54-504: Hove War Memorial is a First World War memorial designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and located on Grand Avenue in Hove , part of the city of Brighton and Hove , on the south coast of England. Hove was the site of one of the earliest recruiting events at the beginning of the war and later of several military hospitals. Over 600 men from the town were killed during the war, a quarter of them from
108-890: A natural gas leak caused an explosion and destroyed the school. In Asia, the Cenotaph in Central District of Hong Kong Island , cenotaphs in Kuala Lumpur , George Town , Ipoh , Seremban and Jesselton in Malaysia , the Cenotaph in Singapore , the Cenotaph in Colombo and the stone Cenotaph in the new Allenby Square , Romema , Jerusalem –were erected as memorials to the war dead of World War I. Various cenotaphs in Asia have also been erected to commemorate
162-560: A basic element of Hindu architecture, later used by Moghuls as seen in most of the mausoleums of Mughal Emperors which have two burial chambers, the upper one with a cenotaph, as in Humayun's Tomb, Delhi , or the Taj Mahal , Agra , while the real tomb often lies exactly below it, or further removed. The term chhatri , used for these canopylike structures, comes from Hindustani word literally meaning umbrella, and are found throughout
216-419: A bronze statue of Saint George atop a stone column. The statue wears Renaissance -style armour and holds a sword by the blade below the hilt in his right hand, and a shield in his left. The figure was a modified version of a generic design from Sir George Frampton 's studio, though there is no evidence that the sculptor was personally involved. Saint George stands on a plinth at the top of a Tuscan column. At
270-469: A modern addition. The main inscription is on the north face: IN EVER GLORIOUS MEMORY OF HOVE CITIZENS WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES FOR THEIR COUNTRY IN THE GREAT WAR AND WORLD WAR The dates of the wars are inscribed above the dedication. The south face bears the phrase " Their name liveth for evermore ", a biblical quote (from Ecclesiasticus chapter 44, verse 14) suggested to Lutyens by Rudyard Kipling and which appears on many of Lutyens' memorials. The dates of
324-644: A near-identical design for Fordham War Memorial in Cambridgeshire , unveiled the same year as Hove's. All bear some resemblance to the statues of David by the Renaissance sculptor Donatello . Saint George was traditionally used to embody traditions of bravery, chivalry, and honour, which were also applied to Britain's war dead. A Guide to the Buildings of Brighton calls the memorial an "elegant and restrained homage to citizens of Hove who died during
378-512: A site in the middle of the road, near its northern end and parallel to the statue of Queen Victoria at the southern end. Lutyens designed dozens of war memorials across England, though Hove's was his only one in Sussex. Many war memorials were delayed by local disagreements or fundraising problems, but Hove's proceeded relatively smoothly once the design was agreed. The project was among the first of Lutyens' to be completed. The memorial consists of
432-542: A sword by the blade in one hand and a shield in the other. The same statue, with variations, appears on several of Frampton's other monuments, including Fordham War Memorial in Cambridgeshire, also by Lutyens. The base contains several dedicatory inscriptions but no names, which are instead recorded on plaques in the town's library. The memorial was unveiled on 27 February 1921 by Lord Leconfield ; Lutyens, in India,
486-594: A witty mind ...". A cenotaph in the UK that stands in Whitehall , London, was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and replaced Lutyens' identical wood-and-plaster cenotaph erected in 1919 for the Allied Victory Parade, and is a Grade I listed building . It is undecorated save for a carved wreath on each end and the words "The Glorious Dead", chosen by Lloyd George . It was intended to commemorate specifically
540-459: A wreath in dedication to the fallen. The Cenotaph in Belfast , Northern Ireland, is located in the grounds of Belfast City Hall and is set within a Garden of Remembrance . It is about 9.5 metres (31 ft) high and presents several carvings including laurel wreaths, symbolising victory and honour. The Cenotaph is the site of the annual Northern Ireland memorial held on Remembrance Sunday ,
594-583: Is a complex consisting of a cenotaph with a tower as a secular monument and the Sacré-Cœur church as a religious building. Numerous monuments donated by Allied nations are displayed in the tower and on the adjoining esplanade. In the Museum of Aquitaine , in Bordeaux , is the cenotaph of Michel de Montaigne , a French Renaissance writer and philosopher. The tomb was sculpted in 1593 , a year after his death on
