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34-718: The Hoher Ochsenkopf lies about six kilometres northeast of the highest mountain in the Northern Black Forest, the Hornisgrinde , which is 108 metres higher. Like the Badener Höhe three kilometres north it is part of an eastern spur of the main chain of the northern Black Forest , which runs between the Upper Rhine Plain and the Murg valley . This spur is bounded by two western side valleys of

68-553: A Bannwald forest, 41.1 hectares in area, was declared around the summit and, in 1975, it was turned into a nature reserve . In 1986, in order to protect the capercaillie , a bird reserve , 600 ha in area, was declared around the Hoher Ochsenkopf. In 2000 the Bannwald was extended to an area of 100.7 ha and complemented by the surrounding, 427 ha of Schonwald , a form of semi-protected forest, called

102-657: A pyramidal peak is created. In some cases, this peak will be made accessible by one or more arêtes. The Matterhorn in the European Alps is an example of such a peak. Where cirques form one behind the other, a cirque stairway results, as at the Zastler Loch in the Black Forest . As glaciers can only originate above the snowline, studying the location of present-day cirques provides information on past glaciation patterns and on climate change. Although

136-424: A tarn (small lake) behind a dam, which marks the downstream limit of the glacial overdeepening. The dam itself can be composed of moraine , glacial till , or a lip of the underlying bedrock . The fluvial cirque or makhtesh , found in karst landscapes, is formed by intermittent river flow cutting through layers of limestone and chalk leaving sheer cliffs. A common feature for all fluvial -erosion cirques

170-679: A height of 1,151 m above sea level the Dreifürstenstein is the highest point of Württemberg. In 1938 the entire southern range of the summit level was declared as the military restricted area. First being in use since 1942 by the German Forces as an air defense position, the French took over the location in 1945. These operated on the Hornisgrinde an observing station on behalf of the French foreign secret service DGSE . Later

204-491: A less common usage, the term cirque is also used for amphitheatre-shaped, fluvial-erosion features. For example, an approximately 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) anticlinal erosion cirque is at 30°35′N 34°45′E  /  30.583°N 34.750°E  / 30.583; 34.750  ( Negev anticlinal erosion cirque ) on the southern boundary of the Negev highlands . This erosional cirque or makhtesh

238-421: A pot or cauldron ) and cwm ( Welsh for 'valley'; pronounced [kʊm] ). A cirque may also be a similarly shaped landform arising from fluvial erosion. The concave shape of a glacial cirque is open on the downhill side, while the cupped section is generally steep. Cliff-like slopes, down which ice and glaciated debris combine and converge, form the three or more higher sides. The floor of

272-413: Is a terrain which includes erosion resistant upper structures overlying materials which are more easily eroded. Glacial cirques are found amongst mountain ranges throughout the world; 'classic' cirques are typically about one kilometer long and one kilometer wide. Situated high on a mountainside near the firn line , they are typically partially surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs . The highest cliff

306-540: Is named after Daniel Becker from Frankfurt, who stayed in the old Kurhaus at Hundseck more than 100 years ago and explored the region around the Hoher Ochsenkopf. Hornisgrinde The Hornisgrinde , 1,164 m (3,820 ft), is the highest mountain in the Northern Black Forest of Germany . The Hornisgrinde lies in northern Ortenaukreis district. The name is probably derived from Latin, and essentially translates to "boggy head," referring to

340-423: Is often called a headwall . The fourth side forms the lip , threshold or sill , the side at which the glacier flowed away from the cirque. Many glacial cirques contain tarns dammed by either till (debris) or a bedrock threshold. When enough snow accumulates, it can flow out the opening of the bowl and form valley glaciers which may be several kilometers long. Cirques form in conditions which are favorable; in

374-635: The Black Forest High Road runs over the western and southern sides of the mountain, with a large car park at the Mummelsee. From there an educational path with information boards by the Ruhestein nature conservation centre leads across the summit plateau, crossing the raised bog on a board walk . At the southern end, above the Mummelsee, stands the 23-metre-high Hornisgrinde Tower. The construction of this observation tower in 1910

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408-456: The Kirchweg . The start point is the östlichen Dreikohlplatten . From there a path marked by blue and white wooden posts leads initially gently uphill. Later it becomes unmarked and climbs steeply uphill to the point, where there used to be a seven-metre-high observation tower, built in 1902, that was replaced in 1927 by a 12-metre-high stone tower. After a lightning strike, it was blown up by

