143-640: Trams operated in Hobart , the capital of the Australian state of Tasmania , between 1893 and 1960. The city had an extensive and popular system that reached most of its suburbs. It was the first complete electric tram system in the Southern Hemisphere, and the only one in Australia to operate double-decker trams . Opened in 1893 by a private consortium, the network was taken over in 1913 by
286-411: A 1916 amendment to that act tenders were called for. The amendment required enemy assets to be sold and the proceeds held by the same trustee until the end of hostilities. Siemens Brothers and Company was bought by Messrs C Birch Crisp and Co on 14 December 1917. Financier Charles Birch Crisp was leading a consortium of investors who were not connected with the electrical engineering industry. In 1920 it
429-454: A bulk ore carrier collided with and destroyed the concrete span bridge that connected the city to its eastern suburbs. In the 21st century, Hobart benefited as Tasmania's economy recovered from the 1990s recession, and the city's long-stagnant population growth began to reverse. A period of significant growth has followed, including the redevelopment of the former Macquarie Point railyards, Parliament Square, and new hotel developments throughout
572-410: A cheap and efficient commuter service. By the mid-1920s tramlines ran from the city depot to North Hobart , Lenah Valley , Springfield, Glenorchy , Cascade Brewery , Proctor's Road, and Sandy Bay . The Hobart Metropolitan Tramways reached a peak in popularity in the 1930s and 40s, with a busy profitable network covering over 32 km of track, operating along eight lines. The Sandy Bay branch from
715-643: A classical tower designed by James Blackburn (who also designed the Holy Trinity Church ) was added in 1847. St Joseph's was built in 1840 and the Davey Street Congregational Church in 1857. St David's Cathedral , Hobart's first, was consecrated in 1874. The grand Queen Anne style Mount Saint Canice (1893) sits above Sandy Bay. The Edwardian Baroque GPO was built in 1905, and the Hobart City Hall
858-481: A combination of initial public skepticism to a new-found and little understood energy source, and the lobbying of the powerful local gas suppliers, who saw a new threat to their monopoly over street lighting and household supply. Despite the agonising delay, the London consortium persisted with their proposal and were finally rewarded eight years after the legislation had passed when a contract was eventually let in 1892 to
1001-446: A diverse array of natural areas, parks and gardens. It is most notably defined by its large areas of native bushland owing to its location. The most prominent of these is Wellington Park which encompasses the plateau of kunanyi / Mt Wellington itself as well as much of the surrounding alpine woodland and dense forests. This is taken advantage of with a large number of trails for walking, hiking and mountain biking activities all across
1144-567: A highly educated upper-middle-class family in relatively humble economic circumstances. Their father farmed a leased estate. The elder brothers of the family were born in the Kingdom of Hanover . In 1823, the year William (Wilhelm) was born, the family moved to the Baltic coast, near Lübeck . Both parents had died by the time William was 17. Profit distribution between the brothers, it reflects contribution not just ownership. On 1 October 1858,
1287-435: A major port, with allied industries such as shipbuilding. Hobart Town became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart from the beginning of 1881. The post-transportation era saw the city shift between periods of economic uncertainty in the 1860s and 1890s: "...While brash Victorians talked of the future, Tasmanians nurtured memories of a more prosperous past. In the 'sixties Martineau found elderly ladies lamenting
1430-576: A new Second Empire style Customs House, is situated on Constitution Dock and incorporates the Bond (1824) and Commisariat Store buildings (1810), the latter of which contributed to Hobart's early street layout when the Hobart Rivulet passed beside it. Away from the mouth of the rivulet was Hunter Island and after 1820 was also used for extensive warehousing. Hobart is home to many historic churches. The Scots Church (formerly known as St Andrew's)
1573-596: A patent he shared with his brother Werner. He found employment in Birmingham with engineers Fox, Henderson & Co and became a naturalised British subject in 1859, the same day as he married the daughter of an Edinburgh lawyer. Her brother was Lewis Gordon business partner of R S Newall. During the 1850s Sir William developed the Siemens regenerative furnace . Following various failures in Newall's installed cables
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#17327904696521716-423: A prototype for a fleet which was never built. It remained in service until 1918, and was scrapped in 1925. 1906 saw the introduction of the first single-deck cars, which came in both four wheel, and double-bogie (eight-wheel) varieties. The Double-Decker fleet was expanded to 40 cars, which were all built between 1905 and 1925. These were numbered to 61, although not in a continuous block, as numbers were reused when
1859-521: A reputation as a "cool" and creative cultural capital with increasing numbers of tourists drawn to its unconventional or quirky events and art projects, many spurred by the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA). The term "MONA effect" refers to the museum's significant impact on the local economy and Tasmanian tourism. The city's nightlife is primarily concentrated in Salamanca Place , North Hobart,
2002-616: A short-cut to Battery Point , a largely residential suburb known for its weatherboard cottages and multi-storey terraces. Government architect John Lee Archer designed the Regency -style Customs House (1840), facing Sullivans Cove and now used as Parliament House. He also designed the Gothic revival Engineers Building (1847) later used as the Tasmanian Main Line Company headquarters. Nearby are more buildings in
2145-656: A source of discomfiture about the city's convict past, but is now a draw card for tourists. The city centre contains many of the city's oldest buildings, including the Hope and Anchor Tavern (1807) and Ingle Hall (1811–14). The Cascade Brewery (1824), Australia's longest operating brewery, was built using convict labour, as was the Cascades Female Factory (1828), now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other notable early buildings include: Hadley's Orient Hotel (1834), Australia's oldest continuously operating hotel;
2288-521: A tourist attraction—in 1956 the Lanherne Airport (now Hobart Airport ) was opened. Australia's first legal casino, Wrest Point Hotel Casino , opened in 1973. Despite these successes, Hobart faced significant challenges during the 20th century, including the 1967 Tasmanian fires , which claimed 64 lives in Hobart itself and destroyed over 1200 homes, and the 1975 Tasman Bridge disaster , when
2431-682: A truce with Governor George Arthur . They were forcibly exiled ten days later to Flinders Island . Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition. He compares it to Sydney and compliments the " noble forest ". He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in The Voyage of the Beagle : "...The lower parts of the hills which skirt the bay are cleared; and
2574-622: Is located near TMAG on the waterfront and has been in operation since 1974. Siemens Brothers Siemens Brothers and Company Limited was an electrical engineering design and manufacturing business in London , England . It was first established as a branch in 1858 by a brother of the founder of the German electrical engineering firm Siemens & Halske . The principal works were at Woolwich where cables and light-current electrical apparatus were produced from 1863 until 1968. The site between