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#1732779956119648-448: Is an empty tomb or a monument erected in honour of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere or have been lost. It can also be the initial tomb for a person who has since been reinterred elsewhere. Although the majority of cenotaphs honour individuals, many noted cenotaphs are also dedicated to the memories of groups of individuals, such as the lost soldiers of a country or of an empire. "Cenotaph" means "empty tomb" and
702-581: Is derived from the Greek κενοτάφιον , kenotaphion , a compound word that is created from the morphological combination of two root words: Cenotaphs were common in the ancient world. Many were built in Ancient Egypt , Ancient Greece and across Northern Europe (in the shape of Neolithic barrows ). The cenotaph in Whitehall , London, designed in 1919 by Sir Edwin Lutyens , influenced
756-490: Is located at Arlington National Cemetery . In Inishmore , one of the Aran Islands of Ireland , drowning was formerly such a common cause of death for island fishermen that each family had a memorial to those lost at sea known as leachtaí cuimhneacháin (memorial cairns). Most were erected in the 19th century, although some date back to the eighteenth. A modern memorial was erected in 1997. In India, cenotaphs are
810-644: Is often described as a cenotaph. The Battle Monument in Baltimore, Maryland commemorates the Battle of Baltimore , the Battle of North Point on 12 September 1814, the Bombardment of Fort McHenry on 13–14 September, and the stand-off on Loudenschlager's Hill (now Hampstead Hill in Patterson Park ). It has an Egyptian Revival cenotaph base, surmounted by a fasces bound together with ribbons bearing
864-789: The Dunedin Cenotaph , the Wellington Cenotaph and the Auckland War Memorial Museum Cenotaph (a copy of the Whitehall Cenotaph). Although most notable cenotaphs commemorate notable individuals buried elsewhere, many cenotaphs pay tribute to people whose remains have never been located, particularly those lost at sea. Some such cenotaphs are dedicated to victims of the RMS Titanic whose bodies were not recovered after
918-594: The Manila North Cemetery in honour of the 24 Scouts who died in a plane crash en route to the 11th World Scout Jamboree . A cenotaph at Khejarli , Rajasthan, India, memorializes the 363 Bishnoi martyrs who were massacred in 1730 while defending their local khejri trees. In Kocaeli Province of Turkey there is a monumental cenotaph to memorialize the Carthaginian general and statesman Hannibal . Ottoman -ruled Jerusalem surrendered to
972-726: The Medal of Honor . Maya Lin 's Memorial Wall in the Vietnam Veterans Memorial , inscribed with the names of the approximately 58 thousand service members who died in the Vietnam War , is one of the most visited monuments in Washington D.C. In New London, Texas , a cenotaph stands dedicated to the more than 300 students and teachers killed in the New London School explosion on March 18, 1937, when
1026-876: The Victory Square Cenotaph , in Vancouver , British Columbia. In the Falkland Islands , there are several war memorials to commemorate those killed in the Falklands War in 1982. The main memorial for Falkland Islanders is the 1982 Liberation Memorial , a cenotaph erected in Stanley in 1984 which lists all the British Army regiments, RAF squadrons, Royal Navy vessels and the Royal Marine formations and units that took part in
1080-797: The centenary of the First World War , Lutyens' war memorials were recognised as a national collection and all of his free-standing memorials in England, including Hove's, were listed or had their list entries updated with new research. World War I memorials Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 212329182 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:45:56 GMT Cenotaph A cenotaph
1134-628: The chhatri is painted in the same manner as the haveli . Cenotaphs have also been the subject of a number of illustrations including: In the Internet age, virtual cenotaphs are common in the game World of Warcraft , as well as in The Elder Scrolls series games though modding add-ons. They have also been created in the augmented reality game Ingress in honour of the slain MIT police officer Sean Collier and in memory of
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#17327799561191188-707: The Argentinian soldiers who died during the Falklands War , in 1982. The monument consists of a series of plaques of black marble with the names of the fallen, surrounding a flame, and during the day is guarded by two soldiers. Another cenotaph, which is a replica of the Argentine Military Cemetery in Darwin on the Falkland Islands , exists in Campo de Mayo , a large Army facility and training field just outside Buenos Aires. A limestone replica of
