Misplaced Pages

#300699

43-784: Hodbarrow RSPB Reserve is a nature reserve run by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) on the edge of the Lake District National Park in Cumbria , England. It is on the Duddon Estuary near the town of Millom and covers an area of 3.28 hectares (8.1 acres). The nature reserve was purchased by the RSPB in 1986. It occupies a site where iron ore was mined from c.  1850 until

86-769: A Royal Charter in 1904 from Edward VII , just 15 years after its founding, and was instrumental in petitioning the Parliament of the United Kingdom to introduce laws banning the use of plumage in clothing. At the time that the Society was founded in Britain, similar societies were also founded in other European countries. In 1961, the society acquired The Lodge in Sandy, Bedfordshire , as its new headquarters. The RSPB's logo depicts an avocet . The first version

129-407: A better knowledge on bird population trends in gardens in Britain. The Big Garden Birdwatch was launched as a children's activity in 1979, but from 2001 it encouraged adults to partake as well. In 2011, over 600,000 people took part, only 37% of whom were RSPB members. This event usually takes place in the last weekend of January. From the start of this annual survey records for house sparrows showed

172-490: A century. Bird Notes and News ( ISSN   0406-3392 ) was first published in April 1903. The title changed to Bird Notes in 1947. In the 1950s, there were four copies per year (one for each season, published on the 1st of each third month, March, June, September and December). Each volume covered two years, spread over three calendar years. For example, volume XXV (25), number one was dated Winter 1951, and number eight in

215-674: A decline of 60%, while starling populations declined by about 80% from 1979 to 2012. In 2022, nearly 700,000 people took part in the Big Garden Birdwatch, counting more than 11 billion birds. BirdTrack is an online citizen science website, operated by the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) on behalf of a partnership of the BTO, the RSPB, BirdWatch Ireland , the Scottish Ornithologists' Club and

258-477: A hundred birds on a good day. According to Gilbert Pearson, there was "a special trade name for the feathers of almost every kind of bird known in the millinery business." In 1885, 15-year-old Guy Bradley and his older brother Louis served as scouts for noted French plume hunter Jean Chevalier on his trip to the Everglades. Accompanied by their friend Charlie Pierce, the men set sail on Pierce's craft,

301-449: A partnership with UK housebuilder Barratt Developments in 2014. The RSPB maintains over 200 reserves throughout the United Kingdom, covering a wide range of habitats , from estuaries and mudflats to forests and urban habitats . The reserves often have bird hides provided for birdwatchers and many provide visitor centres , which include information about the wildlife that can be seen there. The RSPB confers awards, including

344-556: A result. In Florida, plume birds were first driven away from the most populated areas in the northern part of the state, and forced to nest further south. Rookeries concentrated in and around the Everglades area, which had abundant food and seasonal dry periods, ideal for nesting birds. By the late 1880s, there were no longer any large numbers of plume birds within reach of Florida's most settled cities. The most popular plumes came from various species of egret , known as "little snowies" for their snowy-white feathers; even more prized were

387-532: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Royal Society for the Protection of Birds The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ( RSPB ) is a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales and in Scotland . It was founded in 1889. It works to promote conservation and protection of birds and the wider environment through public awareness campaigns, petitions and through

430-518: Is a private wildfowl refuge or bird sanctuary located on Avery Island in coastal Iberia Parish , Louisiana , founded by Tabasco sauce heir and conservationist Edward Avery McIlhenny , whose family owned Avery Island. McIlhenny established the refuge around 1895 on his own personal tract of the 2,200-acre (8.9 km ) island, a 250-acre (1.0 km ) estate known eventually as Jungle Gardens because of its lush tropical flora in response to late 19th century plume hunters nearly wiping out

473-399: Is aimed at teenagers, and produces Wingbeat magazine, which is primarily written by young people for young people. The RSPB is a member of The National Council for Voluntary Youth Services . RSPB organises bird record data collection in annual collective birdwatching days in Britain. The RSPB describes this as the "world's biggest wildlife survey" and helps inform conservationists to gain