2717-746: Is located on the edge of the Tasmanian South East and Tasmanian Southern Ranges IBRA bioregions as well as being surrounded by parts of the South-east Tasmania Important Bird Area (such as the Meehan and Wellington Ranges ) which provide important habitat for Tasmanian birds . The East Risdon State Reserve contains the wattles Derwent cascade and Acacia riceana , as well as the rare or endangered Risdon peppermint and Eucalyptus morrisbyi . Other local plant species like heartleaf silver gum and
2860-472: Is often referred to as Greater Hobart , to differentiate it from the City of Hobart , one of the seven local government areas that cover the city. It has a mild maritime climate . The city lies on country which was known by the local Muwinina people as nipaluna, a name which includes surrounding features such as kunanyi / Mount Wellington and timtumili minanya (River Derwent). Prior to British colonisation,
3003-404: Is still difficult to achieve approval. As of 2024, Hobart is the least dense Australian capital with the highest costs per capita (alongside Sydney ) for housing and car-ownership (19.7% cost-to-income in 2024). This is credited with contributing to the broader Tasmanian demographic crisis and emigration. The median house price of inner Hobart was A$ 1,026,500 in 2021, which would be 12.8x
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#17327904696523146-941: Is the Playhouse Theatre. Built in the 1860s, it was originally a chapel designed by Henry Bastow . Today, it is owned by the Hobart Repertory Theatre Society. Hobart's largest arthouse cinema, the State Cinema in North Hobart , was established as the North Hobart Picture Palace in 1913. It was acquired by the Reading Cinemas chain in 2019. Located in New Town , the Rewind Cinema, formerly
3289-773: Is the centrally-located Queens Domain which contains the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens established in 1818 (which, though ringed by expressways , remain a highly popular destination with a variety of attractions), the Hobart Cenotaph (accessed via the Bridge of Remembrance and Hobart Regatta grounds which link to the Intercity Cycleway ), the University Rose Gardens , a number of sporting facilities (like
3432-513: Is the concrete put down to carry the weight of the trolley buses, but run on the same line. The tracks that run along the Hobart waterfront and docks area are sections of the rail system which service the docks but were not connected to the tram system The only remaining part of the rollingstock in original condition is one single-deck double bogie tram Number 141, displayed at the Tasmanian Transport Museum at Glenorchy . It
3575-401: Is the least-populated Australian state capital city, and second-smallest by population and area after Darwin if territories are taken into account. Its skyline is dominated by the 1,271-metre (4,170 ft) kunanyi / Mount Wellington , and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world, with much of the city's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land. The metropolitan area
3718-549: The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company , who suggested to Siemens Brothers that a submarine cable might be modified to carry petrol below the channel to France. Siemens Brothers' experience with gas pressure cables lead to their design manufacture and trial (under the Thames) of what became PLUTO. PLUTO delivered more than a million gallons of petrol from England to France each day. The sheer size of the structure required
3861-487: The Beaumaris Zoo in Hobart. During WW2 , the city performed drills and built shelters, with German mines found in the estuary and a Japanese scout plane flyover in 1942. While Hobart was isolated, it also contained the not insignificant Electrolytic Zinc Company which was essential for ammunition production. During the mid 20th century, the state and local governments invested in building Hobart's reputation as
4004-938: The Colonial Mutual Life buildings (1936) on Elizabeth Street . The 1939 Streamline Moderne Riviera Hotel is joined by what remains the tallest building in Tasmania, the Wrest Point Casino (1973) designed by Roy Grounds in Moderne . Several of the tallest buildings in Hobart were built in this era, such as the International Style MLC building (1958–77), the Empress Towers (1967), the Brutalist NAB House (1968) and former Reserve Bank Building (1977), and
4147-675: The Domain Athletic Centre and Doone Kennedy Hobart Aquatic Centre ), and formerly the Hobart Zoo (a role now taken up by Bonorong Wildlife Sanctuary in Brighton ). Areas along the eastern shore also provide recreation, including many coastal walks to areas like Kangaroo Bluff (one of many former Hobart coastal defences which are now parks) and the Kangaroo Bay Parkland (near Charles Hand Park and
4290-639: The Hobart City Council , who ran a successful network for much of the early twentieth century, reaching its peak in 1937. Following the introduction of trolleybuses in 1935, the growth of car ownership after the Second World War, and the state takeover of municipal transport networks in 1955, the system closed in 1960. In 2003 the Hobart City Council proposed a waterfront heritage tramway, and in recent years, debate over
4433-736: The Metropolitan Transport Trust in 1960. The original network had consisted of three main routes. The Macquarie Street line (also known as the Cascades line), the Sandy Bay line, and the Elizabeth Street line, totalling about 12 kilometres of track. After Hobart City Council took over the network in 1913, they embarked on an expansion programme which saw the Hobart Tram Network quickly grow over
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4576-717: The Montrose Boardwalk, Giblins Reserve and Cornelian Bay to the north, and the Battery Point Sculpture Trail, Errol Flynn Reserve, Long Beach Reserve by Nutgrove Beach and the Alexandra Battery, and Kingston Park to the south. Hobart's architecture is stylistically eclectic and reflects various periods of Australian history. The city is known for its well-preserved Georgian and Victorian-era buildings, giving specific areas an " old world " feel. For locals, this became
4719-557: The Octopus tree ) remain there. A rare patch of non- sclerophyll Tasmanian rainforest dominated by myrtle beech and blackheart sassafras is located near Collinsvale . A famous tree within the city of Hobart is the Anglesea Barracks blue gum which may have been a seedling before the colonial era . Hobart has a mild temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Cflk ). The highest temperature recorded
4862-830: The Rosny Parklands ) in Bellerive , Anzac Park and Simmons Park in Lindisfarne , Wentworth park at Howrah Beach , as well as hills within the urban area such as Gordons Hill , Natone Hill , Rokeby Hills , Waverly Flora Park and the panoramic lookout at Rosny Hill . In the city, many urban parks and gardens have sprung up over the years, like St David's Park , Franklin Square , the Parliament or Salamanca Gardens, Boat Park ( Princes Park ), Fitzroy Gardens and St Andrews Park , along with newer pocket parks like
5005-720: The Royal Society of Tasmania (the oldest Royal Society outside England) founded the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (TMAG). Its first permanent home opened in 1863 and the museum has gradually expanded to occupy several surrounding buildings, including the Commisariat Store , built in 1810. The TMAG-run Narryna was founded in 1955 as the Van Diemen's Land Memorial Folk Museum and is housed within an 1830s Georgian town house. Maritime Museum Tasmania
5148-604: The Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery . He also restored the number 17 double-deck car to its original 1915 condition as originally built for the Hobart Municipal Tramways. Both trams had brand new 3’6" (106.68 cm) gauge Brill 21e running trucks fitted by the Bendigo Tramways, as all original running gear had been scrapped upon their withdrawal. Another tram, 118, which was a single-deck bogie saloon car built by Hobart Municipal Tramways in 1941,
5291-545: The Thames Barrier and Woolwich Dockyard has retained several buildings of historic interest. New works were built at Stafford in 1903 and Dalston in 1908. During World War I Siemens Brothers was bought by a British consortium because most of its ownership was in the hands of enemy aliens ; see Graces Guide to British Industrial History . Siemens Brothers and Company Limited was bought by Associated Electrical Industries in 1955. At that time its business
