer. Flights resumed with the launch of Discovery in September 1988. The Soviet program with cosmonauts went well during

365-423: A new generation of fans. The 1980s were also known for song parodies becoming more mainstream, a trend led by parodic musician "Weird Al" Yankovic . He was best known for his Michael Jackson parodies " Eat It " and " Fat " as well as other parodies like " Another One Rides The Bus " (parody of " Another One Bites The Dust " by Queen ). By 1989, the hip hop scene had evolved, gaining recognition and exhibiting

438-524: A pair of female twins, were created in a laboratory in late 1989 and born in July 1990 after being sex-selected via the controversial assisted reproductive technology procedure preimplantation genetic diagnosis . Gestational surrogacy was first performed in 1985 with the first birth in 1986, making it possible for a woman to become a biological mother without experiencing pregnancy for the first time in history. The global internet took shape in academia by

511-475: A stronger influence on the music industry. This time period is also considered part of the golden age of hip hop. The Beastie Boys , Public Enemy , Run-D.M.C. , Grandmaster Flash , the Furious Five , Boogie Down Productions , N.W.A , LL Cool J , De La Soul , A Tribe Called Quest , EPMD , Eric B. & Rakim , Ice-T , DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince , 2 Live Crew , Tone Lōc , Biz Markie ,

584-441: A worldwide move away from planned economies and towards laissez-faire capitalism compared to the 1970s . As economic deconstruction increased in the developed world, multiple multinational corporations associated with the manufacturing industry relocated into Thailand , Mexico , South Korea , Taiwan , and China . Japan and West Germany saw large economic growth during this decade. The AIDS epidemic became recognized in

657-625: Is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesday. Each chart is post-dated with the "week-ending" issue date four days after the charts are refreshed online (i.e., the following Saturday). For example: The methods and policies by which this data is obtained and compiled have changed many times throughout the chart's history. Since October 11, 2012, the Billboard Hot Latin Songs tracks paid digital downloads and streaming activity. Billboard initially started tracking downloads since January 10, 2010, with

730-649: The Mega Man series would become major hits for the console. The personal computer experienced explosive growth in the 1980s, transitioning from a hobbyist's toy to a full-fledged consumer product. The IBM PC, launched in 1981, became the dominant computer for professional users. Commodore created the most popular home computers of both 8-bit and 16-bit generations. MSX standard was the dominant computer platform in Japan and in most parts of Asia . Apple Computer superseded its Apple II and Lisa models by introducing

803-1159: The Angolan Civil War , the Ethiopian Civil War , the Moro conflict , the Salvadoran Civil War , the Ugandan Bush War , the insurgency in Laos , the Iran–Iraq War , the Soviet–Afghan War , the 1982 Lebanon War , the Falklands War , the Second Sudanese Civil War , the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency , and the First Nagorno-Karabakh War . Islamism became a powerful political force in

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876-622: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank . Ethiopia witnessed widespread famine in the mid-1980s during the corrupt rule of Mengistu Haile Mariam , resulting in the country having to depend on foreign aid to provide food to its population and worldwide efforts to address and raise money to help Ethiopians, such as the Live Aid concert in 1985. Major civil discontent and violence occurred, including

949-742: The Internet and the World Wide Web finally became popular in the mid-1990s. American interplanetary probes continued in the 1980s, the Voyager duo being the most known. After making a flyby of Jupiter in 1979, they went near Saturn in 1980–1981. Voyager 2 reached Uranus in 1986 (just a few days before the Challenger disaster), and Neptune in 1989 before the probes exited the Solar System. No American probes were launched to Mars in

1022-477: The Jungle Brothers , The Sugar Hill Gang and others experienced success in this genre. Country music advanced into a new realm of popularity with youth appeal and record-breaking marks. Groundbreaking artists such as Alabama , Hank Williams Jr. , Reba McEntire , George Strait , Ricky Skaggs , Janie Fricke , The Judds , and Randy Travis achieved multiple platinum and award status, foreshadowing

1095-976: The Macintosh popularized the WIMP style of interaction. The most prominent armed conflicts of the decade include: The most notable wars of the decade include: The most notable internal conflicts of the decade include: The most notable terrorist attacks of the decade include: The most prominent coups d'état of the decade include: Africa Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include: The 1980s had many fundamental advances in medicine and biology. The first surrogate pregnancy of an unrelated child took place on April 13, 1986, in Michigan. The first genetically modified crops, tobacco ( Nicotiana ) plants were grown in China in 1988. Gene therapy techniques became established by