1242-690: The British Egyptian Expeditionary Force under General Edmund Allenby during the Battle of Jerusalem in December 1917 during World War I . A cenotaph was erected in 1920 at the historical site of the surrender, later to be named Allenby Square . The inscription dedicates it to the fallen of the 60th London Division . The Interallied Memorial of Cointe, commissioned by FIDAC (The Interallied Federation of War Veterans Organisations) and built after World War I in Liège ,
1296-889: The Cenotaph at Whitehall in London was erected outside the Cabinet Building in Hamilton, Bermuda (with the cornerstone laid in 1920, and the completed monument unveiled in 1925). In Canada, major cenotaphs commemorating the nation's war dead in World War I and later conflicts include the National War Memorial (a cenotaph surmounted by a bronze sculpture entitled "The Response") in Ottawa ; Montreal , Toronto , Hamilton , Victoria , St. John's , Halifax , and
1350-576: The First World War" and Historic England describes it as "an eloquent witness to the tragic impacts of world events on this community". Alasdair Glass, in an article for the Regency Society of Brighton and Hove, compared it unfavourably to the nearby Lewes War Memorial . Glass described the column as "unimpressive" and "diminished by its setting in the yawning void of Grand Avenue" and the statue as "formulaic and lacking originality" given its similarity to other works by Frampton. Glass also criticised
1404-567: The First World War. The establishment grew in importance as war loomed and the Royal Navy's 1st Battle Squadron visited the town in July 1914 at the invitation of the mayor. Hove Town Hall was the scene of one of the first large-scale recruitment events the following month, following Britain's declaration of war on Germany and the subsequent drive to expand the armed forces. Long lines of men from Hove, Portslade , and surrounding areas marched to
1458-610: The First and Second World Wars are inscribed in Roman numerals on each face higher on the plinth: "MCMXIV TO MCMXIX" (1914–1919) on the north and south faces and "MCMXXXIX TO MCMXLV" (1939–1945) on the east and west. The inscriptions relating to the Second World War were added after that conflict. No names are listed on the memorial. Instead, 631 names were embossed on a series of brass plaques, which were framed in oak and mounted in
1512-754: The Great War 1914–18. It was unveiled by Prince Arthur of Connaught on 1 August 1923. There is also a cenotaph in Lusaka at Embassy Park, opposite the Cabinet Office along Independence Avenue, and commemorates those Zambians who fought and died in World Wars I & II. The cenotaph was commemorated in 1977. A monument which has come to be known to as the "Cenotaph" was erected in Plaza San Martín , in downtown Buenos Aires , to commemorate
1566-642: The Navigator . The Basilica di Santa Croce in Florence , Italy , contains a number of cenotaphs, including one for Dante Alighieri , who is buried in Ravenna . Durban has a striking and unusual cenotaph made of granite and lavishly decorated with brightly coloured ceramics. Gqeberha (its former name Port Elizabeth ) has a cenotaph. Located on the edge of St George's Park in Rink Street, it
1620-415: The bottom of the column is a two-staged square dado (the middle section), which contains the inscriptions, and below that is a base of two square stone blocks. The whole memorial stands on three shallow stone steps, taking the memorial to a total height of 10 metres (33 feet). At the corners of the bottom step are low stone bollards, part of the original design; next to these are metal lamp pillars, which are
1674-768: The closest Sunday to 11 November ( Armistice Day ). In Australia, Anzac Day commemorations are usually held at all of the nation's many war memorials , but not all of them are cenotaphs. Cenotaphs include the Hobart Cenotaph , the Sydney Cenotaph and the obelisk within the State War Memorial in Kings Park , Perth, Western Australia. Anzac Day commemorations in New Zealand are also usually held at local war memorials. Cenotaphs include
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1728-418: The community for a functional memorial, such as a meeting hall—which would be of benefit to the living—rather than a decorative monument. By May, the committee had decided to allocate a minority of its funds to a decorative memorial, the rest to be used for practical purposes such as grants for war widows and orphans. They chose Lutyens to design the monument, desiring an eminent architect. Lutyens' first proposal
1782-747: The conflict. The names of the 255 British military personnel who died during the war are listed on ten plaques behind the Memorial, divided into the service branches. Services are held at the Memorial each year on 14 June ( Liberation Day ) and on Remembrance Sunday , with wreaths being laid at the foot of the Memorial. In the United States , a cenotaph in Yale University 's Hewitt Quad (or Beinecke Plaza ) honours men of Yale who died in battle. The John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial in Dallas