5434-647: The Theatre Royal (1837), Australia's oldest continually operating theatre; the Greek revival Lady Franklin Gallery (1843), Australia's first private museum; and the Hobart Synagogue (1845), which is Australia's oldest synagogue and a rare example of an Egyptian revival synagogue. Salamanca Place contains many Georgian era buildings, as well as Kelly's Steps , which were built in 1839 to provide
5577-677: The 2020 K-Block redevelopment of the Royal Hobart Hospital was based on the street grid and convict-made Rajah Quilt . Nearby is the Menzies Institute and UTAS Medical Science Precinct, which features two 2009 examples of avant-garde styles inspired by land-water interplay. On Castray Esplanade, the Salamanca Wharf Hotel was built in 2013 and combines Antarctic colours with the surrounding former-ordnance warehouses. The Myer Centre Icon Complex
5720-466: The Derwent in a southeasterly direction hugging the Meehan Range (which hovers around 400 metres (1,300 ft) with distinctive summits such as Mt Direction and Gunners Quoin towards the irregular valleys of Brighton ) before sprawling into flatter land in suburbs such as Bellerive. These flatter areas of the eastern shore rest on far younger Quaternary deposits. From there the city wraps around
5863-608: The Elizabeth Street line on the level at the junction which is now the northern end of the Elizabeth Street Mall , but its only connection to the rest of the network was a single line in Park and lower Macquarie Streets in front of the Hobart tram depot. The last trams to operate on the Liverpool Street line completed service in 1958. Although there was never any deliberate integration, the primary city depot
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6006-605: The European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, dramatically reduced the Aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the convict population. In 1832, four years after martial law had been declared, 26 people, including Tongerlongeter (Tukalunginta) and Montpelliatta (Muntipiliyata) of the combined Big River and Oyster Bay nations, surrendered to G. A. Robinson 's "friendly mission" and were marched into Hobart to negotiate
6149-501: The Garden of Memories on Elizabeth Street . Inner suburban parks like Wellesley Park in South Hobart , the Train Park (Caldew Park) in West Hobart , and the Cultural Skatepark and Soundy Park in North Hobart are also popular. Parks continue to extend along the complex coastline of the estuary, from the birdwatching area of Goulds Lagoon , Old Beach 's " little doors ", the Claremont Cenotaph by Windermere Beach, Moorilla Estate winery, Glenorchy Art and Sculpture Park (GASP) with
6292-498: The German firm Siemens & Halske established an English firm, Siemens & Halske & Company, a partnership of William Siemens, cable manufacturer R S Newall of Gateshead and Siemens & Halske of Berlin. Its purpose was to help lay Newall's newly developed submarine communications cable . The London branch was under the control of William, later Sir William Siemens , formerly known as Carl Wilhelm Siemens (1823–1883). Hanover-born Sir William went to England in 1843 to sell
6435-449: The Hidden Theatre, is housed in a 19th-century convict-built structure. Another popular live entertainment location is the Hanging Garden precinct, which contains several venues and hosts Dark Mofo and Hobart Festival of Comedy events. Australia's first privately funded museum, the Lady Franklin Gallery , was established in Acanthe Park by Lady Jane Franklin in 1843 and is now run by The Art Society of Tasmania . Three years later,
6578-435: The Hobart Electric Tramway Company had not accepted their model for the tramways in the initial design stages. At the time it was widely felt amongst Australian councils that public transport systems would be best served by public ownership. As many other councils across Australia were doing at the time, the Hobart City Council sought to forcibly take control of the London-based Hobart Electric Tramway Company in 1911. Lawyers for
6721-456: The Hobart metropolitan area, some of which follow watercourses like the Hobart Linear Park ( Cascade Gardens ), Lambert Park , New Town Rivulet ( Ancanthe Park ) and Tolosa Park , or ridgelines to viewing points in places like the Truganini Conservation Area and Bicentennial Park. The former Fern Tree Bower of Dicksonia antarctica can be visited on the Pipeline Track. The city also has many urban bushland areas, most prominent of which
6864-422: The Hobart railway station along the originally proposed route to the Cascade Brewery , a second route departed from Elizabeth Street outside the Hobart General Post Office and ran along Sandy Bay Road, and the third route ran northwards along Elizabeth Street to Moonah . After nearly ten years of political wrangling, construction, and delays caused by the overhead electric lines interfering with telephone systems,
7007-439: The Hobart tramways came on 29 April 1960 when tram 131 was struck by a lorry near the intersection of Elizabeth and Warwick Streets. The brakes failed as a result of the collision and the tram began to roll backwards down the steep gradient of Elizabeth Street during evening peak hour traffic. Some passengers managed to jump clear before the tram built up speed, whilst others sought refuge under their seats. Despite being dazed by
7150-422: The Hobart waterfront. Hobart, Tasmania Hobart / ˈ h oʊ b ɑːr t / HOH -bart ; ( palawa kani : nipaluna ) is the capital and most populous city of the island state of Tasmania , Australia. Located in Tasmania's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent , it is the southernmost capital city in Australia. Despite containing nearly half of Tasmania's population, Hobart
7293-415: The Huon Road route, which followed Macquarie Street up the Cascades route as far as Darcy Street, and then continued to a terminus where the main road to the Huon Valley left the built up area, and began the long climb over the side of Mount Wellington. The success of the trolley buses on this route showed HMT management that the more flexible trolley buses were suitable for use on Hobart's roads. 1942 had seen
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#17327904696527436-419: The Launceston Municipal Tramways on 1 March 1955, and in 1960 it also acquired Norton Coaches in the north-west, giving the State Government control of public transport in the whole State. 42 years earlier the Hobart City Council had battled for over two years to gain control of the tram network, and it had been taken off them by a single decision of the State Government. By mid-1960, the MTT had decided to close
7579-589: The London and Berlin firms jointly made and laid a telegraph line from Prussia to Teheran which formed a principal part of the direct line from England to India, 2,750 miles. Principal cables made and laid by Siemens Brothers between 1873 and 1883: The construction and laying of cables remained the firm's main occupation until Sir William's death in 1883. Following his death shares were offered, somewhat unwillingly, to London manager Johann Carl Ludwig Loeffler (1831–1906) to retain his services. He managed to increase his holding to 25% but there were disagreements as to how
7722-476: The London firm of Siemens Brothers for the construction of an electrified system. Siemens had tendered for the contract at a below market value price, as they had hoped that by establishing an easily affordable, successful network in a fairly small city, the Hobart tram network would act as advertising for their products in the Australasian market, in which the company was hoping to expand. Siemens bros. initially constructed three routes. The first of which ran from
7865-461: The Macquarie Street Line to Cascades final replacement of trams with double-decker trolley buses which had a greater passenger capacity. It was another ten years before any further changes to the network took place. By 1950 the public had become increasingly unhappy with the congestion and the state of maintenance on Sandy Bay Road. Hobart City Council decided that in conjunction with the major roadworks required to improve Sandy Bay Road, it would replace