1168-583: The Space Shuttle Columbia in April 1981. The shuttle program progressed smoothly from there, with three more orbiters entering service in 1983–1985. But that all came to an end with the tragic loss of the Challenger ( STS-51-L ) on January 28, 1986, taking with it seven astronauts, including Christa McAuliffe , who was to have been the first teacher in space. In full view of the world,

1241-472: The World Wide Web by 1989. Television viewing became commonplace in the Third World , with the number of TV sets in China and India increasing by 15 and 10 times respectively. The Atari Video Computer System console became widespread in the first part of the decade, often simply called "Atari". 1980 Atari VCS port of Space Invaders was the first killer app . The video game crash of 1983 ended

1314-526: The "big-band sound loops" of house music in the late '80s on the track. The song debuted at the top of the Billboard Top Latin Songs chart dated on the week of January 14, 2012, becoming the fifteenth number-one song for Estefan, her number-one debut and debut at the top by a female performer. Estefan joined Juanes , Enrique Iglesias , Juan Gabriel , Maná , Ricky Martin , Romeo Santos , Marco Antonio Solís and Los Temerarios in

1387-423: The 1970s and 1990s, and arguably being the largest in human history. During the 1980s, the world population grew from 4.4 to 5.3 billion people. There were approximately 1.33 billion births and 480 million deaths. Population growth was particularly rapid in a number of African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian countries during this decade, with rates of natural increase close to or exceeding 4% annually. The 1980s saw

1460-464: The 1980s and has since killed an estimated 40.4 million people (as of 2022 ). Global warming theory began to spread within the scientific and political community in the 1980s. The United Kingdom and the United States moved closer to supply-side economic policies , beginning a trend towards global instability of international trade that would pick up more steam in the following decade as

1533-616: The 1980s and many jihadist organizations, including Al Qaeda , were set up. By 1986, nationalism was making a comeback in the Eastern Bloc, and the desire for democracy in socialist states , combined with economic recession, resulted in Mikhail Gorbachev 's glasnost and perestroika , which reduced Communist Party power, legalized dissent and sanctioned limited forms of capitalism such as joint ventures with companies from capitalist countries. After tension for most of

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1606-479: The 1980s in a thoroughly grim situation, faced with poor quality control, rising import competition, and a severe economic downturn. Chrysler and American Motors (AMC) were near bankruptcy, and Ford was little better off. Only General Motors (GM) continued with business as usual. But the auto makers recovered with the economy by 1983, and in 1985 auto sales in the United States hit a new record. However,

1679-451: The 1980s, and the Viking probes, launched there in 1975, completed their operations by 1982. The Soviets launched two Mars probes in 1988, but they failed. The arrival of Halley's Comet in 1986 was met by a series of Soviet, Japanese and European Space Agency (ESA) probes, namely Halley Armada . After a six-year hiatus, American space flights with astronauts resumed with the launch of

1752-487: The American market. As the decade progressed, cars became smaller and more efficient in design. In 1983, Ford design teams began to incorporate aerodynamic styling to decrease drag while in motion. The Thunderbird was one of the first cars to receive these design changes. In 1985, Ford released the Taurus with a design that was revolutionary among domestic mass market automobiles. GM began suffering significant losses in

1825-593: The Billboard Hot 100. It reached the top 10 in Sweden, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, New Zealand and the Netherlands. In Italy it went to number 1 for 4 consecutive weeks, becoming one of the best-selling singles of 1986 in the country. Their massive appeal was widespread on a worldwide scale in music, video and fashion. Their influence was so intense that they helped shape how music was defined throughout

1898-636: The Hot Latin 50. During the late 1980s , musical data was compiled by the Billboard magazine-affiliated chart and research department, with information from 70 Spanish-language radio stations in the United States and Puerto Rico. Those radio stations were selected based on their number of listeners, being asked to report their playlists for the week. Since 1994, this data has been compiled by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems (BDS), which electronically monitors radio stations in more than 120 music markets across

1971-485: The Hot Latin Songs chart was " La Guirnalda " by Rocío Dúrcal on September 6, 1986. As of the issue dated November 30, 2024, the chart has had 464 different number one hits, while 192 artists have reached number one (as a lead or a featured act). The current number-one song on the chart is " Tu Boda " by Óscar Maydon and Fuerza Regida . On September 6, 1986, Billboard premiered a Latin music singles chart,

