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30-568: The remodeled building features stepped, asymmetrical massing, stuccoed walls, vigas, and other details characteristic of traditional Pueblo and mission architecture. As one of the first Pueblo Revival buildings in New Mexico, Hodgin Hall helped to establish the style both at the university and regionally. The building was slated for demolition in the 1970s but was preserved and restored through an alumni fundraising effort. Since 1983, it has housed

60-596: A cost of $ 26,000. The University Building opened at the start of the fall term in 1892 and served as the university's only facility for nearly a decade. As the campus grew, it became known as the Main Building and then the Administration Building. Problems were soon evident. The building's extremely isolated location on top of the mesa left it exposed to strong winds from the west, which blew out window panes and generated large, unforeseen loads on

90-629: A fraternity meeting house called the Estufa , all designed in the Pueblo Revival style. The structural problems with the Administration Building gave Tight the opportunity to remodel it to fit his vision. Christy was tasked with converting the Romanesque brick building to the Pueblo style. The pitched roof of the building was removed, arched window and door openings were squared off, the brick

120-632: A popular architectural style in New Mexico . The term is now part of the proper name of some historical sites, such as Pueblo of Acoma . The word pueblo is the Spanish word both for "town" or "village" and for "people". It comes from the Latin root word populus meaning "people". Spanish colonials applied the term to their own civic settlements, but to only those Native American settlements having fixed locations and permanent buildings. In

150-412: A reasonable question as to the results if a severe storm should move the main truss that really supports the whole roof. Meanwhile, university president William G. Tight was experimenting with an architectural style based on the traditional forms and materials of New Mexico's Pueblos and Spanish missions . Between 1905 and 1906, Tight oversaw the construction of a new boiler plant, two dormitories, and

180-470: A remote plot of land on the East Mesa was acquired for that purpose. The newly assembled board of regents then set about planning the university's first building, which was to be a three-story brick building containing classrooms, offices, a laboratory, and an assembly room. Jesse M. Wheelock of Albuquerque was chosen as the architect in 1890 after an open call for proposals, and the building was completed at

210-603: Is a three-story brick bearing-wall structure with a full basement. It was originally designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style popular in the 1890s, with red brick exterior walls, arched windows and doors, stone trim, and a steeply pitched roof with intersecting hip and gable framing. Following the 1908 remodeling, the building features Pueblo Revival architecture with a flat roof, asymmetrical, terraced massing, vigas , buttresses , and porches. The brick walls and window arches were stuccoed over, though

240-668: Is forbidden. Visitors are advised to confirm events in advance with the Pueblos. Dances include the antelope, bow-and-arrow, Comanche, corn, basket, buffalo, deer, harvest, Matachines , and turtle dances. Richardsonian Romanesque Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics. Richardson first used elements of

270-626: The Chicago school of architecture and architects Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright . Overseas, Folke Zettervall was influenced by the Richardson style when he designed several railway stations in Sweden during this period. In Finland, Eliel Saarinen was influenced by Richardson. Research is underway to try to document the westward movement of the artisans and craftsmen, many of whom were immigrant Italians and Irish , who built in

300-748: The Piro/Manso/Tiwa Indian Tribe of the Pueblo of San Juan Guadalupe is currently petitioning the US Department of the Interior for federal recognition. Each Pueblo is autonomous with its own governmental structure. Several organizations serve to unite the interests of difference Pueblos including the Albuquerque-based All Pueblo Council of Governors who collectively negotiates for land and water rights and advocates for Pueblo interests with

330-673: The Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico, specifically in the region between Albuquerque, Santa Fe and Taos, the word "pueblo" defines a "distinct cultural group in the Southwestern United States" and their villages. The Holmes Museum of Anthropology defines this specific group as a "common culture with individual variances [that] connects them. Less-permanent native settlements (such as those found in California) were often referred to as rancherías , however,

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360-549: The cliff dwellings and other habitations of the Ancestral Puebloans , who emerged as a people around the 12th century BCE and began to construct their pueblos about 750–900 CE. Many pueblos participate in syncretism between Indigenous Pueblo religion and Roman Catholicism. The pueblos welcome outsiders to participate in feast days, in which the Pueblo communities hold seasonal ceremonial dances, and certain households volunteer to feed visitors meals. Photography

390-793: The Richardsonian Romanesque tradition. The style began in the East, in and around Boston, where Richardson built the influential Trinity Church on Copley Square . As the style was losing favor in the East, it was gaining popularity further west. Stone carvers and masons trained in the Richardsonian manner appear to have taken the style west, until it died out in the early decades of the 20th century. As an example, four small bank buildings were built in Richardsonian Romanesque style in Osage County, Oklahoma , during 1904–1911:

420-739: The Southwest, such as Acoma , were located in defensible positions, for example, on high steep mesas . Anthropologists and official documents often refer to ancient residents of the area as pueblo cultures. For example, the National Park Service states, "The Late Puebloan cultures built the large, integrated villages found by the Spaniards when they began to move into the area." The people of some pueblos, such as Taos Pueblo , still inhabit centuries-old adobe pueblo buildings. Contemporary residents often maintain other homes outside

450-846: The Southwest, those designated by the King of Spain as pueblo at the time Spain ceded territory to the United States, after the American Revolutionary War, are legally recognized as Pueblo by the Bureau of Indian Affairs . Some of the pueblos also came under the jurisdiction of the United States, in its view, by its treaty with Mexico , which had briefly gained rule over territory in the Southwest ceded by Spain after Mexican independence. There are 21 federally recognized Pueblos that are home to Pueblo peoples . Their official federal names are as follows: One unrecognized tribe ,