8008-417: The Metropolitan Transport Trust. Since then, other private organisations and the Hobart City Council, have acquired and restored trams back to original condition. Most of the fleet of trams were sold off for scrap metal, although some were placed into storage, and the early 21st century saw a Hobart City Council proposal for the restoration of a tram service, possibly as a reduced tourism heritage service along
8151-427: The Woolwich site, which once covered thirty-five acres, several buildings testify of a rich industrial heritage . Several buildings were destroyed or severely damaged by bombs in World War II, including the oldest building of 1863-65. A range of two- and three-storey buildings from the 1870s, 80s and 90s stands on the north side of Bowater Road. The western section of 1871 and 1873 is largely derelict. The central section
8294-442: The Woolwich site. An L-shaped five-storey building, used for making rubber-coated copper-wire cable, was among the largest factories in London when built. Also in 1911, a new office building went up in the same plain brick style. Just before World War I, Siemens had more employees in Britain than in Germany (around 10,000). Under the Trading with the Enemy Act 1914 foreign ownership was transferred to UK's Public Trustee. Following
8437-560: The abundant blue gum are also planted horticulturally, while many exotic species were planted as a result of aesthetic preferences from British colonisation. Black peppermint , silver peppermint , blue wattle , blackwood , drooping sheoak and cherry ballart are another common woodland combination. Threatened species of wildlife found in Hobart include the swift parrot , grey goshawk , Tasmanian masked owl , eastern barred bandicoot and eastern quoll . These amount to 11 species of fauna, 10 of flora and 4 vegetation communities. 5 of
8580-454: The bright yellow fields of corn, and dark green ones of potatoes, appear very luxuriant... I was chiefly struck with the comparative fewness of the large houses, either built or building. Hobart Town, from the census of 1835, contained 13,826 inhabitants, and the whole of Tasmania 36,505." The River Derwent was one of Australia's finest deepwater ports and was the centre of South Seas whaling and sealing trades. The settlement rapidly grew into
8723-469: The brown-coloured Modernist Marine Board Building (1972) and Jaffa Building (1978). Dorney House (1978) at the former Fort Nelson is an example of residential modernism. The postmodern Hotel Grand Chancellor was built in 1987 in what was the Wapping neighbourhood, which now features many examples of contemporary architecture , such as the 2001 Federation Concert Hall and The Hedberg , designed in 2013 around Conceptualism . The distinctive shapes of
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#17327904696528866-414: The captain John Hayes , and the river after the River Derwent, Cumbria (also briefly named by Bruni D'Entrecasteaux as La Rivière du Nord ). The city was named the singular Hobart in 1881, and an inhabitant is known as a Hobartian . Though the city is not officially dual-named , the 'saltwater country' of the western shore where the city is located has the Palawa kani name nipaluna which
9009-411: The cars were also scrapped, except for one double bogie tram Number 141, which was saved and transported to the Tasmanian Transport Museum at Glenorchy . The Hobart tram network had been the first in the southern hemisphere to be electrified, and was the first in the world to operate entirely double-decker trams. It operated on eight lines for 67 years, before it was replaced by a bus network operated by
9152-409: The city experienced periods of growth and decline. The early 20th century saw an economic boom on the back of mining, agriculture and other primary industries, and the loss of men who served in the world wars was counteracted by an influx of immigration. Despite the rise in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions, Hobart's population is predominantly ethnically Anglo-Celtic and has
9295-412: The city towards Sandy Bay and Nutgrove beaches proved especially popular in summer months. During World War II and in the immediate post-war period pressure from increased private car ownership and diesel-powered buses began to threaten the popularity of trams in Hobart, and both passenger rail and the Hobart tramways were experiencing economic trouble. HMT had commenced trolley bus services in 1935 with
9438-610: The city. Hobart is located on the estuary of the River Derwent in the state's south-east. It is built predominantly on Jurassic dolerite around the foothills interspersed with smaller areas of Triassic siltstone and Permian mudstone , straddling the River Derwent . The Western Shore extends from the Derwent Valley in the northwest through the flatter areas around Glenorchy (which rests on older Triassic sediment) bounded by peaks averaging around 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) (including kunanyi / Mount Wellington , Mt Hull, Mt Faulkner and Mt Dromedary ). The hilly inner areas rest on
9581-435: The collision, and rather than secure his own safety by jumping clear, tram conductor Raymond Donoghue guided the remaining passengers to the front of the vehicle (as it was rolling backwards), and warned motorists by continuing to ring the tram's bells and desperately trying to operate the emergency hand brakes to no avail. It is estimated that the tram built up a speed of 40 to 50 miles per hour (64 to 80 km/h). Eventually
9724-588: The commercial legacy of a former tramway) and narrow lanes lined with timber and brick cottages, townhouses and small apartment buildings. Social housing was usually organised by private societies and entities as outreach to those in need until crises brought greater attention from government authorities, such as the Homes Act (1919) and Housing Agreement (1945). The Housing Department focused mainly on mixing these with broad-acre suburban estates, which were sometimes expensive to service with adequate infrastructure. Architects such as Margaret Findlay were employed by
9867-417: The company successfully fought off an initial take-over attempt, forcing the Hobart City Council to consult with the State Government about a future take-over. Two years later the state Government passed the Tramways Bill giving the council the right in law to control the trams. On 3 June 1913 Hobart City Council terminated Hobart Electric Tramways perpetual franchise. The company was compulsorily bought out by
10010-466: The constantly-evolving city centre). With the development of streets and public transport , such as a railway in 1876 and Australia's first fully-electric tram network in 1893, further growth of the urban area was enabled. Inner suburbs from this era typically have orderly streets (around planned subdivisions of former agriculture grants, often inspired by the City Beautiful movement ) with shopfronts (the Hill Street Grocer franchise derives from
10153-447: The corner of Sandy Bay Road , where it turned towards Sandy Bay , and followed Sandy Bay Road as far as Heathorn Avenue. The Sandy Bay line had its trams phased out between 1942 and 1952, with the final tram running in December of that year. The Liverpool Street line, also known as the West Hobart line, commenced at the Hobart Railway Station, and travelled up Liverpool Street through Hobart CBD, before beginning to climb westwards into
10296-575: The council foresaw it would take at least 15 to 20 years to replace it effectively. The State government of Premier Robert Cosgrove had grown tired of the council's increasingly poor management of the public transport system and a local controversy over fare levels. In 1955 a new statewide statutory authority, the Metropolitan Transport Trust (MTT) was formed, and this entity took over the Hobart Tramways, as well as