1836-706: The dead from events outside conventional Western coverage. The concrete Memorial Cenotaph at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park was designed by Kenzo Tange to commemorate the victims of the August 1945 atomic bomb attacks . The cenotaph at the 228 Peace Memorial Park in Taipei , Taiwan was erected as a memorial to the February 28 incident . In the Philippines, a cenotaph was erected inside
1890-430: The defenders of the Battle of the Alamo (March 1836) stands in front of the Alamo mission chapel in San Antonio, Texas . The cenotaph is empty because the remains of the fallen were cremated. Atop War Memorial Chapel at Virginia Tech , there is a cenotaph honouring all Virginia Tech cadets who have been killed in battle. Inscribed upon the cenotaph are the names of the seven Virginia Tech alumni who have been awarded
1944-464: The design of many other war memorials in Britain and in the British sectors of the Western Front , as well as those in other Commonwealth nations . Lutyens' cenotaph was chosen as a deliberately secular monument. The Church of Santa Engrácia , in Lisbon , Portugal, turned into a National Pantheon in 1966, holds six cenotaphs, namely to Luís de Camões , Pedro Álvares Cabral , Afonso de Albuquerque , Nuno Álvares Pereira , Vasco da Gama and Henry
1998-491: The entrance to Hove Library . Columns were fairly unusual as First World War memorials in Britain. Where they were topped with a sculpture, allegorical figures such as Victory were the usual choice, but several memorial committees chose Saint George, the patron saint of England and of soldiers . Variations of Frampton's template appear in several places, the first (a Boer War memorial) at Radley College , Oxfordshire. Another stands in Maidstone in Kent, and Lutyens produced
2052-400: The hall to enlist and were addressed by the novelist Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . Field hospitals, including one at the Brighton, Hove and Sussex Grammar School in the town, were established along the south coast to care for injured servicemen evacuated from France. Other schools and large buildings were similarly taken over, and the local cottage hospital treated nearly 900 men over the course of
2106-408: The local regiment alone. A war memorial committee was established in 1919 and Lutyens was engaged as architect . A design was agreed in 1920 after two unsuccessful proposals; Lutyens chose the site from several options. Lutyens designed a Tuscan column on a three-staged base, topped with a statue of Saint George , patron saint of England. George, cast in the studio of Sir George Frampton , holds
2160-423: The lowering of flags and four buglers sounding the " Last Post ". Members of the public and local organisations laid wreaths and other floral tributes, including Brighton & Hove Albion Football Club , who lost four players and a member of staff during the war. The height of the memorial and the gradient of the road mean that it overlooks the sea and Sir Thomas Brock 's statue of Queen Victoria (1901). Its setting
2214-445: The memorial was £1,537 (1920). It was unveiled on 27 February 1921 by Charles Wyndham, 3rd Baron Leconfield , the Lord Lieutenant of Sussex , 11 months after the newspaper article which prompted it. Lutyens was away in India, working on his design for New Delhi, but sent his office manager, A. J. Thomas, in his place. Thousands of local people attended the unveiling ceremony, including 1,000 bereaved relatives. The ceremony concluded with
Hove War Memorial - Misplaced Pages Continue
2268-407: The names of the dead. It was designed by French émigré architect Maximilian Godefroy in 1815, and construction was completed in 1827. It is considered the first war memorial in America, and an early example of a memorial to individual soldiers. The Monument appears on the Seal and the Logo of the City of Baltimore, and serves as a symbol for any agencies of the municipal government. A cenotaph for
2322-411: The northwestern region of Rajasthan as well as in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra . In the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan, chhatri s are built on the cremation sites of wealthy or distinguished individuals. Chhatri s in Shekhawati may consist of a simple structure of one dome raised by four pillars to a building containing many domes and a basement with several rooms. In some places, the interior of
2376-462: The positioning of Saint George with his back to the sea, compared to Lewes's, which faces east towards the battlefields. The art historian Geoff Archer points out that Frampton was too old to have fought in the First World War and it is "therefore unsurprising that [he] would have recourse to the well-tried iconography of the mythical hero", whereas younger sculptors with personal experience of the war tended to prefer greater realism . The total cost of