442-526: The Nägeliskopf . Numerous rare and endangered animal and plant species have settled here, including the three-toed woodpecker , which had been extinct for many years in the Black Forest. The Hoher Ochsenkopf is accessible on foot from Hundseck on the Black Forest High Road over a roughly three-kilometre-long ridgeway or after a steep climb from Herrenwies or Hundsbach-Aschenplatz/Bridge along

476-642: The Schwarzwaldhochstraße (B 500) in approximately 900 to 1000 m, in the east drops the tendency steeply to the ice-age cirque Biberkessel with the landing Blindsee lake. The summit changes to the Katzenkopf mountain in the southwest at 1123 m, into the southeast drops the burr toward Seibelseckle. The Katzenkopf mountain and the southeast burr of the Hornisgrinde form the cirque of the Mummelsee . The Grinden - treeless wet heathlands on

510-711: The Technisches Hilfswerk in 1971. Even today the rubble pile of stone blocks is still visible. The path continues uphill towards the Teufelskamin ("Devil's Chimney"), an open fault in the Bunter sandstone that appears as a 20-metre-deep cave. Around the Hoher Ochsenkopf runs the almost level Becker Way ( Beckerweg ), a circular walk re-established by the Black Forest Club branches of Hornisgrinde, Achern, Bühl and Baden-Baden in 2003. The path

544-455: The raised bog ( Hochmoor ). Another interpretation of the name is derived from the terms Horn , miss and grind and meant the same as kahler Bergrücken ("bald ridge"), which carries a moorland on its height. The summit of the Hornisgrinde is framed of the Muhrkopf (1003 m) near Unterstmatt in the north and the Mummelsee (1036 m) in the south. In the west the slope is cut through by

578-564: The Mittlerer Ochsenkopf to the south and, further east, is the Nägeliskopf (994 m). In the northwest, the 948-metre-high saddle of Dreikohlplatten links the Hoher Ochsenkopf to the Mehliskopf (1008 m). The flat and once deforested domed summit or kuppe , then a typical grinde of the Northern Black Forest, was used in past centuries as pasture . The forest recolonised the area after grazing ended. In 1970

612-720: The Mummelseeloipe (6 km), Hundsrückenloipe (4.5 km) and the Ochsenstall-Seibelseckle loipe (3.5 km). It is prepared for classical and skating technology. Entrance possibilities are at the Mummelsee, at the col Seibelseckle and at the col Unterstmatt. Cirque A cirque ( French: [siʁk] ; from the Latin word circus ) is an amphitheatre -like valley formed by glacial erosion . Alternative names for this landform are corrie (from Scottish Gaelic : coire , meaning

646-864: The Murg, the valley of the Hundsbach with the Forbach village of Hundsbach in the south and the Schwarzenbach valley with the village of Herrenwies in the north and the Schwarzenbach Dam in the northeast. The Hoher Ochsenkopf is linked to the Mittlerer Ochsenkopf ("middle oxen-peak", 1,004.9 m) to the south over the Kegelplatz , a 977-metre-high saddle . The 964-metre-high Vorderer Ochsenkopf ("anterior oxen-peak") adjoins

680-584: The Northern Hemisphere the conditions include the north-east slope, where they are protected from the majority of the Sun's energy and from the prevailing winds. These areas are sheltered from heat, encouraging the accumulation of snow; if the accumulation of snow increases, the snow turns into glacial ice. The process of nivation follows, whereby a hollow in a slope may be enlarged by ice segregation weathering and glacial erosion. Ice segregation erodes

714-459: The bed surface; should ice move down a slope it would have a 'sandpaper effect' on the bedrock beneath, on which it scrapes. Eventually, the hollow may become a large bowl shape in the side of the mountain, with the headwall being weathered by ice segregation, and as well as being eroded by plucking . The basin will become deeper as it continues to be eroded by ice segregation and abrasion. Should ice segregation, plucking and abrasion continue,

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748-444: The bergschrund changes very little, however, studies have shown that ice segregation (frost shattering) may happen with only small changes in temperature. Water that flows into the bergschrund can be cooled to freezing temperatures by the surrounding ice, allowing freeze-thaw mechanisms to occur. If two adjacent cirques erode toward one another, an arête , or steep sided ridge, forms. When three or more cirques erode toward one another,