SECTION 10

#1732802258301

516-531: Is part of the Duddon Estuary SSSI. The Duddon estuary is also an Important Bird Area , and a Special Protection Area ( Morecambe Bay and Duddon Estuary SPA). Hodbarrow has breeding populations of terns . It was one of the sites involved in a project funded by the LIFE programme called "LIFE on the edge improving the condition and long-term resilience of key coastal SPAs in S, E and N England". In

559-828: The American Ornithologists Union and the National Association of Audubon Societies (now the National Audubon Society ) persuaded the Florida State Legislature to pass a model non-game bird protection law in 1901. These organizations then employed wardens to protect rookeries, in effect establishing colonial bird sanctuaries. Such public concern, combined with the conservation-minded President Theodore Roosevelt , led to his executive order of President on March 14, 1903, establishing Pelican Island as

602-556: The Bonton , ending their journey in Key West . At the time, plume feathers—selling for more than $ 20 an ounce ($ 501 in 2011)—were reportedly more valuable per weight than gold. On their expedition, which lasted several weeks, the young men and Chevalier's party killed 1,397 birds of 36 species. Bradley eventually became a warden protecting birds from the plume hunting trade. In Florida, in an effort to control plume hunting,

645-511: The Florida Everglades , some of which were nearly extinguished by overhunting. By 1899, early environmentalists such as Adeline Knapp were engaged in efforts to curtail the hunting for plumes. By 1900, more than five million birds were being killed every year, including 95 percent of Florida 's shore birds . In Hawaii , Kāhili are feather standards worn by the chiefly class. Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiians) did not hunt and kill

688-566: The UK Advertising Standards Authority were incorrect. The article claimed that the true figure was closer to 26%. The Charity Commission investigated the claims, and contacted the RSPB to get it to clarify its web statement. The RSPB complied, with the clarification that 90% of its net income (after expenses, not gross income as received) was spent on conservation, and that conservation activities were diverse, not limited to spending on its own nature reserves. This

731-513: The Welsh Ornithological Society ( Welsh : Cymdeithas Adaryddol Cymru ). The RSPB is funded primarily by its members; in 2006, over 50% of the society's £88 million income came from subscriptions , donations and legacies , worth a total of £53.669 million. As a registered charity , the organisation is entitled to gift aid worth an extra £0.25 on every £1.00 donated by income tax payers. The bulk of

774-519: The millinery business, sold for $ 32 an ounce in 1915 — which was also the price of gold then. Millinery was a $ 17 million a year industry that motivated plume harvesters to lie in wait at the nests of egrets and other birds during the nesting season, shoot the parents with small-bore rifles, and leave the chicks to starve. Plumes from Everglades water birds could be found in Havana, New York City, London, and Paris. Hunters could collect plumes from

817-553: The snowy egret population of the United States while in pursuit of the bird 's delicate feathers . McIlhenny searched the Gulf Coast and located several surviving egrets, which he took back to his estate on Avery Island. There he turned the birds loose in a type of aviary he called a "flying cage," where the birds soon adapted to their new surroundings. In the fall McIlhenny set the birds loose to migrate south for

860-505: The snowy egret population of the United States. Flamingoes , roseate spoonbills , great egrets , blue herons , and peafowl have also been targeted by plume hunters. The Empress of Germany's bird of paradise was also a popular target of plume hunters. Victorian-era fashion included large hats with wide brims decorated in elaborate creations of silk flowers , ribbons, and exotic plumes. Hats sometimes included entire exotic birds that had been stuffed . Plumage often came from birds in

903-532: The "nuptial plumes", grown during the mating season and displayed by birds during courtship. So-called "osprey" plumes, actually egret plumes, were used as part of British army uniforms until they were discontinued in 1889. Poachers often entered the densely populated rookeries, where they would shoot and then pluck the roosting birds clean, leaving their carcasses to rot. Unprotected eggs became easy prey for predators, as were newly hatched birds, who also starved or died from exposure. One ex-poacher would later write of