2044-669: The Hot Latin Songs chart, namely Latin Pop Airplay , Regional Mexican Airplay , and Latin Tropical Airplay . A fourth sub-chart, the Latin Rhythm Airplay chart, was established in 2005 in response to the growing popularity of Latin hip hop , urbano and reggaetón music. According to the Billboard electronic database, the first number one song on the Hot Latin 50 was " La Guirnalda ", by Spanish singer Rocío Dúrcal , on September 6, 1986. However, in

2117-560: The Japanese were now a major presence, and would begin manufacturing cars in the US to get around tariffs. In 1986, Hyundai became the first Korean auto maker to enter the American market. In the same year, the Yugoslavian-built Yugo was brought to the US, but the car was so small and cheap, that it became the subject of jokes. It was sold up to 1991, when economic sanctions against Yugoslavia forced its withdrawal from

2190-690: The Latin Digital Songs chart. However, these downloads did not count towards Hot Latin Songs. In addition, Billboard imposed a linguistic requirement; a song must be predominantly sung in Spanish to be eligible to rank on the chart. A component Latin Streaming Songs chart was introduced on April 20, 2013, which ranks web radio streams from services such as Spotify , as well as on-demand audio titles. Billboard , in an effort to allow

2263-502: The Smartmodem. The Smartmodem paved the way for the modern modems that exist today, mainly because it was the first modem to transform what had previously required a two-stage process into a process involving only one stage. The Smartmodem contributed to the rise in popularity of BBS systems in the 1980s and early 1990s, which were the main way to connect to remote computers and perform various social and entertainment activities before

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2336-582: The United States for Latin songs , published weekly by Billboard magazine . Since October 2012, chart rankings are based on digital sales , radio airplay , and online streaming , and only predominantly Spanish-language songs are allowed to rank. The chart was established by the magazine on September 6, 1986, and was originally based on airplay on Latin music radio stations. Although the chart predominantly allows Spanish-language songs, songs in English and Portuguese have charted. The first number one song of

2409-691: The United States, number 4 in Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa and number 5 in the United Kingdom and Australia. It won a Grammy Award in 1984. The title track was another mega hit song that was issued worldwide in October 1982 and became a Top 10 hit in the UK singles chart. " The Reflex " became the band's most successful single, topping the UK chart on 5 May 1984. It was their second UK No. 1, after 1983's " Is There Something I Should Know? ". They were

2482-580: The United States. Before The Hot Latin Songs chart's inception, the Latin music information on the magazine was presented only in the form of the biweekly album sales chart, or Top Latin Albums , which continues to be listed separately. There were no language restrictions on the chart, since a few songs in English and Portuguese have charted (and even reached number one) on five occasions. Three genre-specific Latin "sub-charts" were introduced and were factored into

2555-572: The United States. The chart's previous methodology was formatted to the Latin Airplay chart with the Latin genre-charts now being component charts of the Latin Airplay chart. There are several component charts that contribute to the overall calculation of Hot Latin Songs. These are: The tracking week for sales and streaming begins on Friday and ends on Thursday, while the radio play tracking-week runs from Monday to Sunday. A new chart

2628-540: The advent of the ongoing practice of sex-selective abortion in China and India as ultrasound technology permitted parents to selectively abort baby girls. The 1980s saw great advances in genetic and digital technology. After years of animal experimentation since 1985, the first genetic modification of 10 adult human beings took place in May 1989, a gene tagging experiment which led to the first true gene therapy implementation in September 1990. The first " designer babies ",

2701-458: The album itself charted at number nine on the Billboard 200 . His sixth studio album Purple Rain was an international success, boosting Prince to superstardom and selling over 25 million copies worldwide. The album produced the US number-one singles, " When Doves Cry " and " Let's Go Crazy " and sold 13 million copies in the U.S. as of 1996. Prince released an album every year for the rest of

2774-433: The album was released on the 25th anniversary of her single " Conga ", and with the album purchase a new version of the track, titled "Conga 25", can be downloaded. "Hotel Nacional" was described by Estefan as a "very woody, old fashioned sound, cause it's jitterbuggy ... It's got clarinets, it's got saxes, and a whole different vibe-it just sounds like you could be in the 20s but with hardcore dance", while commenting on

