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22-577: Hoczewka is a right tributary of the San River in southeastern Poland . It flows for 27.8 kilometres, and joins the San near Hoczew . This article related to a river in Poland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . San (river) * San in proto- Indo-European languages means 'speed' or 'rapid stream'. In Celtic languages , san means ' river '. The San arises in

44-494: A line along the San from September 6, until German forces broke out of their bridgeheads on September 12. Don (river) [REDACTED]   Ryazan Oblast , [REDACTED]   Lipetsk Oblast , [REDACTED]   Voronezh Oblast , [REDACTED]   Volgograd Oblast , The Don ( Russian : Дон , romanized :  don ) is the fifth-longest river in Europe. Flowing from Central Russia to

66-615: A major trading route ever since. Tanais appears in ancient Greek sources as both the name of the river and of a city on it, situated in the Maeotian marshes . Greeks also called the river Iazartes ( Ἰαζάρτης ). Pliny gives the Scythian name of the Tanais as Silys . According to an anonymous Greek source, which historically (but not certainly) has been attributed to Plutarch , the Don

88-707: A series of three great ship locks and associated ponds is the 101-kilometre (63 mi) Volga–Don Canal . The name Don could stem from the Avestan word dānu- ("river, stream"). According to the Kurgan hypothesis , the Volga-Don river region was the homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans around 4,000 BC. The Don river functioned as a fertile cradle of civilization where the Neolithic farmer culture of

110-834: Is one of two which enables ships to depart the Caspian Sea , the other, a series, connected to the Baltic Sea . The level of the Don where connected is raised by the Tsimlyansk Dam, forming the Tsimlyansk Reservoir . For the next 130 kilometres (81 mi) below the Tsimlyansk Dam, the sufficient depth of the Don is maintained by the sequence of three dam-and-ship-lock complexes: the Nikolayevsky Ship Lock ( Николаевский гидроузел ), Konstantinovsk Ship Lock ( Константиновский гидроузел ), and

132-596: Is shown as Donko in Mercator 's Atlas (1596). Donkov was again relocated in 1618, appearing as Donkagorod in Joan Blaeu 's map of 1645. Both Blaeu and Mercator follow the 16th-century cartographic tradition of letting the Don originate in a great lake, labeled Resanskoy ozera by Blaeu. Mercator follows Giacomo Gastaldo (1551) in showing a waterway connecting this lake (by Gastaldo labeled Ioanis Lago , by Mercator Odoium lac. Iwanowo et Jeztoro ) to Ryazan and

154-588: The Carpathian Mountains near the village of Sianky , at an elevation of 900 metres (3,000 ft), exactly on the Polish-Ukrainian border ( 49°00′10″N 22°52′30″E  /  49.00278°N 22.87500°E  / 49.00278; 22.87500 ) and on the continental watershed , and forms the border between Poland and Ukraine for approximately its first 50 km (31 mi). Poland's largest artificial lake , Lake Solina ,

176-877: The Sea of Azov in Southern Russia , it is one of Russia's largest rivers and played an important role for traders from the Byzantine Empire . Its basin is between the Dnieper basin to the west, the lower Volga basin immediately to the east, and the Oka basin (tributary of the Volga) to the north. Native to much of the basin were Slavic nomads. The Don rises in the town of Novomoskovsk 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Tula (in turn 193 kilometres (120 mi) south of Moscow), and flows 1,870 kilometres to

198-468: The Sea of Azov . The river's upper half meanders subtly south; however, its lower half consists of a great eastern curve, including Voronezh , making its final stretch, an estuary , run west south-west . The main city on the river is Rostov-on-Don . Its main tributary is the Seversky Donets , centred on the mid-eastern end of Ukraine, thus the other country in the overall basin. To the east of

220-717: The 9th or 10th century. The region subsequently became part of the Great Moravian state. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the Lendians of the area declared their allegiance to the Hungarian Empire. The region then became a site of contention between Poland , Kievan Rus and Hungary starting in around the 9th century. This area

242-720: The Austrian empire, which became the Austro-Hungarian empire when the double monarchy was introduced. This region, including the area west and east of the Subcarpathian Voivodship , was controlled by Austria for almost 120 years. During that time it was known as Galicia . Ukrainians traditionally associated the San with their ethnographic western frontier: this is reflected in the State Anthem of Ukraine (which describes Ukraine as extending from