SECTION 20

#1732802258301

946-399: The 1960s. The mining caused subsidence. Flooding increased after the closure of the mine, as the site was no longer dewatered. The reserve continues to be protected from the sea by a seawall built by John Aird & Co. and completed in 1905. Most of the area of the reserve is taken up by Hodbarrow Lagoon, a flooded part of the former mine, which is described as a "coastal lagoon". Some of

989-531: The January–February 1966 edition. Issues were published quarterly, numbered so that a new volume started every other year. The Autumn 2013 edition, dated August–October 2013, being vol. 25 no. 7, was the last. In Winter 2013 Birds was replaced by a new magazine, Nature's Home . The editor was Mark Ward. The magazine had an ABC-certified circulation of 600,885. With the Summer/Autumn 2022 issue,

1032-535: The President's Award, for volunteers who make a notable contribution to the work of the society. According to the RSPB: The RSPB Medal is the Society's most prestigious award. It is presented to an individual in recognition of wild bird protection and countryside conservation. It is usually awarded annually to one or occasionally two people. The RSPB has published a members-only magazine for over

1075-506: The Society for the Protection of Birds in London. The Society gained its Royal Charter in 1904. The original members of the SPB were all women who campaigned against the fashion of the time for women to wear exotic feathers in hats, and the consequent encouragement of " plume hunting ". To this end the Society had two simple rules: At the time of founding, the trade in plumage for use in hats

1118-422: The birds. Native American war bonnets and various feather headdresses also feature feathers. At the turn of the 20th century, thousands of birds were being killed in order to provide feathers to decorate women's hats. The fashion craze , which began in the 1870s, became so widespread that by 1886 birds were being killed for the millinery trade at a rate of five million a year; many species faced extinction as

1161-567: The case of Hodbarrow, slag was moved to create a new island in the lagoon for the benefit of little , common and sandwich terns. Hodbarrow is also renowned for large numbers of wildfowl during the winter, especially teal , wigeon , coot , mallard , tufted duck , common pochard , goldeneye , red-breasted merganser , and occasionally long-tailed duck , eider , goosander , pintail and shoveler . 54°11′59″N 3°15′54″W  /  54.1998°N 3.2651°W  / 54.1998; -3.2651 This Cumbria location article

1204-401: The first bona fide "refuge". The first warden employed by the government at Pelican Island, Paul Kroegel , was an Audubon warden whose salary was $ 1 a month. Plume hunter guide turned game warden Guy Bradley was shot and killed after confronting plume hunters. Following the modest trend begun with Pelican Island, many other islands and parcels of land and water were quickly dedicated to

1247-403: The first national wildlife refuge in the United States to protect egrets and other birds from extinction by plume hunters. This resulted in the initial federal land specifically set aside for a non-marketable form of wildlife (the brown pelican ) when 3-acre (12,000 m ) Pelican Island was proclaimed a Federal Bird Reservation in 1903. Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge is said to be

1290-466: The income (£63.757 million in 2006) is spent on conservation projects, maintenance of the reserves and on education projects, with the rest going on fundraising efforts and reducing the pension deficit, worth £19.8 million in 2006. It was reported in an article in The Daily Mail on 2 November 2014 that claims that the charity "was spending 90 per cent of its income on conservation" by

1333-618: The magazine has been re-titled. The RSPB has two separate groups for children and teenagers: Wildlife Explorers (founded in 1943 as the Junior Bird Recorders' Club; from 1965 to 2000 the Young Ornithologists ' Club or YOC ) and RSPB Phoenix. Wildlife Explorers is targeted at children aged between 8 and 12, although it also has some younger members, and has two different magazines: Wild Times for 0–7-year-olds, and Wild Explorer for 8–12-year-olds. RSPB Phoenix

Hodbarrow RSPB reserve - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-437: The odd-numbered months, January, March and so on, but dated "January–February", "March–April", etc.). Volumes again covered two years, so vol. 30, covering 1962–63, therefore included nine issues, ending with the "Winter 1963–64" edition instead of eight. The final edition, vol. 31 no. 12, was published in late 1965. Bird Notes' successor Birds ( ISSN   1367-983X ) replaced it immediately, with volume 1, number 1 being