2847-546: The background of busy lives. — Robert Christgau in Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s (1990) Madonna and Whitney Houston were groundbreaking female artists of the decade. The keyboard synthesizer and drum machine were among the most popular instruments in music during the 1980s, especially in new wave music . After the 1980s, electronic instruments continued to be the main component of mainstream pop. Hard rock , heavy metal , and glam metal became some of

2920-472: The chart if ranking below number 10 after 26 weeks or below number five after 52 weeks. In 2016, for the 30th anniversary of Hot Latin Songs, Billboard magazine compiled a ranking of the 50 best-performing songs on the chart over the 30 years, along with the best-performing artists. Billboard has stated that "due to changes in chart methodology over the years, eras are weighted differently to account for chart turnover rates over various periods." The top 20

2993-413: The chart to remain as current as possible and to give proper representation to new and developing artists and tracks, has removed titles that have reached certain criteria regarding its current rank and number of weeks on the chart. A song is permanently moved to "recurrent status" if it has spent 20 weeks on Hot Latin Songs and fallen below position number 25. Additionally, descending songs are removed from

Hotel Nacional (song) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3066-401: The darlings of MTV and the center of female teen fan's attention. In that same year, the A View to a Kill theme song to the same-titled James Bond movie reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Notorious (Duran Duran song) was a massive commercial success internationally. It peaked at number 7 in the UK singles charts, and also performed extremely well in the US, reaching number 2 on

3139-406: The debut issue. Due to the increasing popularity of downloads sales and streaming data, Billboard updated the methodology for the Hot Latin Songs chart on October 11, 2012, to include digital sales and streaming activity in addition to airplay, as well as making only predominantly Spanish-language songs eligible for inclusion and increasing airplay data to more than 1,200 radio stations across

3212-574: The decade when video games achieved massive popularity. In 1980, Pac-Man was introduced to the arcades, and became one of the most popular video games of all time. Also in 1980, Game & Watch was created; it was not one of the most well known game systems, but it facilitated mini-games and was concurrent with the NES. Donkey Kong , released in 1981, was a smash arcade hit and market breakthrough for Nintendo . Super Mario Bros. , Super Mario Bros. 2 , Super Mario Bros. 3 , The Legend of Zelda , and

3285-450: The decade, all charting within the top ten, with the exception of Lovesexy . He went on to sell over 120 million records worldwide and win seven Grammy Awards . The '80s were above all a time of international corporatization ... [ Rock music ] was reconceived as intellectual property , as a form of capital itself... The '80s were when stars replaced artists as bearers of significance... The '80s took rock sexuality and rock sexism over

3358-734: The decade, by 1988 relations between the communist and capitalist blocs had improved significantly and the Soviet Union was increasingly unwilling to defend its governments in satellite states. 1989 brought the overthrow and attempted overthrow of a number of governments led by communist parties, such as in Hungary , the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 in China, the Czechoslovak "Velvet Revolution" , Erich Honecker 's East German regime, Poland's Soviet-backed government, and

3431-498: The decade, experiencing only minor setbacks. The Salyut 6 space station, launched in 1977, was replaced by Salyut 7 in 1982. Then came Mir in 1986, which ended up operating for more than a decade, and was destined to be the last in the line of Soviet space stations that had begun in 1971. One of the Soviet Union's last "superprojects" was the Buran space shuttle ; it was only used once, in 1988. The American auto industry began in

3504-719: The decade. They extensively toured the US, Canada, Australia, Europe, Mexico, South America, Japan and other parts of Asia. Highly stylized videos showcasing their other mega hit songs like, Planet Earth , New Moon on Monday , The Wild Boys , Save a Prayer and Notorious made Duran Duran a popular household name. Michael Jackson was one of the icons of the 1980s and his leather jacket , white glove , and Moonwalk dance were often imitated. Jackson's 1982 album Thriller became—and currently remains—the best-selling album of all time , with sales estimated by various sources as somewhere between 65 and 110 million copies worldwide. His 1987 album Bad sold over 45 million copies and became

3577-441: The development of Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), made it easier to integrate and synchronize synthesizers and other electronic instruments, like drum machines, for use in musical composition. High definition television (HDTV) of both the analog and digital variety were first developed in the 1980s though their use did not become widespread until the mid-2000s. In 1981, Hayes Microcomputer Products started selling