480-592: The arches are still visible from the inside. Hodgin Hall in its post-1908 configuration is architecturally significant as one of the earliest Pueblo Revival buildings in New Mexico, helping to codify a style that would come to define the UNM campus and find widespread popularity in Albuquerque, Santa Fe, and the surrounding region. Along with the Estufa , Hodgin Hall is one of the oldest surviving examples of Pueblo Revival architecture. Pueblo Pueblo refers to

510-476: The historic pueblos. Adobe and light construction methods resembling adobe now dominate architecture at the many pueblos of the area, in nearby towns or cities, and in much of the American Southwest . In addition to contemporary pueblos, numerous ruins of archeological interest are located throughout the Southwest. Some are of relatively recent origin. Others are of prehistoric origin, such as

540-404: The massive roof structure. By 1901, the exterior brick walls were noticeably bulging and the top floor was reinforced with iron rods at the recommendation of local architect Edward B. Christy. The gables, chimneys, and roof required repairs again in 1904. In my opinion, the roof is too heavy for the building ... I see nothing at the present moment to cause alarm, but there is certainly room for

570-438: The need for defense, the simple desire for human society in the vast solitude of (rocky plains, or the desert), dictated that it should be so. Nowadays the pueblo might have a population running into thousands. Doubtless, they were much smaller in the early middle ages , but we should probably not be far wrong if we think of them as having had populations of some hundreds. Of the federally recognized Native American communities in

600-403: The old building was renamed Hodgin Hall after Charles C. Hodgin, a member of the university's first graduating class of 1894 who later became an administrator. By the 1970s, the building was in disrepair and was scheduled for demolition in order to build a new loop road around campus. However, a group of alumni intervened and organized a successful fundraising campaign to restore the building. Under

630-491: The oldest area of Los Angeles was known as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señorala Reina de los Ángeles del Rio de Porciúncula or El Pueblo de Los Angeles for short. On the central Spanish Meseta the unit of settlement was and is the pueblo ; which is to say, the large nucleated village surrounded by its own fields, with no outlying farms, separated from its neighbors by some considerable distance, sometimes as much as ten miles [16 km] or so. The demands of agrarian routine and

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660-411: The public about all Pueblos through art, dance, and educational experiences. The center has a museum that presents Pueblo history and artifacts, and an interactive Pueblo House museum. An archive holds a collection of photographs, books, and tape recordings of oral histories. It also has a café and a restaurant, Indian Pueblo Kitchen, serving Indigenous cuisine . Pre-Columbian towns and villages in

690-777: The region, mainly in New Mexico and parts of Arizona , in the former province of Nuevo México . This term continued to be used to describe the communities housed in apartment structures built of stone, adobe , and other local material. The structures were usually multi-storied buildings surrounding an open plaza, with rooms accessible only through ladders raised and lowered by the inhabitants, thus protecting them from break-ins and unwanted guests. Larger pueblos were occupied by hundreds to thousands of Puebloan people. Several federally recognized tribes have traditionally resided in pueblos of such design. Later Pueblo Deco and modern Pueblo Revival architecture , which mixes elements of traditional Pueblo and Hispano design, has continued to be

720-622: The settlements and to the Native American tribes of the Pueblo peoples in the Southwestern United States , currently in New Mexico , Arizona , and Texas . The permanent communities, including some of the oldest continually occupied settlements in the United States, are called pueblos (lowercased). Spanish explorers of northern New Spain used the term pueblo to refer to permanent Indigenous towns they found in

750-702: The state and federal government. The interests of Eight Northern Pueblos are served by the Eight Northern Indian Pueblos Council based in Ohkay Owingeh (formerly San Juan Pueblo). Cochiti, Jemez, Sandia, Santa Ana, and Zia are served by the Five Sandoval Indian Pueblos, a nonprofit organization based in Rio Rancho. The Indian Pueblo Cultural Center , founded in 1976 in Albuquerque, educates

780-876: The style in his Richardson Olmsted Complex in Buffalo, New York , designed in 1870, and Trinity Church in Boston is his most well-known example of this medieval revival style. Multiple architects followed in this style in the late 19th century; Richardsonian Romanesque later influenced modern styles of architecture as well. This very free revival style incorporates 11th and 12th century southern French, Spanish and Italian Romanesque characteristics. It emphasizes clear, strong picturesque massing, round-headed "Romanesque" arches, often springing from clusters of short squat columns, recessed entrances, richly varied rustication , blank stretches of walling contrasting with bands of windows, and cylindrical towers with conical caps embedded in

810-657: The supervision of architect Joseph Burwinkle, the restoration project was completed in 1983 at a cost of $ 1.4 million. Hodgin Hall was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1974 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The building currently houses the UNM Alumni Association and Alumni Relations office, as well as history-related exhibits. It was renovated again in 2010–11. Hodgin Hall

840-467: The university's Alumni Association and Alumni Relations offices. Hodgin Hall is listed in both New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places . The University of New Mexico was established in February 1889 by an act of the territorial legislature, which specified that the campus would be located on high ground north of Railroad Avenue . Later that year,

870-464: The walling. The style includes work by the generation of architects practicing in the 1880s before the influence of the Beaux-Arts styles . Some of the practitioners who most faithfully followed Richardson's proportion, massing and detailing had worked in his office. These include: Other architects who employed Richardson Romanesque elements in their designs include: The style also influenced

900-494: Was stuccoed over, and vigas , buttresses , and other Pueblo details were added. The main entrance was also moved from the west side of the building to the east side, facing what would become a small quadrangle surrounded by the Administration Building, Rodey Hall, Sara Raynolds Hall , and the Library . The project was completed in 1908 at a cost of $ 15,000. UNM built a new administration building, Scholes Hall , in 1934. In 1936

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