10439-416: The council, and they transferred control to the government-operated Hobart Municipal Tramways. Hobart Municipal Tramways and the Hobart City Council began an expansion programme which doubled the size of the network within ten years. The network's growth was barely affected by the outbreak of World War I . The tramways expanded rapidly, and suburban growth followed the lines, spurred on by the availability of
10582-413: The decision taken to reduce the fleet in line with declining rider-ship, and 9 cars were scrapped in that year. After three major derailments all resulted in overturning double-deckers the remaining 31 double-deck cars were cut down to single-deck between 1947 and 1948. Three further cars were withdrawn in 1948, six more in 1951, and the remaining double-deck cars were withdrawn in 1954. The rebuilt number 56
10725-607: The estuary to peninsulas and extends across the hills in an easterly direction into the valley area of Rokeby , before reaching into the tidal flatland area of Lauderdale (between Ralphs Bay and Frederick Henry Bay ). Hobart has access to a number of beach areas including those in the Derwent estuary itself: Long Beach , Nutgrove Beach , Bellerive Beach , Cornelian Bay, Kingston, and Howrah Beaches, as well as many more in Frederick Henry Bay such as Seven Mile , Roaches, Cremorne, Clifton and Goats Beaches. Hobart
10868-596: The firm was run and Alexander Siemens, William's adopted son, replaced Loeffler in 1888. Werner bought Loeffler's shareholding. Loeffler died in the Tyrol 18 years later leaving an estate in excess of £1.5 million, he was a prominent investor in West Australian mines. The invention of the dynamo in 1867 led to a switch from Siemens' previous strength in light-current products to heavy-current products and processes. The world's first modern high-voltage power station
11011-412: The first line opened on 23 September 1893, making it the first complete electric tramway system to be established in the Southern Hemisphere. In a world first, the Hobart tram network operated entirely double-decker trams, although these soon proved to have difficulties navigating on Hobart's hillier routes. The Hobart network was also the first tramway to use sliding bow collectors to collect the power from
11154-462: The foothills of Mount Wellington . It was a double track to Warwick Street, except for two sections where the curve or narrowness of the road required a single contraflow section of track. This line was exceptionally heavily used, and during peak hour traffic, it was usual for two cars to run each scheduled service. On certain occasions, even three cars were operated in conjunction for the run as far as Warwick Street. The Liverpool Street line crossed
11297-473: The gaiety of the old days and merchants the time when 'Hobart Town promised to be the emporium if not the metropolis of Australia'." However, this was mixed in with evolving politics, a greater connection with mainland Australia, tourism in the 1880s and the establishment of important cultural and social institutions including The University of Tasmania . "When the Town Hall was opened in 1866 it symbolised
11440-456: The highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australia's capital cities. Today, Hobart is the financial and administrative hub of Tasmania, serving as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations and acting as a tourist destination. Well-known drawcards include its convict-era architecture, Salamanca Market and the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), the Southern Hemisphere's largest private museum. In 1804,
11583-419: The hope of future greatness for the city". The Russian navy visited the port multiple times, which had become a leading reason for the Hobart coastal defences . Mark Twain also visited in 1895 when he wrote "Hobart has a peculiarity—it is the neatest town that the sun shines on; and I incline to believe that it is also the cleanest." On 7 September 1936, one of the last known surviving thylacines died at
11726-428: The initial fleet comprised twenty double-deck Siemens-built tram cars. The top deck was open-sided but covered by a roof, and both driving ends were exposed. These were numbered 1 to 20, and all remained in service until 1928. Hobart Electric Tramway Company self-built their first car (number 22) in 1903, but it only lasted in service until 1915. One maximum traction double-decker was built by Brush in 1904, and served as
11869-450: The inner city being converted into parking ) further made Hobart a sprawling city. Zoning now applies and specific area plans can also be prepared (with the land use near Hobart's northern suburbs transit corridor under particular focus), though planning reform and new provisions schedules are being prepared. While community and social housing projects do occur in expensive areas (such as 25 apartments on Goulburn Street in 2021), it
12012-680: The involvement of many other companies in manufacture of individual lengths. One of PLUTO's two pipeline styles was named HAIS—Hartley, Anglo-Iranian, Siemens. Despite rationalization and further investment, the layout and age of the Woolwich works stood in the way of new production methods. After the AEI take-over, the Woolwich factory principally produced Strowger telephone exchanges for the General Post Office . After these became more and more obsolete, GEC's chairman Sir Arnold Weinstock
12155-474: The land had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years by Aboriginal Tasmanians . Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony , Hobart is Australia's second-oldest capital city after Sydney , New South Wales. Whaling quickly emerged as a major industry in the area, and for a time Hobart served as the Southern Ocean 's main whaling port. Penal transportation ended in the 1850s, after which
12298-677: The legislative approval having already passed, the British entrepreneurs registered the Hobart Electric Tramway Company in 1886. One of the businessmen, Charles Henry Grant, personally floated the company in London. The same year they built and displayed a model tramway in the Hobart Town Hall in order to raise support for their electrified system. It had not been initially clear what the government's opposition to electrification was, but it seems to have been
12441-575: The link with them was dropped at the end of 1860. In 1865 Johann Georg Halske , partner in Siemens & Halske, withdrew from the English branch following failures in the London firm's work so then it became Siemens Brothers . Siemens Brothers Telegraph Works opened as a new cable factory in Woolwich , London in 1863. It expanded to cover over 6 acres and employed more than 2,000 people. In 1869
12584-754: The more exposed position coupled with them resting at higher altitude. These snow-bearing winds often carry on through Tasmania and Victoria to the Snowy Mountains in Victoria and southern New South Wales. Nevertheless, sleet can occur in Hobart during the peak Tasmanian snow season (typically defined as being between May to September, with the most snowfalls in July and August). Average sea temperatures range from 12.5 °C (54.5 °F) in September to 16.5 °C (61.7 °F) in February. Hobart has
12727-624: The most heavily used, and the Springfield branch line had the honour of being the last to cease tram operations in October 1960. The Lenah Valley line was a single track branch line off the Elizabeth Street line to Moonah. In North Hobart, the track diverted westwards along Augusta Road. The second (Montagu St) and third (Giblin St) loops could only accommodate a single bogie car, and so a Giblin St service
12870-561: The name change. Past New Town, New Town Road becomes Main Road , but line was still called the Elizabeth Street line in these sections. The Elizabeth Street line was the most heavily trafficked route on the Hobart tram network, and The Mercury of 25 May 1951 reported that 132 trams left the GPO on the Elizabeth St routes each weekday between 4.00 pm and 6.12 pm. The Elizabeth Street line was