3650-466: The end of big-block engines, but performance cars and convertibles reemerged in the 1980s. Turbochargers were widely used to boost the performance of small cars, and technology from fuel injection began to take over from the widely used application of carburetors by the late 1980s. Front-wheel drive also became dominant. The 1980s marked the decline of European brands in North America by

3723-404: The end of the 1980s, allowing gene tagging and gene therapy to become a possibility, both of which were first performed in human beings in May 1989 and September 1990, respectively. Arcade and video games had been growing in popularity since the late 1970s, and by 1982 were a major industry. But a variety of factors, including a glut of low-quality games and the rise of home computers, caused

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3796-442: The end of the decade. Renault, Citroen , and Peugeot ceased importation by the end of the decade. Alfa Romeo would continue until 1993. Fiat also ceased imports to North America in the 1980s. In the United States, MTV was launched and music videos began to have a larger effect on the record industry. Pop artists/bands such as Duran Duran , Michael Jackson , Whitney Houston , Prince , Cyndi Lauper and Madonna mastered

3869-563: The fall of the USSR made right-wing economic policy more powerful. The final decade of the Cold War opened with the US-Soviet confrontation continuing largely without any interruption. Superpower tensions escalated rapidly as President Reagan scrapped the policy of détente and adopted a new, much more aggressive stance on the Soviet Union. The world came perilously close to nuclear war for

3942-458: The first Macintosh computer in 1984. It was the first commercially successful personal computer to use a graphical user interface (GUI) and mouse , which started to become general features in computers after the middle of the decade. Electronics and computers were also at the forefront of the advertising industry, with many commercials like "1984" from Apple achieving acclaim and pop-culture relevance. Walkman and boomboxes , invented during

4015-463: The first album to have five number-one singles chart on the Billboard Hot 100 . Jackson had the most number-one singles throughout the decade (9), and spent the most weeks at number one (27 weeks). His 1987 Bad World Tour grossed over $ 125 million worldwide, making it the highest grossing world tour by a solo artist during the decade. Jackson earned numerous awards and titles during the 1980s,

4088-472: The first time since the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, but the second half of the decade saw a dramatic easing of superpower tensions and ultimately the total collapse of Soviet communism. Developing countries across the world faced economic and social difficulties as they suffered from multiple debt crises in the 1980s, requiring many of these countries to apply for financial assistance from

4161-422: The format and helped turn this new product into a profitable business. New wave and synthpop were developed by many British and American artists, and became popular phenomena throughout the decade, especially in the early and mid-1980s. Music grew fragmented and combined into subgenres such as house, goth, and rap metal. The advent of numerous new technologies had a significant impact on 1980s music, and led to

4234-551: The group of performers that have debuted at the top of the chart at the time. With "Hotel Nacional" Estefan extends her record as the female performer with most number-one songs on the list and the third performer overall, only surpassed by Iglesias and Luis Miguel . Top Latin Songs The Billboard Hot Latin Songs (formerly Hot Latin Tracks and Hot Latin 50 ) is a record chart in

4307-466: The large world tours after the release of her studio album 90 Millas in 2007. Three years later American producer and performer Pharrell Williams presented Estefan with two songs, "I Can't Believe" and "Miss Little Havana", which the singer liked, and they began working on them in the recording studio while writing the rest of the songs included on Miss Little Havana . The album was recorded in English with some Spanish and French lyrics. Coincidentally,

4380-418: The late 1970s, became very popular as they were introduced to various countries in the early 1980s, and had a profound impact on the music industry and youth culture. Consumer VCRs and video rental stores became commonplace as VHS won out over the competing Betamax standard. In addition, in the early 1980s various companies began selling compact, modestly priced synthesizers to the public. This, along with

4453-542: The late 1980s, partially the result of chairman Roger Smith 's restructuring attempts, and partially because of increasingly dated cars. An example were customers who increasingly purchased European luxury cars rather than Cadillacs . In 1985, GM started Saturn (the first new American make since the Edsel), with the goal of producing high-quality import fighters. Production would not begin until 1990. Chrysler introduced its new compact, front-wheel drive K-cars in 1981. Under

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4526-472: The leadership of Lee Iacocca , the company turned a profit again the following year, and by 1983 paid off its government loans. A succession of models using this automobile platform followed. The most significant were the minivans in 1984. These proved a to be popular and they would dominate the van market for more than a decade. In 1987, Chrysler purchased the Italian makes of Lamborghini and Maserati . In