1419-495: The operation of nature reserves throughout the United Kingdom. In 2021/22 the RSPB had revenue of £157 million, 2,200 employees, 10,500 volunteers and 1.1 million members (including 195,000 youth members), making it one of the world's largest wildlife conservation organisations. The RSPB has many local groups and maintains 222 nature reserves. The origins of the RSPB lie with two groups of women, both formed in 1889: The groups gained in popularity and amalgamated in 1891 to form

1462-513: The practice, "The heads and necks of the young birds were hanging out of the nests by the hundreds. I am done with bird hunting forever!" Egrets, including the great egret, were decimated in the past by plume hunters, but numbers recovered when given protection in the 20th century. In 1886, 5 million birds were estimated to be killed for their feathers. They were shot usually in the spring when their feathers were colored for mating and nesting. The plumes, or aigrettes , as they were called in

1505-613: The protection of various species of colonial nesting birds that were being destroyed for their plumes and other feathers. Such refuge areas included Breton National Wildlife Refuge in Breton, Louisiana (1904), Passage Key National Wildlife Refuge in Passage Key, Florida (1905), Shell Keys National Wildlife Refuge in Shell Keys, Louisiana (1907), and Key West National Wildlife Refuge in Key West, Florida (1908). Bird City

1548-479: The reserve is scrubland. There is a car park on the Millom side of the reserve from which you can walk to the seawall. (Alternatively, there is more direct pedestrian access to the seawall from Haverigg ). A bird hide is located on the seawall which gives views of the lagoon. The lagoon was originally a separate Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), notified in 1983. Following an amalgamation of SSSIs, it

1591-497: The same volume was dated Autumn 1953. From the mid-1950s, many of the covers were by Charles Tunnicliffe . Two of the originals are on long-term loan to the Tunnicliffe gallery at Oriel Ynys Môn , but in 1995 the RSPB sold 114 at a Sotheby's auction, raising £210,000, the most expensive being a picture of a partridge which sold for £6,440. From January 1964 (vol. 31, no. 1), publication increased to six per year, (issued in

1634-516: The social classes that popularised the wearing of feathered hats, including the Duchess of Portland (who became the Society's first President) and the Ranee of Sarawak . As the organisation began to attract the support of many other influential figures, both male and female, such as the ornithologist Professor Alfred Newton , it gained in popularity and attracted many new members. The society received

1677-459: The use of feathers in fashion. A later 1897 publication, Bird Food in Winter , aimed to address the use of berries as winter decoration and encouraged the use of synthetic berries to preserve the birds food source. In 1897 the SPB distributed over 16,000 letters and 50,000 leaflets and by 1898 had 20,000 members. The Society attracted support from some women of high social standing who belonged to

1720-418: The winter. As he hoped, the birds returned to Avery Island in the spring, bringing with them even more snowy egrets. This pattern continued until, by 1911, the refuge served as the summer nesting ground for an estimated 100,000 egrets. Because of its early founding and example to others, Theodore Roosevelt , father of American conservationism , once referred to Bird City as "the most noteworthy reserve in

1763-647: Was accepted by the Charity Commission. Over time, the organisation's chief officers have been given different titles. The RSPB is a member of Wildlife and Countryside Link . The RSPB is the UK Partner of BirdLife International and manages the South Atlantic Invasive Species Project on behalf of the partner governments. Plume hunting By the late 19th century, plume hunters had nearly wiped out

Hodbarrow RSPB reserve - Misplaced Pages Continue

1806-505: Was designed by Robert Gillmor . Today, the RSPB works with both the civil service and the Government to advise Government policies on conservation and environmentalism . It is one of several organisations that determine the official conservation status list for all birds found in the UK. The RSPB does not run bird hospitals nor offer animal rescue services. The RSPB entered into

1849-421: Was very large: in the first quarter of 1884, almost 7,000 bird-of-paradise skins were being imported to Britain, along with 400,000 birds from West India and Brazil , and 360,000 birds from East India . In 1890, the society published its first leaflet, entitled Destruction of Ornamental-Plumaged Birds , aimed at saving the egret population by informing wealthy women of the environmental damage wrought by

#300699