13013-538: The next ten years to its maximum extent of eight lines, with some extra branch lines. By the mid-1920s tramlines ran from the city depot to North Hobart , Lenah Valley , Springfield, Glenorchy , Cascade Brewery , Proctor's Road, and Sandy Bay . The network reached its maximum size between 1934 and 1942, when the total network length was 17 miles (32 kilometres). The Macquarie St tram routes to Cascades, Proctor's Road (Dynnyrne) and Sandy Bay had been replaced by trolley buses between 1942 and 1952. The Macquarie Street line
13156-449: The old Siemens cars were taken out of service. The last double-deckers to be built were the numbers 62, 63 and 64, which unlike their open-topped predecessors, featured enclosed upper-cabins. Only one old car, tram #56, was retro-fitted with an enclosed roof in the style of the 62-64 cars. Tram #63 car over-turned on a tight corner in 1946 and was scrapped. In 1946 the maximum fleet size was achieved with 76 cars in total running. That year saw
13299-565: The one hundred range. This car had already been the third number 11, as two previous cars (1893–1914, and 1914–52) had borne the same car number. Similarly, tram number 133 was also recovered from a farm, this time in Bridgewater where it had also laid abandoned since 1960. Unfortunately, its condition may prevent future restoration. It is currently stored at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery's Moonah workshops. Tram number 120
13442-492: The original electrified proposal with a new proposal which allowed for steam powered trams to operation on a 3’6" (106.68 cm) gauge track. The government wished for the first line opened to be 2.485 miles (four kilometres) of track on along Macquarie Street and Cascade Road, providing transport for workers at the Cascade Brewery . Despite the government's insistence, the project's backers would not be swayed, and with
13585-687: The original lines, the Elizabeth Street line also commenced operation on 23 September 1893, and originally began at Hobart General Post Office (GPO), and travelled north long the incline of Elizabeth Street, through North Hobart , New Town and onto Moonah as far as Albert Road. Before the construction of the Brooker Highway in 1961, this was the main north–south artery of Hobart, and often became exceedingly congested. Between Augusta Road in Lenah Valley and New Town, Elizabeth Street becomes New Town Road , but continues uninterrupted, despite
13728-466: The overall withdrawal of the once popular tramways. There are few physical remains of the Hobart tram network still in existence. However the road surface along certain sections of the tramways routes still show evidence of them having previously been part of the tramway. For example, sections of Sandy Bay Road, and Macquarie Street towards Cascades have a different surface texture, and concrete sections which give an indication of where tracks once ran. This
13871-516: The overhead wires, borrowing the technology from electrified 'heavy' rail networks in Europe. The Hobart tram network soon proved to be popular for commuters, and began to expand. Single deck trams were introduced in 1906, mainly for the routes on which double-deckers experienced problems. Hobart City Council had never felt completely happy about a privately run public transport network over which they exerted little control, and were also aggrieved that
14014-450: The overturning of the number 63 double-decker in 1946, there were relatively few accidents on the Hobart Tramways and most were minor. In the late 1930s there were also three derailments which all resulted in overturning double-deckers. Minor injuries were reported in all of these accidents, but no fatalities were caused. This series of accidents led to the decision to cut down the double-decker fleet to single-deck cars. The worst accident on
14157-440: The positive benefits that such systems were bringing to the mainland capitals of Sydney and Melbourne , which had developed steam, horse and cable-powered public transport networks. In 1884 a syndicate of forty people formed to create a tramway company, each contributing £4 as capital. The Tasmanian Government supported it, and a private bill was introduced to parliament. The Hobart Tramway Company's Act 1884 gave authority to
14300-489: The preferential exchange of the special products of each company". In 1908, Siemens Brothers Dynamo Works Limited opened a metal filament lamp factory in rented premises at Tyssen Street, Dalston , London. In 1919 its capacity was 2.5 million lamps per annum but advances in technology left its products unwanted and the Dalston factory closed in 1923. In 1911 the company was doing well and several new buildings went up at
14443-506: The presence of French explorers . It was the site of the 1804 Risdon Cove massacre . Later that year, along with the military, settlers and convicts from the abandoned Port Phillip settlement, the camp at Risdon Cove was moved by Captain David Collins to a better location at the present site of Hobart at Sullivans Cove . The area's Indigenous inhabitants were members of the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe. Violent conflict with
14586-468: The public works department. Bungalows were mass-produced in weatherboard and then fibro materials. The 1944 Town and Country Planning Act was the instrument to transfer control of urban housing to municipalities, which automatically resulted in tightly restricted homebuilding in existing urban areas. The advent of the automotive city and the 1965 Hobart Area Transportation Study (which ultimately resulted in cuts to public transport and parts of
14729-419: The rate consistenly under 3% and listings 50.5% lower in southern Tasmania over 11 years. Renting is also typically less protected than other states. Tenant-oriented housing models may become more common, with a few examples in Hobart such as 2020's all-electric The Commons Hobart where expensive parking mandates were waivered to enable an affordable green lifestyle . Since the 2000s, Hobart has gained
14872-708: The region's median household income per year. Of the 76,686 total dwellings in urban Greater Hobart in 2021 , only 10% were a flat or apartment and 7.2% semi-detached or terrace. Greater Hobart builds on average 700 new dwellings per year, which equates to between 3–3.5 per 1000 people (lower than the 6–9 of other states), mostly concentrated in outer suburbs like Bridgewater (which has the lowest life expectancy in Hobart at 67) which studies show can cost 8x more than infill, meaning they require more infrastructure per dwelling to service than areas closer to existing services (which are more often under-capacity ). Rental vacancies have generally been on decline since about 2013 with
15015-446: The reintroduction of light rail and trams in Hobart has been growing . Hobart's population was growing, and by 1892 it had risen to around 24,000 living within the city boundaries, with the total population over 35,000. In an area approximately the size of a square mile, Hobart had no public transport service and relied on horse-drawn cabs and omnibuses to access out-lying towns and regions. Hobart had begun to grow and develop, and
15158-574: The same style, Australia's oldest tertiary institution was based in the former Hobart High School from 1848 (Domain House, now owned by UTAS), and the Government House building was built in 1857 and is the third iteration . Henry Hunter was an architect known for churches such as St Mary's Cathedral (1898), but he also designed Hobart Town Hall (1866), located on the site of the old Government House. The TMAG building, built in 1902 as
15301-411: The settlement was named Hobart Town or Hobarton by the first Lt-governor David Collins after then British Secretary of State for war and the colonies Lord Hobart (a variant of Hubert, his name was pronounced with emphasis on the second syllable) at Sullivans Cove (named after the under-secretary). Earlier in 1793, Risdon Cove was named after the second officer on the ship Duke of Clarence by
15444-690: The summer solstice. By global standards, Hobart has cool summers and mild winters for its latitude, being heavily influenced by its seaside location. Nevertheless, the strong northerly winds from the Australian outback ensure that Hobart experiences temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F) in most years. Those temperatures are very warm compared to climates on higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere with similar summer averages. Light air frost occasionally happens, albeit not every year. Although Hobart itself rarely receives snow during