4599-448: The listings included in the first printed publication of the chart, on October 4, 1986, the first number-one song was " Yo No Sé Qué Me Pasó ", by Mexican singer-songwriter Juan Gabriel . In 2016, Billboard stated that the chart was introduced on the issue dated October 4, 1986, but the magazine's official website recognizes the previous issues from September 6, 1986, to September September 27, 1986, as well as Rocío Durcal's number one on

4672-635: The most dominant music genres of the decade, peaking with the arrival of such bands as Mötley Crüe , Guns N' Roses , Metallica , Iron Maiden , Bon Jovi , Def Leppard , Poison , Europe , Megadeth , Slayer , Sepultura , Exodus , Anthrax , Overkill , Testament , Pantera (then-a glam metal band) and virtuoso guitarists such as Joe Satriani and Yngwie Malmsteen . The scene also helped 1970s hard rock artists such as AC/DC , Heart , Ozzy Osbourne , Black Sabbath , Aerosmith , Alice Cooper , Blue Öyster Cult , Deep Purple , Queen , Van Halen , KISS , Ronnie James Dio , Rush and Judas Priest reach

4745-542: The most notable of which were a record eight Grammy Awards and eight American Music Awards in 1984, and the honor of "Artist of the Decade" by U.S. President George H.W. Bush. Jackson was arguably the biggest star during this time, and would eventually sell more than one billion records around the world. Prince was a popular star of the 1980s and the most successful chart act of the decade. His breakthrough album 1999 , released in 1982, produced three top-ten hits and

4818-521: The same year, Chrysler bought AMC from Renault laying to rest the last significant independent U.S. automaker, but acquiring the hugely profitable Jeep line and continuing the Eagle brand until the late 1990s. The DMC DeLorean was the brainchild of John DeLorean , a flamboyant former GM executive. Production of the gull-winged sports car began in Northern Ireland in 1981. John DeLorean

4891-541: The second half of the 1980s, as well as many other computer networks of both academic and commercial use such as USENET , Fidonet , and the Bulletin Board System . By 1989, the Internet and the networks linked to it were a global system with extensive transoceanic satellite links and nodes in most developed countries . Based on earlier work, from 1980 onwards Tim Berners-Lee formalized the concept of

4964-435: The system's popularity and decimated the industry until the Nintendo Entertainment System re-established the console market in North America. The hand-held Game Boy launched in 1989. Super Mario Bros. and Tetris were the decade's best selling games. Pac-Man was the highest grossing arcade game. Home computers became commonplace. The 1981 IBM PC led to a large market for IBM PC compatibles . The 1984 release of

5037-451: The top... The '80s were a time of renewed racial turmoil after ten-plus years of polite resegregation... Technology changed everything in the '80s. Cable brought us MTV and the triumph of the image. Synthesizers inflected the sounds that remained. Sampling revolutionized rock and roll's proprietary relationship to its own history. Cassettes made private music portable—and public. Compact discs inflated profitability as they faded into

5110-420: The tracks included her album on Billboard . On the review for Miss Little Havana , Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic related the lyrics "cuchi cuchi" to Spanish performer Charo . Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine noted that the track "undercuts its pitched beat with wonky Dixieland clarinet riffs." On the review of the parent album by Soul Bounce , they commended the way producer Motiff reinterprets

5183-677: The violent overthrow of the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime in Romania . Destruction of the 155-km Berlin Wall , at the end of the decade, signaled a seismic geopolitical shift. The Cold War ended in the early 1990s with the successful Reunification of Germany and the USSR's demise after the August Coup of 1991. The 1980s was an era of tremendous population growth around the world, surpassing

5256-618: Was arrested in October 1982 in a sting operation where he was attempting to sell cocaine to save his struggling company. He was acquitted of all charges in 1984, but too late for the DeLorean Motor Company , which closed down in 1983. The DeLorean gained renewed fame afterward as the time machine in the Back to the Future film trilogy . The imposition of corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) fuel-mileage standards in 1979 spelled

5329-480: Was updated in 2018, while the most current update of the list was published in September 2021. 1980s The 1980s (pronounced "nineteen-eighties", shortened to " the '80s " or " the Eighties ") was the decade that began on January 1, 1980, and ended on December 31, 1989. The decade saw a dominance of conservatism and free market economics, and a socioeconomic change due to advances in technology and

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