782-425: The cirque ends up bowl-shaped, as it is the complex convergence zone of combining ice flows from multiple directions and their accompanying rock burdens. Hence, it experiences somewhat greater erosion forces and is most often overdeepened below the level of the cirque's low-side outlet (stage) and its down-slope (backstage) valley. If the cirque is subject to seasonal melting, the floor of the cirque most often forms

816-406: The dimensions of the cirque will increase, but the proportion of the landform would remain roughly the same. A bergschrund forms when the movement of the glacier separates the moving ice from the stationary ice, forming a crevasse. The method of erosion of the headwall lying between the surface of the glacier and the cirque's floor has been attributed to freeze-thaw mechanisms. The temperature within

850-745: The highest areas, were created following forest clearance and the subsequent use of the land as grazing in the 15th century. By contrast the raised bog , up to five metres thick, in the southeastern area of the summit plateau is naturally treeless. It is reckoned to be at least 6,000 years old. Parts of the plateau with the raised bog and the Karwand to the Biberkessel were designated as the Hornisgrinde-Biberkessel Nature Reserve ( Naturschutzgebiet Hornisgrinde–Biberkessel , 95 ha.) in 1992. The Hornisgrinde belongs to

884-519: The location was used parallel also by the Bundeswehr and NATO. After the plant went out of operation in 1994, it lay fallow several years. The restricted area was released in 1997. In 1999 the neighbor municipalities took over the federal area. Some of the buildings and masts are preserved, however they're purging more and more. The long-distance footpath , the West Way runs across the ridge, and

918-549: The monthly precipitation varies less. The Dreifürstenstein is a sandstone plate, which is located at the southeast edge of the plateau. It originates from the year 1722 and marked the border between the Margraviate of Baden , the duchy Württemberg and the Diocese of Strasbourg . Today the point represents the boundary border between Baden's municipalities Sasbach , Seebach and Württemberg's municipality Baiersbronn . With

952-412: The municipality of Seebach as a lease. On 29 May 2005 the tower was opened again to the public. At the highest point of the mountain, in the midst of the summit level is a further tower, the 7 meters high signal tower established around 1840. In 1892 it was converted by assembly of stairs at the exterior into an observation tower. However, it was inaccessible during the military use of the summit. In 2000

986-589: The precipitation-richest places in Germany. The average yearly precipitation amounts to 1931 mm. Over 99% of the measuring points of the German weather service indicate lower values. The driest month is February; at most it rains in June. There's 1.4 times more precipitation in the precipitation-richest month than in the driest one. The seasonal precipitation fluctuations lie in the upper third. In over 81% of all places

1020-475: The tallest volcanic structure in the Indian Ocean . The island consists of an active shield-volcano ( Piton de la Fournaise ) and an extinct, deeply eroded volcano ( Piton des Neiges ). Three cirques have eroded there in a sequence of agglomerated, fragmented rock and volcanic breccia associated with pillow lavas overlain by more coherent, solid lavas. A common feature for all fluvial-erosion cirques

1054-509: The tower (also called Bismarck tower) was reorganized and made again accessible by a steel spiral stair lying outside. There is no lift system to the top of the Hornisgrinde itself. However, north of the summit is the Skizirkus Unterstmatt , with two lifts at the north slope of the Muhrkopf. To the south is the nearby ski lift of Seibelseckle. Around the summit of the Hornisgrinde leads a 14 km long loipe consisting of

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1088-401: The vertical rock face and causes it to disintegrate, which may result in an avalanche bringing down more snow and rock to add to the growing glacier. Eventually, this hollow may become large enough that glacial erosion intensifies. The enlarging of this open ended concavity creates a larger leeward deposition zone, furthering the process of glaciation. Debris (or till) in the ice also may abrade

1122-653: Was an initiative by the Black Forest Club branch in Baden. New red sandstone was used as the building material. Together with the Mummelsee, the tower was one of the most popular destinations in the region at that time. In 1942 it was commandeered by the Luftwaffe . After World War II it was used by the French military. In 2000 the Seebach forestry association acquired the tower from the Federation and transferred it to

1156-603: Was formed by intermittent river flow in the Makhtesh Ramon cutting through layers of limestone and chalk, resulting in cirque walls with a sheer 200 metres (660 ft) drop. The Cirque du Bout du Monde is another such feature, created in karst terraine in the Burgundy region of the department of Côte-d'Or in France . Yet another type of fluvial erosion-formed cirque is found on Réunion island , which includes

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