15587-477: The syndicate "to construct, maintain and work tramways in the city of Hobart" and gave them the freedom of choosing motive power, including electricity. This venture failed after unsuccessfully seeking finance in London. A new syndicate was formed by 24 prominent citizens, each contributing £1,000 capital each. The syndicate was formed with the assistance of Henry Dobson , who was a senior member of legal firm Dobson, Mitchell and Allport, and who would be Premier when
15730-514: The threatened species are endemic to Hobart. A common sight within the city are pademelons and wallabies , and the Hobart Rivulet is home to platypuses . Wildlife groups and road safety advocates have highlighted the role of slower speeds in reducing urban roadkill and traffic injuries. While parts of kunanyi / Mt Wellington have been cleared in the past (and species like celery top pine were allegedly present), stands of old-growth white gums accompanied by giant stringybarks (such as
15873-533: The tram collided violently with the front of the following number 137 tram, killing Donoghue instantly. He had remained vigilantly at his post throughout the disaster and in his heroism he saved the lives of all of the passengers aboard, although 40 people were injured. Raymond Donoghue was awarded the George Cross for his actions. The accident provided a suitable excuse to the State Government for
16016-403: The tram lines with trolley buses along that route as well. In 1949 the Hobart Municipal Tramways became the first system anywhere in the world to use an automatic conversion system from AC to DC current, continuing its history of innovation. But after considerable debate, the council took the decision in 1950 to abolish the tramways completely. However, the public reliance on the system meant that
16159-728: The tramways commenced. The 1884 Act was amended to be the Hobart Tramway Company's Amendment Act 1889 , which described the proposed routes of New Town, Cascades and Sandy Bay, as well as providing a time frame of completion in four years. Company directors included Charles Grant, an engineer who came to Tasmania as superintendent for the Tasmanian Main Line Railway ; John Syme, director of the Cascade Brewery ; and Edward Braddon , prominent politician and Tasmania's Agent-General in London. The government had reservations about electrification, and countered
16302-464: The tramways completely in favour of a combined network of electric-powered trolley buses and diesel-powered buses , and their accelerated programme of closures saw the final Hobart tram run its last route on 21 October 1960. By 1968, the trolley buses had also been replaced in favour of a completely bus-based network . Most of the tram tracks were covered over or removed by subsequent roadworks, although traces can still be seen along some routes. Most of
16445-497: The war, the workforce numbered over 9,000. During the war it fell to around 7,000. After the war Siemens Brothers joined with Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company to further develop radar for ships. One of the many critical components of World War II 's Operation Overlord was to ensure a steady supply of fuel to the Allied forces. Operation Pluto (PipeLine Under The Ocean) was facilitated by Mr A C Hartley, chief engineer of
16588-505: The waterfront area, Elizabeth Street (which includes the pedestrianised Elizabeth Street Mall ) and Sandy Bay. These areas are home to popular dining strips, pubs, bars and nightclubs. The city centre is home to several theatres , including live theatre venues, picture palaces, and a multiplex operated by Village Cinemas . The Theatre Royal , established in 1837, is Australia's oldest continually operating theatre, designed by colonial architect John Lee Archer . Another historic theatre
16731-509: The winter due to the foehn effect created by the Central Highlands (the city's geographic position causes a rain shadow ), the adjacent kunanyi / Mount Wellington is frequently seen with a snowcap throughout the year. During the 20th century, the city itself has received snowfalls at sea level on average only once every 5 years; however, outer suburbs lying higher on the slopes of Mount Wellington receive snow more often, owing to
16874-495: The younger Jurassic dolerite deposits, before stretching into the lower areas such as the beaches of Sandy Bay in the south, while the City and Kingston are separated by hills and Taroona 's Alum Cliffs . The Derwent estuary exits into Storm Bay wrapped by the South Arm Peninsula , Iron Pot and Betsey Island , with Turrakana / Tasman Peninsula and Bruny Island beyond. The Eastern Shore also extends from
17017-427: Was 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) on 4 January 2013 and the lowest was −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) on 25 June 1972 and 11 July 1981. Annually, Hobart receives only 40.8 clear days without rain. Compared to other major Australian cities, Hobart has the fewest daily average hours of sunshine, with only 5.9 hours per day. However, during the summer it has the most hours of daylight of any Australian city, with 15.3 hours on
17160-679: Was built in Bathurst Street from 1834 to 1836, and a small sandstone building within the churchyard was used as the city's first Presbyterian Church. St John's in New Town , featuring a clocktower and turrets, sat in the middle of the Queens Orphanage complex (now near the Hobart City High School ) from 1835. The Greek revival St George's Anglican Church in Battery Point was completed in 1838, and
17303-528: Was built in 1915 in a Federation warehouse style on the former city marketplace. The North Hobart Post Office (1913) of a John Smith Murdoch design is in a colourful Edwardian style . Hobart is also home to a number of Art Deco landmarks, including the T&;G building (1938) on Murray Street , the Old Mercury Building on Macquarie Street (1938), the former Hydro Tasmania (1938) and
17446-642: Was called kriwa beneath the hill of kriwalayti . The dividing line of the region is the timtumili minanya (river), which winds its way down from the centre of the island through the lands of the Big River (Lemerina) people. On the eastern shore, the name for the Clarence Plains was known as naniyilipata by the Mumirimina, a group of the Oyster Bay (Poredareme) people. Droughty Point
17589-501: Was chairman and Loeffler managing director. In 1899, the Siemens family bought back all shares not held by family members. By 1900 Siemens Brothers had constructed and laid seven North Atlantic cables In 1903, with Nuremberg 's Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft vormals Schuckert & Co or E.-AG, they formed a new entity, Siemens-Schuckertwerke , to hold all their jointly-owned heavy-current operations. The first step in England
17732-538: Was completed in 2020 as a replacement for the 1908 Liverpool Street building which burnt down in 2007, while retaining the façade on Murray Street. Projects designed by local architects include the Mövenpick Hotel , built in 2021 by Jaws. Hobart as a city has delivered its housing by various means and forms. For its early history, housing was small-scale but clustered in very small areas (the highest concentration and diversity of Hobart's heritage remains around
17875-472: Was described as follows: manufacture sale and installation of submarine and land cables, overhead telegraph, telephone and power transmission lines, public and private telephone exchanges and carrier transmission equipment for telephone lines and marine radio and signalling equipment. Through subsidiaries it was engaged in the manufacture of lamps of all kinds, miscellaneous electrical equipment and electrical railway signals. The German Siemens brothers came from