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264-580: The Near East fused with the hunter-gatherer culture of Siberian groups, resulting in the nomadic pastoralism of the Proto-Indo-Europeans. The east Slavic tribe of the Antes inhabited the Don and other areas of Southern and Central Russia . The area around the Don was influenced by the Byzantine Empire because the river was important for traders from Byzantium. In antiquity, the river

286-570: The Oka River. Mercator shows Mtsensk ( Msczene ) as a great city on this waterway, suggesting a system of canals connecting the Don with the Zusha ( Schat ) and Upa ( Uppa ) centered on a settlement Odoium , reported as Odoium lacum ( Juanow ozero ) in the map made by Baron Augustin von Mayerberg , leader of an embassy to the Tsardom of Russia in 1661. In modern literature, the Don region

308-636: The San to the Don ) and the March of Ukrainian Nationalists (which calls for a Ukraine from the San to the Caucasus ). The Poland–Ukraine border today follows the San for approximately the first 50 km of its course. The San River, which has seen many battles in its history, was a battle site at the beginning of World War II in 1939. At the outset of the German invasion of Poland , Polish forces attempted to defend

330-532: The best known of the three, the Kochetovsky Ship Lock ( Кочетовский гидроузел ). The Kochetovsky Lock, built in 1914–19 and doubled in 2004–08, is 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) downstream of the discharge of the Seversky Donets and 131 kilometres (81 mi) upstream of Rostov-on-Don . It is at 47°34′07″N 40°51′10″E  /  47.56861°N 40.85278°E  / 47.56861; 40.85278 . This facility, with its dam, maintains

352-470: The fertile valley of the river in the 16th and 17th centuries, were named after the river. The fort of Donkov was founded by the princes of Ryazan in the late 14th century. The fort stood on the left bank of the Don, about 34 kilometres (21 mi) from the modern town of Dankov , until 1568, when it was destroyed by the Crimean Tatars , but was soon restored at a better fortified location. It

374-631: The southeastern region of present-day Poland (the Subcarpathian Voivodeship or Podkarpacie ) in prehistoric times. In the pre-Roman era various tribes, including the Celts , Goths and Vandals ( Przeworsk culture and Puchov culture ) overran the area. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Hungarians and Slavs invaded the area. The San valley must have become an important trade-route and axis of human settlement as early as

396-719: Was created by a dam on the San River near Lesko . The San flows into the Vistula near Sandomierz . Left tributaries Right tributaries Historical records first mention the river in 1097 as Sanъ , reku Sanъ , k Sanovi ; then as nad Sanomъ (1152) and Sanu (1287). On the old maps of the Ruthenian Voivodeship , Poland 1339–1772 it was referred to as "San" (1339), San (1372), "Szan" (1406), "Sanok" (1438), "Saan" (1439), "Sayn" (1445), "San" (1467), "Szan" (1517), and "Schan" (1526). Humans had first settled

418-459: Was featured in the work And Quiet Flows the Don by Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov , a Nobel-prize winning writer from the stanitsa of Veshenskaya . At its easternmost point, the Don comes within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the Volga . The Volga–Don Canal , 101 kilometres (65 mi), connects the two. It is a broad, deep waterway capable of transporting oil tanker size vessels. It

440-532: Was home to the legendary Amazons of Greek mythology . The area around the estuary has been speculated to be the source of the Black Death in the mid-14th century. While the lower Don was well known to ancient geographers, its middle and upper reaches were not mapped with any accuracy before the gradual conquest of the area by the Tsardom of Russia in the 16th century. The Don Cossacks , who settled

462-456: Was mentioned for the first time in 981 (by Nestor ), when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took the area over on his way into Poland . In 1018 it returned to Poland, in 1031 reverted to Rus, and in 1340 was recovered by Casimir III of Poland . During the years 966–1018, 1340–1772 (the Ruthenian Voivodeship ) and 1918–1939, the region was part of Poland. Between 1772 and 1918 it belonged to

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484-582: Was viewed as the border between Europe and Asia by some ancient Greek geographers. In the Book of Jubilees , it is mentioned as being part of the border, beginning with its easternmost point up to its mouth, between the allotments of the sons of Noah , that of Japheth to the north and that of Shem to the south. During the times of the old Scythians it was known in Greek as the Tanaïs ( Τάναϊς ) and has been

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