2430-422: The request of his wife, Françoise de la Chassaigne, probably by Prieur and Guillerman, two Bordeaux ornamentists. On the cenotaph, next to the coat of arms, there are two epitaphs, in Greek and in Latin. The one in Latin begins: "To Michel de Montaigne, son of Pierre, grandson of Grimond, great-grand-son of Raymond, knight of Saint-Michel, ex-mayor of the city of Bordeaux, a man born for glory, with gentle manners,
2484-425: The sarcophagus are a number of bas-relief panels depicting scenes and people during the First World War. It was unveiled by Mrs W F Savage and dedicated by Canon Mayo on 10 November 1929. A surrounding memorial wall commemorates the men and women killed during World War II. In Livingstone there is a cenotaph at the Eastern Cataract of The Victoria Falls with the names of the men of Northern Rhodesia who died during
2538-407: The sinking. Although Isidor Straus 's body was recovered, Ida Straus 's body was not, and a cenotaph at the Straus Mausoleum at Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx is dedicated to Isidor and Ida together. Its inscription reads: "Many waters cannot quench love—neither can the floods drown it." ( Song of Solomon 8:7 ) The striking cenotaph of Major Archibald Butt , aide to U.S. President William Taft ,
2592-448: The turn of the twentieth century and later built much of New Delhi , but the war had a profound effect on him. Thereafter, he dedicated much of his time to commemorating its casualties. He became renowned for the Cenotaph in London, which became Britain's national memorial, and for his work for the Imperial War Graves Commission . Located on the English south coast, Hove was the site of a Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve station prior to
2646-513: The victims of the First World War , but is used to commemorate all of the dead in all wars in which British servicemen and women have fought. The dates of the First World War and the Second World War are inscribed on it in Roman numerals. The design was used in the construction of many other war memorials throughout the British Empire. The Cenotaph is used for annual Armistice Day and Remembrance Sunday Commemorations held every November where all political leaders and ex-prime ministers attend and lay
2700-499: The war. The town also hosted several Belgian refugee families and a contingent of German prisoners of war. Over 600 men from Hove died in the war, of whom 163 were serving with the local regiment, the Royal Sussex . The proposal for a war memorial in Hove first appeared in the vestry notes section of a local newspaper. As in many places, a war memorial committee was formed to handle the town's commemorations and raise funds, beginning its work in January 1919. There were calls from within
2754-417: Was designed by Elizabeth Gardner to commemorate the men who died in the First World War (1914–1918) and was erected by the monumental mason firm of Pennachini Bros. On either side of the central sarcophagus are statues by Technical College Art School principal, James Gardner, who served in the trenches during the war. One depicts St George and the Dragon, the other depicts the sanctity of family life. Surrounding
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#17327799561192808-444: Was for a cenotaph and he built a wooden model for public exhibition on the sea front. This was rejected by public opinion, as was his next proposal, for an obelisk. The successful design, for a statue and column, was agreed in March 1920. The committee's first choice of location was Palmeira Gardens but the landowner refused permission, leaving the committee with three sites on Grand Avenue. In June 1920, Lutyens visited Hove and chose
2862-470: Was represented by his office manager. It is a grade II listed building . In the aftermath of the First World War and its unprecedented casualties, thousands of war memorials were built across Britain. Amongst the most prominent designers of memorials was the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens , described by Historic England as "the leading English architect of his generation". Lutyens established his reputation designing country houses for wealthy clients around
2916-545: Was spacious and quiet when it was first built but has since become busy with traffic. Lutyens adapted the design for a proposal for a war memorial in Shere in Surrey , but the memorial committee there opted for a different architect and design. Hove War Memorial was designated a grade II listed building on 2 November 1992, meaning it is considered to be of special architectural or historic interest. Listed building status provides legal protection from demolition or unsympathetic modification. In 2015, as part of commemorations for
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