18018-606: Was known as trumanyapayna (kangaroo point) as it was a hunting ground, and South Arm as mutatayna . Later names by the TAC include piyura kitina (little native hens ) at Risdon Cove and turikina truwala (mountain waterfall) on the Myrtle Gully Falls track. The first European settlement began in 1803 as a military camp at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the River Derwent , amid British concerns over
18161-465: Was located close by to Hobart Railway Station, provided a simple pedestrian connection between the depot and the mainline rail services . Further access to mainline services could be achieved by getting off the Elizabeth Street line in Moonah, or Glenorchy, where Moonah Station, Derwent Park Station and Glenorchy Station were all within a short walking distance of the tram line. Upon commencement in 1893,
18304-631: Was opened in 1891, Deptford East . Designed in 1887 by 23-year-old former Siemens' apprentice Sebastian de Ferranti it was erected by the London Electricity Supply Corporation on the Thames bank at Deptford Creek, two and a half miles west of Siemens' Woolwich site. Berlin was anxious that the London business should break its reliance on the submarine cable business. The London County Council discouraged that kind of development and after considering other locations Stafford
18447-573: Was originally documented on 16 January 1831 by George Augustus Robinson (as nibberloonne , later niberlooner ) when he was told by Woureddy , a Nununi chief from Bruny Island who spoke five dialects. Though the island is offshore, the language is related and in the same family as the Southeastern Tasmanian language which the local Muwinina people spoke. Another recorded name was an Oyster Bay word lebralawaggena ( Bedford ). A semi-permanent settlement at Little Sandy Bay
18590-540: Was provided halfway between each Lenah Valley service at peak hours. The Springfield branch line was a fairly short spur that diverted westwards off the Elizabeth Street line. It was a tram from Hobart GPO to Springfield in December 1960, which was the final service to run on the Hobart tramways. The third of the original lines, the Sandy Bay line commenced operation on 23 September 1893, and ran from City Depot up Macquarie Street , into Murray Street , up Davey Street to
18733-494: Was rebuilt after war damage, the eastern section has been renovated. The latter sections are now part of London's largest complex of artists' studios , Thames-Side Studios. On the other side of Bowater Road several five-storey brick buildings of 1911, 1926 and 1942 have survived, along with a largely concrete building of 1937. Near the Thames Barrier is the 1946 marine radio school, a joint venture by Siemens Brothers with Metropolitan Vickers Electrical Co. Ltd., providing training in
18876-499: Was recovered from a farm in Sorell , where it had lain abandoned since being withdrawn from service in 1960. As of 2008, Tony Colman was continuing its restoration including refitting replica original upholstery and operation metal frame windows. Bendigo Tramways will refit 3’6" (106.68 cm) gauge M&MTB No. 9 trucks. This tram had originally been number 11, but was renumbered 118 in 1947, when all standard bogie cars were numbered in
19019-738: Was recovered from private ownership in Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory in June 2005, where it had been for twenty years. Prior to that it is believed to have been used as fishing shed in Interlaken in Tasmania's Central Highlands. It was originally built in 1936, and withdrawn in 1959. Upon closure, the Tasmanian Transport Museum acquired one of the last trams built in Hobart, 141, from
19162-640: Was reported the land and buildings at Woolwich now covered about seventeen and a half acres. Cables manufactured—the catalogue grew to include underground super-tension power mains, telegraph trunk lines and underground telephone cables, overhead lines and electric light cables. Apparatus manufactured—grew from telegraph apparatus to include: marine and mine signalling apparatus, measuring and scientific instruments, wireless telegraphy, telephone exchanges (manual and automatic) and apparatus, wet and dry batteries, landlines, ebonite , cable accessories and joint boxes A 15% shareholding belonging to Siemens & Halske
19305-401: Was run over. An inquiry cleared Driver Rosendale of any wrongdoing and the death was ruled as accidental, but it created further public debate around how trams and horses shared roadways. Ironically, the funeral procession of Anderson almost had a similar incident, with the leading hearse carrying Anderson's widow colliding with a passing tram. Although a few minor accidents did occur, such as
19448-433: Was settled on. 500 acres of freehold land were purchased there in 1900 and building began in 1901. Following the invention of the arc lamps , their manufacture was taken up by Siemens Brothers. In December 1880 a limited liability company was formed to own the firm and it was named Siemens Brothers and Company Limited. There were just seven shareholders, the legal minimum. All except Loeffler were family members. William
19591-426: Was slowly constructing the features and resources expected of a modern European city. By the late nineteenth century most major cities in Europe were developing public transport systems such as underground railways or tram networks, and the citizens of Hobart were calling for something similar for their town. Some Hobartians saw that a workable public-transport system was essential for economic growth, and had witnessed
19734-408: Was the acquisition of this tram by a group of schoolboy enthusiasts which marked the birth of the museum. In the early years of the 21st century, Hobart City Council managed to obtain and restore single deck number 39 tram to its 1917 condition, which it had intended for its Heritage Tramway. The restoration work was carried out by Tony Colman in 2000, who at the time worked as a furniture restorer for
19877-487: Was the first to operate, commencing service on 23 September 1893. It ran from its terminus at the corner of Park and Liverpool Streets, near Hobart Railway Station at the south end of Queens Domain westward along Macquarie Street to its far terminus at Cascade Brewery . Trolley buses were extended to Cascades on 5 April 1954. The Proctor's Road branch took the left turn off Macquarie Street, and followed Proctor's Road through Dynnyrne , without turning off. The second of
20020-433: Was the last double-deck tram in Hobart service. The first recorded fatality on Hobart's tram network occurred in early 1894. An elderly farmer, Thomas Anderson, was returning home to Bismarck (now Collinsvale ), when his horse became spooked by the 2pm New Town tram operated by Driver Rosendale. They met near the city boundary at Federal Street and Anderson's horse hit the side of the tram, throwing him into its path where he
20163-612: Was to build a new factory in Stafford for heavy-current business. In 1906 Siemens-Schuckertwerke leased the Stafford factory, formed a company to operate it and called the company Siemens Brothers Dynamo Works Limited . In November 1919 it was announced by English Electric that they had bought the Siemens works at Stafford (Siemens Brothers Dynamo Works Limited and its attendant sales and engineering organisation) and had entered into "a working agreement with Siemens Brothers and Co for
20306-458: Was transferred to the Custodian of Enemy Property . Siemens Brothers coverage of the whole field of telecommunications meant the volume and range of their wartime supply of cables and apparatus was enormous extending to the manufacture of radar equipment. The Woolwich factory was severely bombed (27 air raids were aimed at the plant) and many buildings were destroyed or damaged. Shortly before
20449-593: Was unwilling to invest in modernisation of the Woolwich plant. Early in 1968 the Woolwich works, where at the time 6,000 were employed, closed. This happened one year after the closure of the Royal Ordnance Factory in the Royal Arsenal , by far the largest employer in Woolwich. Losing both the ordnance factory and the Siemens plant at roughly the same time caused large-scale unemployment in the area and decades of economic and social hardship. At
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